.0, 


E 

~t    y     -s.  u^  ,"  ,-f    '-^T.         Jc-it 

y-*'^    s'^'TY  '^*X  "« 

TAYLOR 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


Y 


I3ol)b0<jmerrill 


Natural  Method 


Shorthand  Instruction 


Individual  or  Class  Use 


By  Anna  Taylor 

General  and  Law  Reporter 

Formerly  Teacher  of  Shorthand  in  the  Indianapolis 
Manual  Training  High  School 


Revised  Edition 


Indianapolis 

The  Bobbs-Merrill  Company 
1904 


COPYRIGHT  1902 

BY 
THE  BOWEN-MERRILL  CO. 


THE   HOLLENBECK    PRESS 
INDIANAPOLIS 


PREFACE  TO  REVISED  EDITION 

In  the  revision  of  this  book,  its  adaptation  for  use  in 
high  schools  and  commercial  schools  has  been  particu- 
larly in  mind. 

The  reading  exercises  are  increased  in  number. 

The  writing  exercises  are  condensed  and  shortened, 
and  yet  they  contain  more  illustrative  words. 

Each  lesson  has  a  review  exercise,  repeating  all  its 
own  abbreviations  and  some  from  preceding  lessons;  it 
also  contains  additional  words  under  known  principles, 
for  practice  in  forming  new  full  outlines. 

All  abbreviated  outlines  are  repeated  at  least  four 
times,  and  in  the  reviews  all  abbreviations  which  be- 
long to  a  preceding  lesson  (except  the  very  commonest 
ones)  are  italicized,  so  that  they  may  receive  special 
practice. 

Phrase  outlines  are  indicated  throughout  by  the  use  of 
hyphens,  so  as  to  insure  facility  in  that  phrase-writing 
which  adds  so  much  to  speed  and  legibility. 

The  last  chapter  has  been  rewritten,  and  contains 
fuller  instructions  on  abbreviation  and  reporting  expe- 
dients. 


in 


448452 


PREFACE  TO  FIRST  EDITION 

The  system  of  shorthand  set  forth  in  this  book  is 
based  upon  the  phonetic  principles  which  are  funda- 
mental to  all  Pitmanic  systems,  and  includes  special 
stenographic  features  of  value  heretofore  brought  out, 
together  with  new  ones  which  have  been  found  useful 
in  the  author's  long  experience  as  a  reporter. 

The  distinguishing  features  of  this  new  text-book  are 
as  follows : 

1.  It  furnishes  from  the  first,  in  sentences,  exhaustive 
practice   upon   the   common   words   and    phrases  under 
each  principle  of  shorthand,  thereby  saving  the  student 
from  the  confusion  which  arises  from  the  attempt  to  put 
into  practice  at  the  end  of  the  course  the  outlines  under 
all  the  principles  at  once. 

2.  It  saves  the  time  and  lessens  the  mental  labor  of 
the  student  by  supplying  for  his  use  from  the  beginning 
the  forms  which  are  employed  by  the  finished  stenogra- 
pher.     Each  word  or  phrase  (including  both   full  and 
abbreviated  outlines)  is  presented  as  soon  as  the  student 
understands  the   principles  underlying  the  form  which 
best   meets   the    combined   requirements  of    speed    and 
legibility. 

3.  It  develops  to  a  further  degree,  and  unifies,  the 
general   principles   relating   to   the    use   of   full    strokes 
rather  than  brief  signs,  half-lengths  or  hooks — as  well 
as  those  relating  to  the  use  of  upward  and   downward 

iv 


PREFACE    TO    FIRST    EDITION 

strokes ;  and  to  secure  this  it  gives  careful  instruction 
upon  every  principle  which  permits  a  wide  range  of 
distinction  in  outline-  based  upon  syllabication.  Where 
older  forms  have  been  preferred  to  newer  inventions,  it 
is  because  by  the  use  of  the  former  a  much  larger  list 
of  words  is  provided  with  short  outlines  conforming  to 
these  general  principles. 

4.  It  unites  in  one  complete  course  the  instruction 
usually  divided  into  compendium  of  principles,  report- 
er's companion  and  phrase-book;  thereby  supplying  a 
quick  and  accurate  style  of  writing,  adapted  to  meet 
equally  well  the  requirements  of  the  individual  writer, 
the  amanuensis,  and  the  reporter. 

Steady  progress  from  the  known  to  the  unknown, 
with  constant  application  of  the  principles  learned,  is  a 
delight;  and  it  is  with  the  object  of  making  easier  and 
more  interesting  than  heretofore  the  acquirement  of  a 
thorough  business  knowledge  of  shorthand,  and  also 
with  the  hope  of  making  practical  the  use  of  the  art  to 
those  who  desire  to  employ  it  in  their  individual  study 
or  composition,  that  this  series  of  lessons  has  been  pre- 
pared. A.  T. 

Indianapolis,  May,  1895. 


INTRODUCTION 

The  materials  required  in  the  study  of  shorthand  arc 
a  blank  book  with  lines,  and  a  medium  pencil  (No.  2) 
or  a  fine  pen,  a  fountain  pen  being  desirable.  A  book 
opening  at  the  end  is  preferable  ;  the  writing  should  be 
placed  on  the  lower  page  only,  and  the  book  turned 
when  full  one  way.  In  practicing,  or  when  writing 
from  dictation,  errors  should  be  marked  out  with  the 
pencil,  not  erased.  In  the  preparation  of  exercises  in 
the  study  hour,  however,  all  errors  should  be  corrected 
and  the  work  made  as  neat  as  possible.  A  second  blank 
book  should  be  kept  in  which  to  copy  difficult  outlines 
for  special  practice. 

The  student  should  confine  his  practice  to  the  exer- 
cises in  the  book  until  he  has  mastered  all  the  principles. 
In  the  words  illustrating  each  principle  all  necessary 
vocalization  and  the  unusual  directions  of  strokes  have 
been  indicated.  Under  Abbreviation  and  Phrasing, 
the  forms  given  are  thoroughly  tested  ones,  and  may  be 
safely  adopted  by  the  student. 

Frequent  references  are  made  in  the  word  lists  to  the 
rules  relating  to  the  formation  of  difficult  outlines,  and 
the  paragraphs  named  should  always  be  referred  to  so 
that  the  student  may  be  saved  from  making  and  repeat- 
ing common  errors. 

After  the  explanation  of  each  new  principle,  a  read- 
ing exercise  is  given,  to  familiarize  the  student  with  the 


VIII  INTRODUCTION 

forms  before  he  is  required  to  write  them.  The  key  to 
these  reading  exercises  at  the  end  of  the  book  should  be 
referred  to  only  after  reading  (or  attempting  to  read) 
each"  outline. 

The  alphabetical  list  at  the  end  of  the  book  contains 
the  words  which  are  abbreviated  or  written  in  position. 
This  is  intended  for  reference  when  a  word-form  or  its 
position  is  forgotten,  and  for  review. 

The  markings  for  letters  used  are  those  employed  in 
Webster's  Dictionary.  The  student  should,  in  the  study 
hour,  refer  to  the  dictionary  for  the  pronunciation,  spell- 
ing and  meaning  of  words  which  are  new  to  him.  The 
knowledge  of  words  and  their  uses  is  all-important  to 
the  stenographer,  and  every  opportunity  should  be  im- 
proved by  which  he  can  enlarge  his  knowledge  of  the 
language. 

DIRECTIONS    FOR    STUDY. 

Preparation. 

1.  Read    carefully    every   instruction,   including    the 
notes. 

2.  Copy  many  times  the  signs  illustrating  the  princi- 
ples, observing  every  particularity  of  form,  and  naming 
each  sign  as  written. 

3.  Read  the  outlines  in  the  reading  exercises,  refer- 
ring to  the  key  to  test  the  accuracy  of  the  reading.     Re- 
peat the  exercises  until  all  the  outlines  can  be  quickly 
read  without  the  aid  of  the  key. 

4.  Practice   writing   the  words   in   the   reading  key, 
testing  the  correctness  of  the  work  by  referring  to  the 
outlines  in  the  reading  exercise. 

5.  Write  the  word  and  phrase  lists,  and  submit  them 
for  examination. 


INTRODUCTION  IX 

Exercise. 

6.  Write  and  read    alternately  the  corrected    list  of 
words  and  phrases,  taking  one  list  at  a  time,  and  repeat 
until  the  exercise  becomes  easy. 

7.  Write  the  writing  exercise   and  read  it  from  the 
shorthand.      Correct  errors  discovered,  or  rewrite,  and 
submit  the  work  for  examination. 

Practice. 

8.  Practice  the   corrected  exercise,  writing  each  sen- 
tence at  first  slowly  and  carefully,  then  more  and  more 
rapidly,  reading  often  to  test  the  legibility  of  the  writ- 
ing.     The  whole  exercise  should  then  be  written   many 
times,  and  read. 

9.  Write  the  review  exercise  belonging  to  the  lesson 
and   read   or    transcribe   it.      When   corrected,   practice 
writing  and  reading  every  sentence  containing  a  correc- 
tion.     Practice  the  whole  until  it  can  be  easily  written 
from  dictation,  and  quickly  and  accurately  read. 

>'of  e  1.  The  student  should  in  each  interval  for  study  make 
preparation  on  a  new  lesson,  write  an  exercise,  and  practice 
writing  and  reading  preceding  exercises  and  reviews,  and  the 
words  in  the  reading  key. 

Note  2.  The  lists  of  words,  abbreviations  and  phrases  are 
most  easily  learned  by  alternately  writing  and  reading.  When 
the  same  word  appears  under  more  than  one  principle,  the  stu- 
dent is  free  to  adopt  the  mode  of  writing  it  which  he  may  prefer. 

Noto  8.  Remember  that  labor  is  lightened  by  patient  and 
thorough  practice  at  each  stage  of  progress. 

Explanations. 

The  following  signs  are  used  to  indicate  the  manner 
of  writing  words : 

i .  Capital  letters  signify  strokes — two  close  together 
indicating  one  stroke. 


y.  INTRODUCTION 

2.  Small   letters   signify  brief  signs,  or  modifications 
of  strokes  as  to  hooks  or  lengths. 

3.  The   hyphen  indicates  that  the  parts  represented 
by  the  letters  or  groups  so  connected  are  to  be  joined. 

4.  The  colon  indicates   a  small  space  between   the 
parts. 

5.  The  cross  signifies  that  the  sign  following  it  is  to 
be  written  across  that  preceding  it. 

6.  The  period  indicates  a  dot,  for  con-  or  -ing. 

7.  Italic  letters  for  diphthongs,  or  coalescents,  indi- 
cate that  their  signs  are  to  be  written  ;   vowels  to  be 
written  have  the  diacritical  markings. 

8.  The  figures  1,2,  and  3,  placed  after  words  or  let- 
ters, indicate  the  first,  second,  and  third  positions,  re- 
spectively. 

9.  R,  L,  or  SH  (heavy)  indicates  the  unusual  direction 
of  the  stroke. 

10.  The   enclosing  of   a  part  of   a  phrase  in  paren- 
theses indicates  that  that  part  is  to  be  omitted  in  writing 
the  phrase-outline. 

ri.  Between  words,  the  hyphen  indicates  a  phrase- 
outline;  between  syllables  it  (i)  suggests  the  best  short- 
hand form;  (2)  shows  that  two. or  more  forms  of  the 
word  have  the  same  outline. 

12.  Poid.  toid,  etc.  indicate  small   dashes  or  ticks  in 
the  direction  of  p,  t,  etc.,  respectively. 

13.  References  by  numbers  alone  are  to  paragraphs. 


CONSONANTS 


SIGN. 

DIRECTION. 

NAME. 

SOUND. 

LETTER. 

\ 

downward 

pe 

/ay 

P 

\ 

« 

be 

B 

1 

" 

te 

/ea 

T 

1 

4  1 

de 

a?ay 

D 

/ 

11 

chay 

che\v 

CH 

/ 

k( 

jay 

J°J 

J 



left  to  right 

kay 

key 

K 



" 

gay 

g*y 

G  (hard) 

v_ 

downward 

ef 

yay 

F 

V. 

u 

ve 

view 

V 

( 

u 

ith 

myth 

TH 

( 

(t 

the 

the 

DH 

) 

u 

es 

see 

S 

) 

" 

ze 

*eal 

z 

•j 

L  upward 

is/i 
shay 

show  "1 
fij//    J 

SH 

j 

downward 

zhe 

azure 

ZH 

r 

/upward 
L  down  ward 

lay 
el 

/ay     1 
fue/    J 

L 

x-> 

left  to  right 

em 

way 

M 

v_ 

" 

en 

wo 

N 

<^ 

u 

ing 

si//^" 

NG 

/ 

upward 

ray 

ray     ^ 

R 

IN 

downward 

ar 

far     J 

-> 

" 

•way 

tray 

W 

r 

" 

yay 

_yea 

Y 

-X 

upward 

hay 

>^ay 

H 

Note.—  All  names  which  are  different  from  those  in  the  ordi- 
nary longhand  or  printed  alphabet  are  italicized  above.  The 
ordinary  names  for  these  letters  must  never  be  used,  as  they 
are  unsuggestive  or  misleading. 


CONTENTS 


SIMPLE   SIGNS 

PAGE 

Consonant  Signs  and  Word  Outlines i 

Abbreviation g 

Phrasing 10 

Con-,  -Ing  and  Emp 13 

Vowels  i j  5 

Diphthongs 24 

Position  for  Consonant  Signs 27 

Vowel  and  Consonant  Combinations 32 

I-Phrases 35 

The-  and  A-Phrases 37 

Upward  and  Downward  Strokes  for  L,  R,  and  SH 40 

Conflicting  Words 50 

BRIEF   SIGNS 

The  Small  Circle,  Iss 55 

The  Large  Circle,  Ses 68 

The  Small  Loop,  Steh 72 

The  Circle  for  st 75 

The  Large  Loop,  Ster 75 

Semicircles — W  and  Y 78 

Semicircles  in  Vowel  Positions 82 

Enlarged  Semicircles 86 

Brief  Signs  for  H ' 89 

Use  of  Strokes  for  Consonants  having  Brief  Signs 92 

Conflicting  Words 97 

LENGTHS 

Half-Lengths 103 

Use  of  Strokes  for  T  and  D 117 

The  -Ed-Tick 117 

xiii 


XIV  CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Double  Lengths 121 

The  -Ther-Tick 125 

Conflicting  Words 128 

INITIAL   HOOKS 

L-Hook 135 

R-Hook 142 

Intermediate  Vowels 155 

In-Hook 165 

Wide  Initial  Hooks 168 

Use  of  Strokes  for  L  and  R 172 

Conflicting  Words 175 

FINAL    HOOKS 

N-Hook 183 

F-Hook 217 

Use  of  Strokes  for  N  and  F 226 

Shon-Hook 229 

Eshon-Hook 241 

Tiv-Hook 245 

Conflicting  Words 249 

PREFIX   AND   AFFIX   SIGNS 

Prefix  Signs 257 

Affix  Signs 267 

PRINCIPLES,   EXPEDIENTS   AND  TECHNICAL   LANGUAGE. 

General  Review  of  Difficult  Principles 279 

Principles  of  Abbreviation 282 

Punctuation  and  Other  Marks 293 

Reporting  Expedients 297 

Technical  Language    301 

Law 304 

Religion 312 

Key  to  Reading  Exercises 32° 

Abbreviation  and  Position,  Alphabetical  List 345 


SIMPLE  SIGNS 

FOR 

CONSONANT  AND  VOWEL  SOUNDS 

LESSONS  I— XXVII 


LESSON  I 
Consonant  Signs,  First  Grpup 

1.  The  principles  taught  in  these  lessons  are  based 
upon  the    sounds  and  the  natural  groupings  of  sounds 
heard  in  the  spoken  language.     Each  sign,  or  modifica- 
tion of  a  sign,  represents  a  sound.     Silent  letters  are  not 
represented.      Words    should    be    analyzed    by   sound, 
thus:  rough,  r-u-f.     The  signs  for  the  consonant  sounds 
are  straight  and  curved  lines  written  in  different  direc- 
tions, about  one-sixth  of  an  inch  in  length.     The  follow- 
ing diagrams  show  the  strokes  which       f^\     r\/\ 

are   employed   and  'their   directions:      xjx      X_y 

The  curves,  as  well  as  the  straight  lines,  are  described 
as  vertical,  horizontal  or  inclined,  according  to  their  gen- 
eral direction. 

2.  The  signs  in  the  first  and  second  lessons  are  placed 
in  pairs,  because  those  in  each  pair  represent  sounds 
made  with  the  organs  of  speech  in  the  same  position, 
the  difference  being  that  the  light  sign  represents  a  whis- 
pered sound  and  the  heavy  sign  a  vocal  sound. 

3.  First  group. 

Note. — In  practice,  attention  is  required  to  the  position,  di- 
rection, shading,  and  length  of  each  sign.  The  sign  should  be 
named  as  it  is  written.  Note  especially  the  italicized  names. 

SIGN.  DIRECTION.  SOUND.  NAME. 

\\  Downward  p  b  pe  be 

||  "  t  d  te  de 

"  ch  j  chay  jay 

—        Left  to  right  k  g  kay  gay 


2  SIMPLE    SIGNS 

4.  Consonant  signs  are  joined  to  form  word-outlines 
by  commencing  each  following  sign  where  the  preceding 

one  ends,  without  lifting  the  pen,  thus:  — U—  -  tobacco. 

5.  The  first  vertical  or  slanting  stroke  should  rest  on 

the  line  thus:  — ^ — L_  •  but  when  N  or  XG  follows  a 

down  stroke  or  M,  the  latter  should  end  just  before 
reaching  the  line,  so  that  the  curve  may  rest  on  the  line, 
thus: 

V  .  V 

Exercise  I. 

Name  the  strokes  in  each  outline,  then  give  their 
sounds,  and  think  of  some  word  for  which  the  outline 
may  stand.  The  words  in  Reading  Key  i  for  these  out- 
lines, are  legible  without  vowels. 

\\  A  III!      //. 


Copy  many  times,  naming  the  strokes  and  then  the  word. 

Write  the  following  words  once  carefully,   referring 
to  paragraphs  4  and  5.      After  correction  practice  many 
times, 
deep 
cheap 
duty 
back 
Peck 
Beck 

6.    Words  having  but  one  consonant  are,  of  course,, 
represented  by  one  stroke : 

be         do         go         up         it         day          pay 

Xote. —  Wand  Y at  the  end  of  words  are  not  consonants,  and 
are  therefore  not  written  in  such  words  as  day  and  pay  above. 


de-pe 

teach 

te-chay 

check 

chav-kay 

chay-pe 

beauty 

be-te 

book 

be-kay 

de-te 

take 

te-kay 

beg 

be-gay 

be-kay 

pipe 

pe-pe 

cake 

kay-kay 

pe-kay 

pity 

pe-te 

dig 

de-gay 

be-kay 

Dick 

de-kay 

Jack 

jay-kav 

SIMPLE    SIGNS  3 

7.  The  sign  of  capitalization,   =     ,  is  usually  placed 
under  proper  names. 

8.  For  a  period,    *     or      /    is  used. 

Exercise  2. 

Note. — Only  words  legible  without  vocalization  are  given  in 
the  first  few  writing  exercises,  the  vowels  being  introduced 
later.  For  example,  the  name  "Carrie"  (kay-ray)  is  clear  with- 
out vowels,  while  "Cora"  needs  the  o,  and  does  not  appear  in 
the  exercises  until  after  the  vowels  are  given. 

Dig  deep.  Go  back.  Teach  Beck.  Do  pity  Dick. 
Peck  took  it.  Do  take  it  back.  Jack,  do  pay  it  up. 


LESSON  II 
Consonant  Signs,  Second  Group 

9.  Second  Group.      (See  2,  and  3,  note.) 

SIGN.          DIRECTION.  SOUND.  NAME. 

V    \^       downward  f         v  ef         ve 

/    (  th        dh  it/i       dhe 

\     \  s          z  es         ze 

J  J  "  sh        zh  ish      zhe 

Note. — The  zh  is  sounded  like  the  z  in  azure. 

10.  The  inclined  curves  slant  as  if  from  one  corner 
of  a  square  to  the  corner  diagonally  opposite. 

Exercise  j. 
Read  and  copy  many  times. 


. 


SIMPLE    SIGNS 


See  4  and  5.     (All  references  unless  otherwise  indi- 


cated are  to  paragraphs.) 


faith 


ef-ith 


ask 


es-kay       ship         ish-pe 


push 
fife 

pe-ish 
ef-ef 

aside 
shake 

es-de 
ish-kay 

path 
both 

pe-ith 

be-ith 

shop 
thieve 

ish-pe 
ith-ve 

death        de-ith         shove     ish-ve        Fido        ef-de 

thick         ith-kay 

thief          ith-ef 

shadow    ish-de 

sheathe    ish-dhe 

See  6  and  note. 

they  so  say  saw  show 

Exercise  4. 

They  dig  deep.  They  take  back  both.  They  push 
Fido  aside.  They  show  Dick  both  sheep.  So  they 
shove  it  aside.  They  saw  Jack  ship  it. 


LESSON  III 

Consonant  Signs,  Third  Group 

n.     Third     Group.      (See    3,    note.)     Note    which 
strokes  are  upward. 

SIGX.  DIRECTION.  SOUXD.  NAME. 


upward 

1 

lay 

left  to  right 

in 

em 

(i 

n 

en 

1  1 

"g 

ing 

upward 

r 

ray 

~x  downward  w  way 

f  "  y  yay 

S'  upward  h  ha\ 

Note. — Observe  that  ray  slants  more  than  chay,  and  is  made 
upward,  while  chay  is  made  downward. 


SIMPLE    SIGNS 


12.    Outlines  may  have  three  or  more  strokes;    care 
must  be  taken  to  make  them  of  equal  length.    (See  5.) 

Exercise  j. 


KL 


1 

Laura 

( 

lay-ray 

ring 

V 

ray-ing 

/ 
jury 

jay-ray 

lily 

lay-lay 

like 

lay-kay 

Dora 

de-ray 

name 

en-em 

below 

be-lay 

Elihu 

lay-hay 

Mary 

em-ray 

Tom 

te-em 

Omaha 

em-hay 

delay 

de-lay 

rich 

ray-chay 

(See 

5) 

lady 

lay-de 

Jiily 

jay-lay 

China 

ch  ay-en 

Julia 

jay-lay 

live 

lay-ve 

avenue 

ve-en 

life 

lay-ef 

Louis 

lay-es 

among 

em-ing 

make 

em-kay 

also 

lay-es 

money 

em-en 

See 

6  and  note. 

no          may 
See  12. 


way 


hay 


Ohio 


are 


memory     bishop      revive       Timothy     potato 
rebuke        botany      variety      chimney      namely 
vivify         readily     Toledo     revenue       period 

13.    See  7  and  8;   if  other  marks  are  needed,  those 
in  use  in  ordinary  writing  may  be  employed. 


6  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

14.  Figures  are  used  to  represent  numbers,  except 
for  one  when  alone. 

15.  For  4th,  i5th,  etc.,  the  figures  alone  are  usually 
sufficient ;   the  .TH  stroke  may,  however,  be  placed  close 
to  the  number,  beginning  a  little  above  it. 

1 6.  For  dates  in  the  present  century,   the  first  two 
figures  indicating  the  year  may  be  omitted  in  the  short- 
hand. 

Exercise  6. 

Laura  may  like  it  also.  Nora  saw  no  thief.  Louis 
may  take  five  sheep.  Dora  may  teach  Julia.  Tom  may 
make  no  chimney.  Timothy  may  rebuke  Elihu.  Dep- 
uty King  may  take  it.  Mary  may  ask  no  fourth  check. 
Jennie  may  go  into  Ohio. 


LESSON  IV 
Combinations  Requiring  Special  Care 

17.  When  a  horizontal  sign  beginning  an  outline  is 
followed  by  a  downward  stroke,  the  first  sign  must  be 
written  above  the  line  (see  5). 

keep  mouth  month  inferior 

move  map  Anthony       monotony 

inch  meadow  infamy  monopoly 

into  mob  kodak  .  monetary 

18.  A  consonant  or  group  of  consonants  having  more 
than  one  sound  must  be  represented  in  shorthand  by  the 
stroke  which  indicates  its  sound  in  the  particular  word 
to  be  written. 


SIMPLE     SIGNS 


C  hard  is  written  A': 
come  mimic 

cake  victim 

comic  factory 

become          Jacob 

C  soft  is  written  6": 
Lacey  juicy 

C  is  often  sounded  like 
oceanic  Phoenicia 

D  sounded  as  T: 

liked  looked 

G  hard  is  written  ^v/r: 

game  demagogue 

peg       •          enigma 
keg  fatigue 

G  soft  is  written  J: 

gem  damage 

page  refuge 

cage  package 

G  sounded  as  ZH: 
rouge  regime 

N  is  sounded  as  ^VG  before 
bank  chink 

tank  shank 

pink  kink 

S  sounded  as  Z: 

busy  daisy 

S  sounded  as  SH  or  ZH: 
nausea  Russia 

CH  sounded  as  K: 
chyme  chemic 


(See  17) 
infect 
cash 
academy 

Macy  (17) 


invoked 

(See  17)     navigate 
gaiety 


Gothic         gaudy 

agency         (I7)  manage 

avenge        magic 

gypsy          engage  (X-G-J) 

menagerie 

K  and  sometimes  before  G: 

rank  Kankakee 

rink  Congo 

mink  kangaroo 

easily  cosy 

Aspasia 

conch  chaos  (17) 


SIMPLE     SIGNS 


8 


CH  sounded  as 

Chicago         charade         chateau       chapeau 

Gh  or  Ph  sounded  as  F\ 

enough          rough  laugh  nymph 

X  sounded  K-S : 

foxy  Dixie 

X  sounded  as  Z : 

Xenia 

19.  Double  consonants  which  are  sounded  as  one  are 
represented  by  one  sign. 

Harry  borrow  valley  Rebecca 

Jessie  affect(ef-kay-te)  arrange  Bessie 

narrow  effect  baggage  Kelly 

Fannie  Jennie  penny  cabbage 

20.  Letters  not  sounded  in  pronunciation  are  omitted 
in  writing. 

Hannah  wrong  right  Matthew 

know  mighty  write  knock 

thorough  knife  jlld»e  pneumonia 

catch  fetch  thumb  talk 

Exercise  7. 


21.    In  shorthand  the  period  is  usually  sufficient  after 
a  question. 


SIMPLE     SIGNS  9 

Exercise  8. 

Jennie  may  move  into  Chicago.  Harry  may  engage 
Matthew.  Make  Jacob  borrow  enough  cash.  Fannie 
may  carry  no  baggage.  May  Judge  Kelly  be  right? 
Carrie  may  do  Hannah  no  wrong.  Laura  may  pay 
enough  money  into  bank.  May  Tom  be  thorough 
enough?  Busy  Nannie  may  easily  damage  it.  Louis 
may  readily  keep  Perry  busy. 


LESSON  V 
Abbreviation 

22.  For  greater  brevity  of  writing,  many  common 
words  are  represented  by  only  one  of  the  signs  indicat- 
ing their  sounds. 

(Capital  letters  signify  strokes — two  close  together  indicating 
one  stroke.  DH  indicates  the  shaded  sign.  Study  the  list  of 
words  by  alternately  writing  and  reading.) 

advantage  J  have  V  together  G 

along,  long  NG  him  M  was  Z 

change-d  CH  shall  SH  which  CH 

company  K  them  DH  will  L 

for  F  think  TH  your  Y 

Note. — Be  careful  to  make  "will"  upward  and  light,  and 
"your"  downward  and  shaded. 

Exercise  g. 


IO  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

Exercise  10. 

(Words  which  have  not  been  given  in  any  of  the  lists  are  to 
be  written  in  full  as  to  consonant  sounds.) 

Mary  will  fetch  your  knife.  Which  agency  will  your 
company  engage  ?  Will  Lillie  have  no  advantage  ?  Will 
Hannah  be  husy  long?  Louis  saw  them  go  along  Lake 
avenue  together.  Jessie  may  think  him  wrong.  Edith 
shall  make  change  for  Kelly.  Which  map  was  for  Car- 
rie? Have  your  check  changed  into  cash. 
REVIEW. 

Timothy  will  arrange  for  variety  enough.  Your  com- 
pany will  engage  him.  Judge  Denny  will  leave  May- 
hew  no  revenue.  WTill  your  Toledo  factory  have  no 
monopoly?  Was  your  name  beneath  it?  Matthew  will 
take  no  inferior  rank  among  them.  Your  ship  will  reach 
Lake  Ontario  July  15.  Jack  will  think  your  Tennessee 
company  Iqoked  into  it.  Both  together  shall  check  up 
your  cash  book.  Have  them  take,  him  along. 


LESSON  VI 
Phrasing 

23.  The    signs    for  two  or   more  words  which   fre- 
quently occur  together  in  speech,  may  be  joined  to  form 
a  phrase  sign,  provided  the  junction  is  easy.     This  adds 
to  legibility  as  well  as  to  speed. 

Note. — No  phrase  outlines  should  be  used  at  present,  except- 
ing those  given  in  the  phrase  lists. 

24.  The  first  word  of  a  phrase  outline  should  be  placed 
in  its  proper  position,  thus:      — ^—       shall  be;     -*=* 

may  they. 

Note.— Paragraph  5  is  not  contradictory  to  this.     That  rule 
applies  to  words  ;  this  to  phrases. 


SIMPLE     SIGNS 

11 

Exercise  n. 

^d 

|_A_l_l 

.-X-Aj-A 

V.  U  L     ) 

(      1     ( 

i           ^v)\ 

J  ( 

LJ     ( 

)    /.  //\ 

Xt 

v 

C        )  y 

) 

ci 

have  it 

for  them 

for  him 

for  it 

will  be 

they  shall 

was  it 

shall  be 

for  which 

are  they 

shall  have 

they  say 

do  they 

they  have 

for  your 

have  they 

which  may 

it  was 

may  they 

it  may 

which  was 

will  they 

it  may  have 

they  may 

Note. —  Lists  of  words  and  phrases  are  most  easily  learned  by 
alternately  writing  and  reading. 

Exercise  12, 
Note. — Hyphens  between  words  indicate  phrased  outlines. 

They-may  ask  for-it.  They-say  they-have  no  book 
\vhich-may-do  for-him.  Will-they  pay  for-your  hay? 
Are-they  ready  for-them?  Do-they  have-your  fife? 
Was-it  your  baggage  for-which  they  came?  It-may- 
have  become  rough.  May-they  say  your  cash  shall-be 
ready?  It-was  your  map  which-was  wrong.  They- 
shnll  have-it  changed.  Both  shall-have  depth  enough. 
Have-they  no  faith  ?  No  refuge  will-be  ready. 

REVIEW. 

Do-they  sav  it-may  revive  your  memory  ?  They-think 
it-was  no  advantage,  for-your  theory  was  wrong.  Your 
company  mav-have  him  ship  pipe  into  Omaha  for-them. 
They-say  Judge  Wright  shall-have  no  advantage  which- 
mav  delay  them.  They-have  long  looked  for-it  together. 
Was-it  your  factory  below  Chicago?  Your  name  shall- 
be  among  them.  No  mob  will  keep  together  long. 


12 


SIMPLE     SIGN'S 


LESSON  VII 
Abbreviation — Two  or  More  Strokes 

25.  Some  common  words  whose  full  outlines  are 
long,  are  represented  by  two  or  more  only  of  the  signs 
which  indicate  their  sounds. 


Note. — The  hyphen  indicates  the  joining  of  strokes. 

management  M-N-J 
manufacture  M-N-F 
engagement  N-G-J 

New  Hampshire  N-H 
knowledge  N-J 


before 

public 

publish 

publisher 

January 

advantageous-ly 

acknowledgement 

February 

forever 

familiar-ly-ity 

especial-ly 

help 

legislature 


B-F 

P-B 

P-B 

P-B-R 

J-N 

J-s 

K-J 

F-B 

F-V 

F-M 

S-P 

L-P 


neglect 

never 

New  York 

nothing 

November 

English 

represent 

arrangement 


N-G 

X-V 

N-Y 

X-TH 

N-V 

NG-SH 

R-P 

R-X-J 


Exercise 


Exercise  14. 

Will    Harry   represent    your    New   York    publisher? 
Will  Jack  never  have  enough  knowledge?      Matthew 


SIMPLE     SIGNS  13 

will  help  him  manufacture  them.  Will  your  advanta- 
geous New  Hampshire  arrangement  become  public  be- 
fore February?  Will  your  English  company  make  no 
engagement  before  January  ?  They  never  will  acknowl- 
edge it.  Will  your  legislature  forever  neglect  your  man- 
agement ?  They-may  publish  nothing  before  November. 
Your  name  was  especially  familiar. 

REVIEW. 

Note. — To  prepare  for  any  review  exercise,  the  words,  abbre- 
viations and  phrases  of  the  lesson  containing  it  should  be  well 
learned,  and  the  italicized  words,  which  are  abbreviations  from 
preceding  lessons,  should  be  practiced.  All  abbreviations  may 
be  found  in  the  alphabetical  list  at  the  end  of  the  book. 

No  English  jury  tvill  judge  him  your  victim.  Bishop 
Mayhew  shall  deny  your  management  no  advantage, 
Anthony  shall  help  him  avenge  your  wrong.  They-say 
magic  will  effect  nothing.  Your  management  may 
change  mutiny  into  victory.  Are-they  especially  liked 
among  them?  Ask  him  for-iuhich  agency  they-shall 
manufacture.  Will-they  look  for-them  along  no  famil- 
iar avenue  ?  They  acknowledge  it-was  your  manage- 
ment which-was  changed  so  advantageously.  They-may 
make  no  public  acknowledgment. 


LESSON  VIII 
Abbreviation — Con-  and  -ing;  Emp. 

26.  A  dot  at  the  beginning  of  an  outline  represents 
the  prefix  con-  or  com-  (double  n  or  m  being  counted  as 
one  letter),  thus: 

V^  convey  con-demn  con-tinue 

commit  comm-unity         comm-entary 


14  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

27.  A  dot  at  the  end  of   an  outline   represents  the 
affix  -ing,  thus  : 

paying  \        having  V.         coming     -  "~^- 
taking                 helping  writing 

moving  willing  judging 

saying  doing  representing 

28.  Shading  M  adds  p  or  b.    The  name  of  the  shaded 
]\f  \sem-p;   its  sign  is  MP.     Example:    \,  —  s       pump 

jump  camp  lamp  damp 

Abbreviation  —  may  be,  MP. 

Phrasing  —  it  may  be,  they  may  be,  which  may  be. 

Exercise  75. 


Exercise  16. 

No  committee  may-be  ready.  They-may  condemn 
him  for  saying  it.  Mary  may  continue  writing.  Jessie 
was  carrying  "your  lamp.  Harry  may-be  going  into 
camp  before  November.  They-have  no  pump.  Louis 
may-be  judging  nothing  rightly.  Have-they  no  rope 
which-may-be  long  enough?  It-may-be  no  familiar  ar- 
rangement. They-may-be  neglecting  your  community. 

REVIEW. 

Your  knowledge  may-be  helping  your  publisher. 
Neglect  nothing  ivhich-ma.y-be  for-youv  advantage. 
Fannie  may-be  leaving  New  York  before  February. 
No  legislature  will  condemn  your  management.  Thev- 
mnv-be  acknowledging  no  public  engagement.  No 
New  Hampshire  jury  will  convict  him.  Your  commit- 
tee may  continue  asking  for-your  acknowledgment. 


SIMPLE     SIGNS  15 

They-think  it-may-be  moving  along  your  avenue. 
Thev-think  your  memory  will  reach  back  into  no  period 
before  your  shipwreck.  They  continue  moving  along 
your  familiar  valley  road. 


LESSON  IX 
Vowels 

29.  Vowel  sounds  are  represented  by  heavy  and  light 
dots  and  dashes  placed  in  three  positions  beside  the  con- 
sonant signs.      Each  sign  in  a  given  position  represents 
but  one  sound.      The  sound  of  each  vowel  is  also   its 
name. 

30.  The  stroke  T  is  used  in  the  following  table  to 
show  the  placing  of  the  vowels  ;   they  are  placed  beside 
all  the  other  consonants  in  the  same  manner. 

Note.  —  The  vowel  signs  given  in  this  and  following  lessons 
are  all  that  are  needed  in  practical  use,  because  the  other  sounds 
resemble  those  given  so  nearly  as  to  be  represented  with  suffi- 
cient clearness  by  the  same  signs.  For  example,  in  ask  the  a 
can  be  represented  by  d  ;  \nfir,  term  and  urn  the  vowel  can  be 
represented  by  a  ;  in  fair  the  a  can  be  represented  by  a,  etc. 
The  markings  of  letters  are  those  used  in  Webster's  Dictionary,, 

VOWEL    TABLE. 

i  st  position.        2d  position.         jd  position. 

long       I'  I    _ 

(heavy)    I   e  as  in  iee    I    a  as  m  may    !•  a  as  in  alms 


short      1  .  J'  I   w 

(light)     I  !•  as  in  lt:      I   e  as  in  egg    -I  a  as  in  at 


.           long      i-                       i'  _  I 

o        (heavy)    |   a  as  in  all     |-  o  as  in  go  |_  oo  as  in  coo 

short    -i    c                      i  i 

(light)     I   o  as  in  of   ~j   ii  as  in  up  _|  do  as  in  book 


1  6  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

31.  Dash  vowel  directions: 

Dash  vowels  are  struck  at  right  angles  to  the  part  of 
the  consonant  stroke  beside  which  they  are  placed,  thus: 

£   v*    E 

Note.  —  In  reading  the  following  words,  be  careful  to  give 
each  vowel  sign  the  exact  sound  shown  for  it  in  the  vowel  ta- 
ble. Copy  each  line  many  times,  naming  each  stroke  and  vowel 
and  then  naming  the  word.  Refer  to  the  table  constantly^  It 
is  not  necessary  to  memorize  the  vowels  at  this  point. 

32.  Vowel  positions: 

a.    First  position  is  at  the  beginning  of  the  stroke. 


b.  Second  position  is  at  the  middle  of  the  stroke. 

f\—^\/    >LA    S~J\  ^/ 

^    I  \  -  ;  -  '       x    X  /  -  •—       I       I  --  •*  X^-  -  x  I  ^/^          \   -  '      -v   S 

c.  Third  position  is  at  the  end  of  the  stroke. 


33.     Vowel  relations: 

a.    Before  a  consonant  is  at  the  left  of  a  vertical  or 
slanting  stroke,  or  above  a  horizontal. 

"<_A  ^-(  X  .  ..  0 


b.    After  a  consonant  is  at  the  right  of  a  vertical  or 
slanting  stroke,  or  below  a  horizontal. 

=  '       i 

34.     Rules  for  the  placing  of  vowels  between  strokes  : 
a.    All  first-place  vowels  are  written  after  the  first 
stroke . 


SIMPLE     SIGNS 


b.    Second-place  vowels: 

The  long  ones,  a  and  o,  are  written  after  the  first 
stroke. 


The  short  ones,  e  and  ii,  are  written  before  the 
second  stroke. 


c.    All  third-place  vowels  are  written  before  the  sec- 
ond stroke. 


LESSON  X 
First  Place  Dot  Vowels 

Exercise  17. 


:z 


Note. — Where  two  or  more  vowels  occur,  the  accented  one 
is  usually  sufficient.  In  cases  where  an  unaccented  vowel  is 
needed,  the  fact  is  indicated  in  the  lists  by  the  diacritical 
markings  or  italicizing. 

(33«) 

Eva 


ill 
inn 
eat 
easy 

TAYLOR — 2. 


(34«) 
tea  teach  Millie 

key  ditch  deep 

fee  theme  dip 

Lee  thick  team 

sea  Amelia  dim 


1 8  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

ABBREVIATION. 

the, — (the  e  dot,  written  alone). 

Exercise  18. 
Note. — Place  vowels  only  where  needed  for  legibility. 

The  thief  will  keep  the  key.  Lizzie  will  leave  Italy 
before  Lee.  Teaching  was  easy  for  Milly.  Enoch  will 
deem  it  cheap  enough.  Edith  will  say  the  ink  was  dim. 
Minnie  will  ring  for-your  tea.  The  team  was  going 
along  before  Dick.  Eva  never  was  ill.  The  ship  was 
going  into  deep  sea. 

REVIEW. 

Dick  will  ship  the  image  January  4tli.  Lillie  -was 
leaving  Italy  forever.  The  Kankakee  Company  will 
keep  the  committee  busy.  The  enigma  was  easv  for 
Kittie.  The  king  will  pity  the  living.  Jim  will  make 
no  advantageous  arrangement  for  digging  your  ditch. 
The  Xenia  Company  will  never  publish  it.  Lizzie  may 
keep  the  pink  lily.  Timothy  may  think  they  mimic 
him.  Eva  saw  Millie  pick  up  the  ring. 


LESSON  XI 

Second-Place  Dot  Vowels 
Exercise  ig. 


SIMPLE     SIGNS  19 

(33«)          (33^)  (34*) 

aid  day  Beck  merry 

age  hay  rake  lame 

aim  pay  wreck  Lem 

ale  gay  Carey  Lacey 

ache  weigh  bake  lessee 

ABBREVIATION. 

.     a  or  an, — (the  a  clot,  written  alone). 
Exercise  20. 

Ed  will  weigh  the  hay.  Amy  will  bake  a  cake  for 
May.  Beck  will-have  no  aim.  Denny  wiil  empty  the 
keg.  Emily  was  begging  Lettie  for-it.  Denny  may 
envy  Kelly  the  fame.  Lacey  may  become  the  lessee. 
A  wreck  may  delay  them.  Bessie  will  pick  a  red  daisy 
for  Mamie. 

REVIEW. 

Edna  may  show  Effie  the  essay  which  Macy  will  pub- 
lish. An  enemy  may  make  them  vacate  before  January. 
It  may-be  page  90  will  show  Ray  the  death  rate.  A  New 
fork  publisher  will  engage  Jacob.  Emily  vVill  lay  the 
English  penny  beneath  your  check.  Which  way  was 
Jamie  going 'along  Lake  Geneva  ?  They  name  a  famil- 
iar New  Hampshire  agency  which-may  especially  rep- 
resent them.  Amy  will  forever  think  begging  a  shame. 


20 


SIMPLE     SIGNS 


LESSON  XII 

Third-Place  Dot  Vowels 
Exercise  21. 


(33«) 

(33*) 

(340 

Adam 

pa 

calm               palm 

add 

ma 

camp              attach 

acid 

Anna 

back               Cassie 

atom 

papa 

lack                Maggie 

attic 

mamma 

Mattie            lamp 

ABBREVIATION. 

-         and, — (the  a  dot,  written  alone). 

Exercise  22. 

Mamma  will  calm  Cassie.  Anna  will  take  Maggie 
the  big  palm.  Fannie  will  add  it  for  papa.  Mattie  and 
Caddie  may  lack  the  cash.  Jack  will  catch  him  and 
fetch  him  back.  Abbie  will  carry  the  lamp.  May 
Addie  go  into  your  attic?  Nannie  will  attach  the  map. 
Adam  and  Emma  may  carry  the  baggage.  Harriet  and 
Hannah  will  show  Harry  the  path. 

REVIEW. 

The  legislature  may-be  condemning  your  asylum  man- 
agement. The. committee  may  think  no  change  advan- 
tageous. It-may-be  Jack  will  represent  an  English 
company.  Wrap  the  lamp  and  leave  it  for  Carrie.  They 


SIMPLE     SIGNS 


21 


acknowledge  it-was  neglect^  and  ask  no  pay.  A  JVe-w 
York  judge  and  jury  may  convict  and  condemn  him. 
They-may-be  conveying  no  commodity  into  Ohio.  The 
New  York  legislature  may  come  together  before  No- 
vember. 


LESSON  XIII 

First-Place  Dash  Vowels 

Exercise  2. 


\  \y*\  i  )'/yTV_  r~/^\  /\  \  A£ 

£V±t        _A    ^>rL^-£TL 

\ 

/ 

= 

x^    C     ^X 

^_^ 

\    ~ 

"~1  —         / 

)  1 

L 

1       = 

(33«) 

(33-5) 

(34« 

) 

awl 

thaw 

Maudie 

copy 

Olive 

saw 

Johnnie 

talk 

odd 

gnaw 

Raleigh 

lodge 

opera 

raw 

Lottie 

haughty 

off 

law 

'chalk 

top 

ABBREVIATION. 

Note. — Because  of  their  resemblance  to  stroke  consonants, 
the  dashes  have  been  named  according  to  their  direction  :  boid, 
doid,  etc. 


(aw  written  alone  in  different  di- 
rections) boid,  doid,  joid. 


(6  written  alone  in  different  di- 
rections) poid,  toid,  choid. 


Note. — Let  these  signs  be  thoroughly  memorized  (by  alter- 
nately writing  and  reading  in  mixed  order)  before  the  following 
exercise  is  written. 


22  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

Exercise  24, 

May  Johnnie  borrow  your  chalk?  Was  Mauclie  or 
Lottie  taking  botany?  Olive  never  liked  your  haughty 
way.  Will  Raleigh  of  Ithaca  be  your  nominee  ?  Lottie 
will  copy  the  essay  before  lodge.  Will-they  do  all  they 
ought?  Have-they  no  awe  of  Judge  Hawley?  Will- 
they-do  aught  for  Laura?  Do-they  all  like  the  opera? 
They  leave  on  January  15.  Tom  was  asking  for-your 
awl.  (Write  awl  in  full,  not  like  all.) 
REVIEW. 

T\\c\-may-be  all  coming  back  off  the  ship.  The  com- 
mittee may-have  no  especial  awe  of  New  Hampshire 
law.  Do-they  say  aught  of  convicting  him  of  neglect? 
On  knocking  they-saw  the  shop  was  locked.  The  ar- 
rangement will  never  be,  or  will  continue  forever. 
Johnnie  was  .mocking  them  all,  and  never  helping. 
The  management  will  publish  nothing  on  February 
22nd,  or  July  4th.  Tom  saw  it-was  thawing  and 
wrought  busily.  Polly  was  talking  all  for  nothing. 


LESSON  XIV 

Second-Place  Dash  Vowels 

Exercise  2j. 

A.      k^C- 


;k 


(33«) 

"(33*) 

(3V') 

oath 

low 

road              love 

oak 

Joe 

nit                comb 

up 

hoe 

dome            gum 

ode 

foe 

dumb           touch 

opaque 

woe 

loaf              cup 

SIMPLE     SIGNS  23 

ABBREVIATION. 

— L-    oh,  owe — (o  written  alone — like  D,  cloid). 
— l—  but — (ii  written  alone — like  T,  toid). 

Exercise  26. 

Show  Cora  your  big  oak.  Do-they  owe  him  money? 
They  owe  him,  but  will  never  pay.  Will  Nora  make  it 
low  enough  ?  It-was  no  joke  for-them  both.  Rowe  will 
have  all  but  five  ready.  They-have  rung  for-your  cup 
of  coffee.  Oh,  help  them  evade  the  foe! 

REVIEW. 

\\-may-be  Joe  will  take  no  oath.  All  but  three  are 
owing  him  also.  Will-they  be  back,  or  are-they  leav- 
ing him  forever  '?  Oh,  leave  them  all  and  come.  Dora 
•was  going  along  the  road.  They-have  no  awe  of  him. 
Will  the  kodak  be  for  Murray,  or  for  Nora?  The  lake 
was  so  rough.  The  path  may  become  a  public  road. 


LESSON  XV 

Third-Place  Dash  Vowels 

Exercise 


1 

n=x=! 

'•isr 

±3dj 

V 


(33")  (33^)  (34O 

ooze  shoe  move  nook 

oolitic  Lou  push  Booth 

rue  loom  cook 

canoe  look  loop 

do  doom  book 


24  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

ABBREVIATION. 

Note. — Third-place  dashes  used  as  word-signs  are  written  on 
the  line. 

v  too  (oo  written  alone,  like  B,  boid). 

— * —  to  (do  written  alone,  like  P,  poid). 

— i—  who,  whom  (oo  written  alone,  like  J,  joid). 

,  should  (do  written  alone,  like  CH,  choid). 

Exercise  28. 

Booth  will  carry  him  your  shoe.  Who  took  the  canoe  ? 
It-may-be  your  doom  also.  Booth  will  move  your  loom. 
The  cook  will  look  for-them  too.  They  took  the  book  to 
Ruth.  Lou  should  move  to  Chicago.  The  honey  was 
for  whom?  To  whom  should  Ruth  take  your  book? 
Who  ought  to  ask  Lulu  ? 

REVIEW. 

Booth  may  make  no  arrangement  to  represent  them 
before  November.  The  community  may-be  too  busy  to 
think  of  doing  atight  for-him.  O/i,  they  delay  too  long 
to  effect  the  change.  Who  took  the  long  public  road  to 
Kokomo?  Should  all  bzit  Nora  be  gay?  Should  the 
English  publisher  make  no  change  before  November? 
They-may-be  willing  to  represent  him.  To  whom  will 
the  public  owe  it  all  ? 


LESSON   XVI 
Diphthongs 

35.  The  diphthongs  z,  ot,  ow  and  etv  are  represented 
by  the  signs  given  below,  placed  in  the  first  and  third 
positions.  (Observe  that  upon  analysis  I  is  found  to  be 
a  diphthong  composed  of  the  sounds  a'-i). 

|V  |> 

First  position, — I  as  in  tie  |     ;   oi  as  in  toy  | 


SIMPLE     SIGNS 


25 


Third  position, — ow  as  in  bow  \A  ;    ew  as  in  fewV<: 

36.  For  i  beginning  a  word,  the  sign  may  usually  be 
written  first  and  joined  to  the  consonant,  thus:     )  ice. 

37.  Where  two  vowels  are  sounded  before  or  after  a 
single  consonant,  the  one  sounded  nearer  the  consonant 

is  placed  closer  to  the  stroke  than  the  other,   thus:   |~ 
doughy. 

38.  When  two  vowels  come  between  strokes  and  both 
are  written,  one  is  placed  to  each  stroke,  thus:^  Joab. 

39.  When  a  vowel  immediately  follows  a  diphthong, 
its  presence  may  be  indicated  by  a  small  tick  joined  to  the 

diphthong  sign,  thus:  /CH  riot. 

Exercise  2Q. 


(34«) 

type 

life 

knife 

ripe 

lime 

Elijah 


26 


SIMPLE  •  SK.VS 


Dinah  couch  (37)  (3§)  (39)  loyal 

Myra  Downey  Noah  Bowen  Elias  Ryan 

voyage  beauty  payee  poem  Jewess  towel 

(34*:)  Luke  Leo  poet  Maria  Powell 

vouch  duty  showy  Lowell  Josiah  diet 


mouth       assume       dewy 


Boyer        riot 


ABBREVIATION. 


I,  eye,  high,  aye. 

^_     how  (half  the  ow  sign). 

Exercise  jo. 

Isaac  will  carry  the  knife  to  Levi.  I  ask,  Are  your 
eyes  dim?  The  dime  was  lying  beneath  your  muff. 
Ask  Ida  which  item  was  right.  Will  the  boy  Eli  go 
for  oil?  How  will  Elijah  like  the  voyage?  Ought 
Luke  or  I  to  assume  it  ail?  Howe  will  vouch  for-it. 
The  sheep  are  going  into  your  dewy  meadow.  How 
will-they  make  Noah  Jewett  the  payee?  I  took  nothing 
to  Leo  or  Joab.  Maria  and  Julia  liked  nothing  showy. 

REVIEW. 

Will  the  rye  be  ripe  before  July?  How  was  Josiah 
annoying  Powell?  I  take  the  few  sheep  -which  came 
into  view.  Bowen  will  leave  a  life  annuity  to  Ryan.  I 
keep  Elias  loyal  to  New  Hampshire.  Will  Myra  have 
knowledge  enough  to  represent  them  ?  How  will  Hugh 
think  it  your  duty  to  sue  Roy?  The  ivy  may-have  no 
beauty.  Dinah  saw  Levi  catch  an  owl.  Boyer  may 
vow  to  write  the  ode.  The  name  of  poet  was  no  joy  to 
Leo.  Downey  will  tie  the  rope  for  Guy. 


SIMPLE     SIGNS  27 

LESSON  XVII 
Position  for  Consonant  Signs 

40.  Many  common  words  of  like  consonant  outlines 
are  distinguished  from  each   other  without  the   use   of 
vowels,  by  giving  them  different  positions  in  relation  to 
the  line  of  writing. 

Note. — A  space  in  shorthand  is  the  height  of  a  vertical  con- 
sonant-sign. 

41.  The  positions  are  : 

First  position — For  vertical  and  inclined  strokes, 
half  a  space  above  the  line ; 
for  horizontal  strokes,  a  full 
space  above,  thus: 

\ 


Second  position — For  all  strokes,  on  the  line. 

Third  position — For  vertical  or  inclined  strokes, 
through  the  line  ;  for  horizon- 
tal strokes,  just  under  the  line, 
tnus  :  \  I  / ^  I  > 

42.  The  words  to  be  distinguished  are  usually  writ- 
ten in  the  positions  indicated  by  the  vowels,  thus:    see, 
first  position;   say,  second  position;    use,  third  position. 
This  rule  is   nearly  invariable.      A  few  o  and  u  words 
are  given  the  third  position,  and  a  few  e  words  take  the 
first. 

43.  Where  the  words  to  be  distinguished  have  vowels 
of  the  same  position,  preference  is  usually  given  to  the 
long  vowel,   thus:   each,  first  position;    which,  second 
position. 


28  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

44.  In  cases  where  there   is  no  conflict  with  other 
words,   outlines   are   placed   on   the   line   regardless  of 
vowels,  because  that  position  is  the  most  convenient. 
Also,  for  the  same  reason,  the  second  position  is  given 
to  the  commonest  of  several  words  though  none  may 
have    a    second-place    vowel.      Some    second   position 
words  have  already  been  given,  in  Lessons  V  and  VII. 

Note. — The  figures  indicate  positions.  The  period  (as  after 
the  word  common  below)  indicates  the  corn-dot. 

ago  3  each  i  own  3 

allow  3  if  i  see  i 

any  i  in  i  she  I 

at  3  issue  3  .  though  3 

away  3  me  i  us  3 

by,  buy  i  my  i  use  3 

common  (.N)  i  out  3  uge  3 

45.  In  placing  outlines  of  two  or  more  consonants  in 
position,  the  first  vertical  or  inclined  stroke  takes  the  posi- 
tion indicated  for  the  word,  thus:  . 1= 1 

delay  2          duly  3         outlay  3         power  3 

46.  Nearly  all  full  outlines  are  written  on  the  line ; 
they  are  placed  in  the  first  or  third  position  only  when 
it  is  more   convenient  to   distinguish   them  by  position 
than  by  vowels.      Words  of  a  single  horizontal   stroke 
with  first-position  vowels,  may  be  placed  above  the  line 
even  if  the  vowel  is  written.     This  is  not  necessary, 
however. 

In  the  following  lessons,  the  words  which  must  be 
written  in  the  first  or  third  position  are  placed  in  the 
lists  under  Abbreviation  and  Position* 


SIMPLE     SIGNS 


29 


PHRASING. 


See  the  rule  of  position  for  phrases,  paragraph  24. 
Make  all  the  signs  of  equal  length. 


by  which 
if  any 
if  so 


in  your 
in  my 
in  which 


.->- 


Exercise  31. 


Exercise  32. 

Each  company  will  duly  issue  a  check  to  me.  Money 
was  in  common  use  long  ago.  She-was  allowing  him  to 
use  my  book,  in-which  was  my  map.  They  see  no  ad- 
vantage in-it  by-which  they-may  make  money  in-any- 
way.  She  will  pay  for-it,  though  she-may-have  no  use 
for-it.  If-they  own  they-have  any  power,  ask  them  to 
use  it.  It-may  delay  us  if  Bowen  should  take  them 
away  in-your  ship.  Will-they  buy  him  out  in-my  name? 
If-so,  ask  them  to  write  me  at  New  York. 


SIMPLE     SIGNS 


REVIEW. 


Which  engagement,  if-any,  will  Elihu  keep  in  Feb- 
ruary? Allow  them  each  to  see  us  any  day  at  five.  She- 
m ay-go  away  by  seven  on  November  3.  They-have  no 
power  to  carry  out  any.  common  aim.  By-which  path 
should  she  go  to  reach  the  road  to  Dubuque  ?  Though 
she-was  using  my  kno^vledge,  she-was  allowing  me 
nothing  for-it  in-any-way.  They  own  she-was  owing 
Matthew  long  ago.  Will-they  have  power  to  issue  a 
check  for  my  use?  If-so,  will-they  duly  write  me?  If- 
they  make  any  outlay  which-may-be  of  advantage,  hoiv 
shall  Joab  repay  them?  She-may-be  rebuking  him  for 
making  Leo  the  payee. 


LESSON  XVIII 

Abbreviation  and  Position 

Note. — The  period  (as  in  the  outline  for  book-keeping  below) 
indicates  ing. 


happy        P  3 

enlarge- 

impor- 

unhappy 

ment  (45)  N-J  3 

tance        MP  i 

(See45)N-P3 

give-n        G  i 

unimpor- 

hope          P  3 

ever           V  i 

tant           N-MPi 

to  be          B  3 

fact            F  3 

improve-d  MP  2 

time           T  i 

average 

improve- 

timely       T-L  I 

(45)        V-J  3 

ment          MP  2 

dollar-s      D  I 

thank         TH  3 

unim- 

had            D  3 

thousand  Til  3 

proved     N-MP  2 

advertise- 

wish           SI  I    i 

home          M3 

ment        D  3 

usual-ly     ZII  3 

England    NG  i 

charge       CH  3 

unusual- 

thing           NG  I 

much         CH  3 

ly(45)    N-ZH-3 

anything   X-NG  I 

terge             J  3 

importantMP  i 

language  NG  3 

SIMPLE     SIGNS 


young      NG  3 
length      NG- 
(45)          TH  3 


at  any  time 

at  home 

at  which  time 


whole  L  3 
wholly  L  3 
why  W  i 

PHRASIXG. 

(See  24.) 

had  they 
have  had 
she  had 

Exercise  jj. 


book- 
keeping   B-K-P. 


they  had 
which  had 
thousand  dollars 


/      / 


> 


Exercise  34. 


She-may  come  in  January,  at-which-time  they  hope 
to-be  at-home.  She-had  given  us  no  fact  which-had 
anything  of  unusual  importance  in-it.  Ask  them  if-they 
have-had  my  language  book  at-any-time.  They-had  en- 
larged and  wholly  improved  the  home  by  $2,000  outlay. 
Had-they  ever  had  much  time  for  improvement  in  book- 
keeping? Mayhew  will  thank  me  for  giving  Myer  the 
five  dollar  check  for  advertising.  Why  do-they  wish  to 
keep  an  average  of  two  thousand  sheep?  Though  usu- 
ally taking  mv  whole  time,  they-think  it  unimportant  to 
pay  the  charge  for-it.  The  large  improvement  of  knife 
manufacture  in  England  was  no  important  thing  to  Levi. 
She-was  unhappy  if  any  length  of  time  was  unimproved. 


32  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

The  timely  coming  of  young  Bailey  will  make  them 
happy. 

REVIEW. 

They  usually  improve  at-home  the  time  z'«-which  they- 
have  no  important  engagement.  They  thank  us  for  any- 
thing which-may-be  given  them.  The  company  had  no 
wish  for  unusual  power,  but  was  hoping  by  advertise- 
ment to  reach  average  importance.  An  enlargement  of 
income  to  three  dollars  a  day  for  book-keeping  was  no 
unimportant  fact  to  young  Hiatt.  She-had  to  pay  the 
whole  $3,000  to  keep  the  home  they-had  in  England. 
She-may-be  willing  to  buy  nothing  on  any  unimproved 
avenue.  A  thousand-dollars  was  no  large  charge  for  so 
important  and  timely  an  improvement.  Was  any  im- 
portant thing  in-your  charge  on  January  5,  at-which- 
time  the  committee  took  up  the  management  ? 


LESSON  XIX 

Vowel  and  Consonant  Combinations. 

47.    Words  and  phrases  are  often  represented  by  a 
combination  of  consonant  and  vowel  signs. 

idea  ideal  Ida  Isaac  Iowa 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION'. 

Note. — Where  a  second  form  is  given  for  a  word  (as  for  to- 
gether below),  the  choice  is  left  to  the  student. 

already  all-R-D  i  knew  N-choid  (half  ew) 

although  all-DH  3  new  N-choid 

altogether  all— G  i  renew  R— new 

height  i-T  newly  new-L 

highway  i— W  now  N-poid  (half  ow) 

highly  (poid)  i-L  I  object  o-B 

however  (roid)  how— V  to-day  to— D 

idea  i-D  together  to-G  (or  G  2) 

Iowa  i-\V  to-morrow  to-M-R 


SIMPLE     SIGNS  33 

PHRASING. 

Observe  the  rule  of  position,  paragraph  24. 
of  me — my  to  him  who  was 

to  do  to  them  who  had 

to  do  so  to  which  who  may 

to  go  to  your  who  may  be 

to  have  too  much  ought  (to)  be 

Xote. — An  enclosed  word,  as  to  in  "ought  (to)  be"  above,  is 
to  be  omitted  in  the  phrase  outline. 

48.  Uow,    on,    and   should,    are    made    upward    in 
phrases,  and  may  be  made  upward  when  alone. 

49.  How  in  the  phrase  hoiu  many  is  downward. 
how  long  (48)  should  have  which  should  be 
how  much                   should  they  which  should  have 
how  many  (49)         it  should  be  on  which  (48) 
should  be  (48)          it  should  have       on  your 

50.  A  first-place  vowel-sign  or  the  word  in  beginning 
a  phrase  and  followed  by  a  downward  stroke,  should  be 
placed  a  little  higher  or  lower  than  its  natural  position 
(but  never  on  the  line),  so  that  the  next  sign  may  take 
its  own  position. 

of  them  of  your  in  time 

of  which  all  day  in  fact 

5 1 .  Such   words   as   the   following   must   be  written 
separately,   because   the   parts   are    not    distinguishable 
when  joined. 

to  see  to  pay 

to  know  of  any 


TAYLOR— 3. 


34  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

Exercise  jj. 


"    "  ' '}   \     1  /^  "~x   ^r/r 

L — v  >..>       I  T  / , \^    K  X.  f 


x  ^  rV\ 


Exercise  j6. 

If  money  should-be  owing  to-them,  it-should-be  given 
to-him  to-morrow  in-time.  The  idea  was,  in-fact,  to 
renew  the  common  highway  altogether,  although  it- was 
highly  important  to  check  too-much  outlay.  Already 
each  knew  the  object  of-your  coming  together.  The 
height  of-my  hope  now  was  to-do  nothing  which-should- 
be  beneath  my  ideal.  How-long  before  your  newly  en- 
larged factory  ought-(to)-be  ready  to-go  all-day  ?  How- 
ever much  Ida  may-have  to-do  to-day,  she  should-have 
all-your  copying  ready.  It-was  Isaac  who-was  to-have- 
had  charge  of-your  new  opera  company.  To-which 
of-them  should-they  pay  the  money,  and  how-much? 
All  who-may-be  willing  to-do-so  should-be  given  the 
advantage  of  helping  on-your  committee.  How-many 
of-them  will  talk  to-your  company  of-me?  On-which 
bank  was  your  check,  and  who-had  given  it?  Who- 
may  know  of-which  idea  Ina  was  thinking? 

REVIEW. 

Already  they-have  too-much  awe  of  so  unimportant 
a  power.  Although  the  highway  was  tcnusnaU\  rough, 
they  rode  the  -whole  way  home.  Being  altogether  at- 
home  in  England,  \.\\ey-had,  in-fact,  no  -wish  to  leave. 


SIMPLE     SIGNS  35 

J-fad-they  imich  hope  of  highly  improving,  or  wholly 
renewing  any  of-them?  The  height  of-my  power  was 
to-be  ever  ready  to  give  average  help.  The  time,  how- 
ever, was  coming  in-which  my  ideal  shoidd  become  a 
fact  in-my  life.  They  knew  your  object  in  improving 
your  whole  road-way.  How-many  are  going  to  Iowa 
together,  and  why  do-they  leave  to-day?  The  new 
avenue  of-which  they-say  so  much  will  reach  to-your 
home.  Who-may  now  be  given  the  management  of- 
your  large,  newly  improved  factory?  The  thing  will- 
be  of  unusual  'importance,  and  it-should-have  your 
whole  time  to-morrow. 


LESSON  XX 

I- Phrases 

52.    In  writing  I-phrases,  only  a  single  tick  is  used  for 
the  /. 

a.  The  last  half  of  the  sign  for  /  (roid)  js  used  with 
most  of  the  strokes. 

b.  The  first  half  of  the  sign  (poid)  is   used  with  M 
or  /,. 

c.  A  small  horizontal  or  vertical  tick  is  used  instead 
of  either  part  of  the  I  sign  before  K,  G,  or  the  word 
should,  and  after  any  stroke. 

Exercise  37. 
Note. — For  positions,  see  paragraph  50. 


(<•) 


I  )V  J 


36  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

Practice  the  following  until  the  change  can  be  easily 
made  from  one  kind  of  I-tick  to  another. 


I  am 
I  do 

am  I 
I  come 

I  may  be 

I  think 

shall  I 

I  never 

have  I 

I  should  be 
if  I 

I  was 
was  I 

(50) 
I  had 

I  have 
I  shall 
I  know 

I  go 

I  may  say 
I  saw 

I  hope 
I  wish 
I  see 

I  judge 
do  I 

may  I 
I  say 

I  will 

Exercise  38. 

I-think  I-may-have  to-be  away  all-day.  I-saw  them, 
for  I-was  going  along  Home  avenue.  I-knovv  all  I-say 
to-be  so.  I-am  in  no  hurry  for  my  money,  and  I-will 
ask  for-it  if  I-wish  it  at-any-time.  I-shall-go,  but  I-shall- 
be  back  in  November.  I-have  your  money  in  bank.  I- 
hope  I-may  represent  them  to  advantage.,  Do-I  keep 
him  away  too  long?  I-should-be  happy  to-have  Ada 
come.  May-I  do  anything  for  Harrv  if  I-see  him? 
Was-I  at-home  in-time?  I  judge  it  to-be  vour  wish,  or 
I-never  should  go.  I-had  no  knowledge  of-your  'wish. 
Have-I  time  to  look  at  them  before  I-go  ?  If-I-come  in 
January,  I-should-think  they  ought  to  know  why.  I- 
may-go;  and  if  I-do,  shall-I  leave  all  in  charge  of  Louis? 


I-think  I-will-have  them  name  each  item  c^-which  / 
oivc  anything.  I-know  they-think  I-wish  to  delay,  for 
I-was  objecting  to-your  advertising  or  renewing  your 
agency.  I-saw  I-should-be  too  busy  to-go,  so  I-had 
them  issue  a  check.  I-say  nothing  to  your  allo-wing  Ida 
to  take  bookkeeping.  I-hope  s//c-may  duly  acknotv/- 


SIMPLE     SIGNS  37 

edge  your  timely  aid.  Shall-I  ever  know  how-many  of- 
them  came  together  ?  Was-I  making  too-large  an  out- 
lay in  carrying  out  my  idea  by  advertising'  ?  I-am 
willing  to  give  all  I-have  to  any  object  of-which  I-judge 
so  highly.  If-I-go  I-may  see  Isaac  ;  and  if-so,  may-I  talk 
to-him  ?  Do-I  delay  him,  although  in-fact  I-come  in- 
tiiue  ?  I-see  I-never  took  my  hook,  \\\nc\\-had  no  name 
in-it.  Have-I  any  right  to  hope  for-your  coming  to- 
morro-v  ?  I-do  thank  your  young  nephew  for  aiding  us 
all  so  much  to-day. 


LESSON  XXI 
Phrasing; — 77ic  and  A 

53.  For  the,  a  small  slanting  tick  may  be  joined  to 
the  outline  of  the  preceding  word: 

a.  Slanting  like  chay  (choid),  by  the. 

b.  Slanting  like  ray  (roid),  I     at  the. 

U 

c.  Slanting  like  jP(poid),       ^/   shall  the. 

54.  For  a,  an,  or  and,  a  vertical  or  horizontal  tick 
may  be  joined  to  the  preceding  word.      (This  will  not 
conflict  with  the  joined  /. ) 

a.  Vertical  like  7^(toid),_J_  by  a. 

b.  Horizontal  like  K  (koid),       I       had  a. 

c.  And  may  be  written   before  a  the  or  a   tick,   in 


SIMPLE     SIGNS 


which  case  it  is  like  K  (koid)  :  =^_  and  a,  _7_and  the. 

In  the  phrase  &  Co.  it  is  vertical. 

55.    For  ing-the  or  ing-a  and  ing-and,  the  tick  is  dis- 
joined and  put  in  the  place  of  the  ing  dot:  '_  buying 

the  ;         '       buying  a  ;  _j_     doing  and. 

Exercise  39. 
For  rule  of  position,  see  paragraph  24. 

(53«)  — 


(55) 


^  ^ ^ 


Practice  well 

—  <;  —  i  7  — 

by  the 

to  the 

but  the 

and  a 

by  a 

for  the 

but  a 

(55) 

at  the 

of  a 

think  the 

buying  the 

at  a 

take  a 

think  a 

buying  a 

if  the 

which  the 

of  the 

owing  the 

for  a 

which  a 

on  the  (48) 

owing  a 

see  the 

may  the 

on  a 

taking  the 

see  and 

may  a 

to  a 

looking  and 

was  the 

shall  the 

if  a 

coining  and 

was  a 

shall  a 

or  the 

seeing  a 

have  the 

in  the 

or  a 

changing  the 

have  a 

in  a 

and  the 

showing  the 

SIMPLE     SIGNS  39 

Exercise  40. 

Note. —  The  and  a  are  not  to  be  joined  after  lifting  the  pen 
to  write  a  vowel,  as  in  "  lady  the"  in  the  fourth  sentence  below. 

Was-the  dog  in-the  path  at-the-time  I-saw-the  boy? 
I-think-the  lady  was  doing-the  right  thing  in  taking-u 
daily.  On-the  top  of-the  oak  was-an  owl.  Cora  was 
having-a  busy  day  showing-the  lady  the  shop.  Will  she 
take-a  book  or-a  map?  I-am  buying-the  book  and-the 
map  for  Mary.  Jacob  and-the  boy  are  laughing-and 
joking  all-the  time.  I-have-a  wish  to-go,  but-the  lake 
may-be  too  rough.  Who-was-the  boy  whom  I-saw  dig- 
ging-and  hoeing  by-the  road?  Shall-I  take-the  money 
oi-the  check?  May-the  assignee  have-the  copy  which- 
the  boy  was  making?  Knowing-the  baggage  was  on-the 
way,  she-was  moving-and  arranging  for-it. 

REVIEW. 

I-tliink  I-may  take-a  coach  and  be  on-the  way  to  Iowa 
to-day.  I-was  owing-the  money  for-the  use  of-a  piano. 
I-know  who  it-was,  for  I-came  in  at-the-time.  I-say, 
if-the  company  should-be  changing-the  factory,  I-hope 
it-may-be  to  enlarge  it.  I-wish  to  knowr  /iozv-much  on- 
an  average  ought-(\.ty)-\)t  given' away  each  day.  I-am 
writing  to  Mackey  &-Co.  and  giving-a  check  for-a  new 
coach.  I-will  thank  him  for  paying-the  $3.000  into-the 
bank  on  time.  I-shall  hope  she-had-a  kodak  along.  I- 
had-a  view  of-an  English  lake,  which-was-a  thing  of 
beauty.  I-am-a  nephew  of-the  Meyer  zvko-was  taking- 
the  management  of-the  manufacture  at-the-time.  Do-I 
ever  charge  too-much  for  fetching-and  carrying?  I-see 
many  coming-and  going  on-the  highway  a//-day.  I- 
judge  they  already  knew  of-my  neglecting-t\\e  agency 
in  Iowa. 


4-O  SIMPLE     SIGX3 

LESSON  XXII 

Upward  and  Downward  Strokes  for  R,  L  and  SH 

56.  For  the  sake  of  greater  facility  in  writing  and 
reading,  downward  strokes  are  in  certain  cases  used  for 
7?  and  Z,  and  an  upward  stroke  for  Sfi,  thus: 

SIGN.  DIRECTION.  SOUXD.  XAME. 

^  downward  r  ar 

f~  1  el 

_S  upward  sh  shay 

57.  Because  there  are  many  exceptions  to  the  rules  of 
direction  for  these  strokes,  the  unusual  direction  is  indi- 
cated throughout  this  book  by  full-face  type,  thus:    R, 
L,  SH;    or  r,  1,  Sh.     Where  double  letters  occur,  only 
one  is  put  in  the  full-face  type,  since  only  one  stroke  is 
written  for  double  letters. 

58.  General  rules  of  direction  for   R  and   L   when 
joined  to  stroke  consonants: 

a.  Beginning  a  syllable,  the  upward  stroke  is  used, 
thus:  f       v»  live,  y^     \  reap. 

b.  Ending  a  syllable  (alone  or  followed  by  other  con- 
sonants), the  downward  stroke  is  used  thus  :-^  shower, 

fuel.  C—^  elm,       \ ark. 

c.  Where  the  direction  required  by  rule  a  or  b  would 
make  an  illegible  outline,  or  one  difficult  to  form,  the 
rule  is  disregarded. 

59.  In  dividing  words   into  syllables  for  the  purpose 


SIMl'I.K      SIGNS  41 

of  determining  their  proper  shorthand  outlines,  one  con- 
sonant is  usually  pronounced  in  each  syllable  (double 
consonants  being  regarded  as  one). 

Examples:    Mo-lly,  Lo-ttie,  la-dy,  ca-rry,  efr-or. 
60.  a.    R  follows  the  general  rules  (58  a  and  <5)  be- 
fore the  following  strokes: 

P,  B, — rob,  Ar-ab,  ripe,  6rb. 

K,  G, — rock,  ark,  rogue,  ar-gue. 

S,  Z,— Ro-sa,  Orsa. 

SH,  ZH,-rush,  Ir-ish  (see  36). 

L, — ra-lly,  ear-ly,  Ra-leigh,  or-ally. 

R, — tempo-ra-rv,  aur-o-ra,  6rr-e-ry. 

b.  R  is  always  upward  before  the  following  strokes 
(a  vowel  preceding  the  ;-  should  usually  be  written)  : 

T,  D, — right,  aright,  ready,  arid. 
CII,  J, — rich,  arch,  rage,  urge. 
F,  V, — roof,  Orpha,  revieif,  Harvey. 
TH,  DH, — wrath,  earth,  wreath,  orthoepy. 
N,  NG, — range,    arrange,    wrong,    orange,    ring, 
harangue. 

c.  R  before  M  or  MP  is  always  downward: 
Rome,  remove,  remedy,  room,   Irma,   arm,   army, 

romp. 

d.  R,  when  the  only  stroke,  follows  the  rule  (58): 
ray,  air,  oar,  rye,  ire  (see  36). 

If  R  is  both  preceded   and  followed  by  a  vowel,  the 
accented  vowel  usually  determines  the  direction : 
area,  Or  a,  Erie,  arrow,  array. 


42  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

Exercise  4.1 . 


V       / 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

her  R  i  original-ly  R-J 

our  R  3  regular-ly  R-G 

hour  R  3  irregular-ly  R-G 

higher  I-R  refer-ence  R-F 

Exercise  42. 

Irma  will  remove  to  Rome  early  in-the  autumn. 
Ryan  will  take  no  regular  review.  Orpha  will  go  for- 
the  arrow.  Urge  Riley  to  look  at  our  remedy  aright. 
It-was  wrong  for  Ursa  to  show  her  wrath  in  arguing. 
They  arrange  nothing  orally,  or  in-an  irregular  wav. 
Harvey  and  Raleigh  may  go  into-a  temporary  camp  at 
any  hour.  I-saw  Rosa  lay  the  wreath  higher  up  on-the 
rock  by-the  arch.  In  rowing,  dip  the  oar  regularly,  and 
never  too  deep.  Tom  was  referring  to-the  army  life. 
Ask  Ora  to  give  the  original  area  of-the  roof. 

REVIEW. 

She-may-be  referring  to-a  rich  nephew  w^o-was  on-a 
voyage  in-the  Irish  Sea  «/-the-time  of  her  leaving  Rome. 
May-I  ask  //ow-long  it-may-be  before  our  army  will 
leave  the  camp  on-the  height?  Riley  knew  the  large 
range  which-had  come  in  <wgV//-(to)-be  ready  to-go 
back  in-an  hour.  The  arch  was  high,  but-\\\e  rock  at- 
the  right  of-the  road  was  higher.  Was-I  right  in  think- 
ing she-Was  now  doing-a  duty  which  she-was  originally 


SIMPLE     SIGNS  43 

neglecting  f  Who  but  Harvey  was  urging  them  to  take- 
the  ship  out  into-the  raging  sea?  If-I  rightly  judge, 
they-had-an  unusually  happy  time  navigating-the  lake 
in-your  nemo  ship.  I-was  using-vcn.  orange  to  represent- 
the  earth.  I-know  the  air  was  balmy  on  Lake  Erie  to- 
day. I-shall  make  no  reference  to-the  rogue  who-was 
robbing-the  bank,  although  I-may-be  at-the  committee 
room  to-morrow. 


LESSON  XXIII 

R  Following  Strokes 
60  (continued). 

e.  R  follows  the  general  rules  (58  a  and  b~)  after: 
CM,  J. — che-rry,  ju-ry. 

F,  V, — fai-ry,    far,   fu-ry,   fur,   fie-ry,   fire,   va-ry, 
fear,  fu-rrow,  infer,  confer,  affair,  Ave-ry,  fair. 
S,  Z, — Ez-ra,  easier,  Assy-ria,  sower. 
SII,  ZII, — she-rry,  shower. 
L, — Lau-ra,  lower,  Taylor. 
N,  NG, — na-rrow,  knower. 
R, — aur-o-ra,  err-or. 
W, — weigher. 

f.  R  is  always  upward  aft^r: 

T,  D, — tarry,  tower,  dairy,  Dyer. 
K,  G, — carry,  cower,  Garry,  gayer. 
TH,  DH, — thorough,  theory,  Thayer. 
M,  MP, — Maria,  Myer. 
R, — rear,  rare. 

H, — hero,  Harry,  h<?tfer,  abhor. 
P,  B, — (usually)  borrow,  bower,  Perry,  power  (3d 
position). 


44  SIMPLE     SIGXS 

Exercise 


ABBREVIATION  AND  POSITION. 

machinery          M-SH-R         newer          new-R 
manufacturer     M-N-F-R        lawyer         L-R 
manufactory      M-N-F-R        legislator    L-J-R 

Exercise  44. 

I-fear  Ezra  never  will-be  thorough  in  anything.  Urge 
Thayer  and  Myer  to  come  early.  They-saw  a  shower 
•was  coming  on,  although  it-was  fair  at  five.  It-was-an 
error  for-the  lawyer  to  add  to-the  fire  of-my  wrath.  They 
live  in-the  rear  of-the  new  manufactory.  I  infer  they- 
have  too  far  to-go,  or  fear-an  attack  on-the  way.  The 
manufacturer  of-the  machinery  will-have  to  take-the 
lower  rank.  They-say  Harry  Dyer,  the  hero,  had-a 
narrow  escape.  Taylor  \\ill  make-the  furrow  deep  and 
narrow.  It-was  easier  for  Laura  to  give  to-the  legisla- 
tor the  newer  theory  of-the  affair. 

REVIEW. 

So  far  below  the  tower,  Laura  looked  like-a  fairy. 
I-fear  Harry  took  no  fur  cap.  They  tarry  too  long  con- 
ferring together  o«-the  affair  in-the  manufactory.  Avery 
will  abhor  the  unfair  way  of-the  manufacturer.  Berry 
should-\\a.\e-a.  cup  of-the  rare  sherry.  They  now  vary 
in  hue,  but  Myra  will  dye  them  all  cherry  red.  I-think 
Laura  was  in-a  fury,  for  she-was  talking"  in-a  fiery  way. 
I-hope  to  make-the  power  regular  <5y-the  use  of  newer 


SIMPLE     SIGNS  45 

machinery.  The  yoting  lawyer  was  haranguing-the  jury 
for-an  hour^  but  no  ray  of  hope  came  to-your  nephew 
flrf-any-time.  I-fear-the  legislator  may  see  no  way  in- 
which  to-do  anything  for-them.  Owing  to-the  fact  they 
name,  Jerry  was  ready  to  omit  the  item  a  month  ago. 


LESSON  XXIV 

L  Preceding  Strokes 
60  (continued). 

g.  L  follows  the  general  rules  (58  a  and  <$)  before: 
K,  G, — like,  alike,  look,  lack,  elk,  lake,  Alleghany. 
M,  MP, — lame,  elm,  lamp,  Alma,  loom,  Elma, 

limb,  almanac,  limp,  Almira. 
R, — Lowry,  Ellery. 

h.    L  is  always  upward  before  the  following  strokes: 
(A  vowel  preceding  the  L  should  usually  be  written.) 
P,  B, — lobe,  elbow,  leap,  Albany. 
T,  D, — lady,  allied,  Lottie,  alto. 
CH,  J, — ledge,  elegy,  latch,  allege. 
F,  V, — life,  alive,  leave,  Alva,  love. 

TH,  DH, — lath,  Althea,  lathe,  loathe. 

•*> 

S,  Z, — lasso,  also,  Lacey.  Ellas,  lazy,  Elsie. 
SH,  ZH,— (Lesson  XXVI). 
L, — Lilly,  Lulu,  Lola. 
W, — leeway,  alleyway. 
R, — lower,  oz'ler. 
H, — Lehigh,  Elihu. 
i.    L  is  always  downward  before : 

N,  NG, — liing,  lounge,  lunch,  lion,  launch,  Illinois, 
(L-N). 


46  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

Exercise 


ABBREVIATION. 

electric-al         L-K 

Exercise  46. 

The  lady  may  ring  for  Elma  at-any-time.  Lyon  was 
lying  on-the  lounge  in-the  back  room.  She-was  looking 
for-an  elbow  of  large  pipe.  They  allege  nothing  new. 
Alva  was  lying  beneath-the  large  elm.  May  Elsie  take- 
the  alto  ?  Lottie  will  write  out-a  copy  of-the  elegy  for 
Alma.  Elias  will  lack  money  to  buy  both-the  lathe  and- 
the  loom.  Your  new  book  and-the  book  which  Lulu 
was  buying  look  much  alike.  Lowry  was  carrying-the 
lamp  for  Almira.  The  electric  road  may  reach  us  in-u 
month. 

REVIEW. 

Do- they  allege  nothing  on-the  important  topic  of-the 
new  electric  road  ?  Elias  saw  the  lion  make-the  leap  to- 
the  lower  ledge.  Lacey  will  go  up  the  Alleghany  in-the 
autumn,  and,  it-may-be,  to  Albany.  I-saw-the  elk  on- 
the  ledge  of  rock.  I-know  Lillie  and  Lola  love  the  life 
in  Alabama.  7/«</-they-the  ustia/  time  #/-the  academy 
for-a  regular  review  of-the  language  ?  I-should  loathe 
so  lazy  a  life.  Lulu  will-be  happy  to  see  them  launch- 
the  new  ship  to-morrow.  /Jfow-much  time,  tf-any,  will- 
be  given  for  lunch  before  reaching-the  Lehigh  Road? 
I-judge  she-may-be  writing-the  company,  or-an  agency 
in  Illinois.  She-may-have  them  issue-\\\e.  check  to-him 
or  pay  him-the  money,  to  use  on-the  voyage  to  China. 
Elsie  saw  me  on-the  common  but-<\\\  hour  ago. 


SIMPLE     SIGNS  47 

LESSON  XXV 

L  Following  Strokes,  or  Alone 

60  (continued). 
j.    L  follows  the  general  rules  (58  a  and  b)  after: 

K,  G,— Kelly,  Gael. 

F,  V, — folly,  fuel,  valley,  vial,  fallow,  vowel. 

R, — rally,  royal. 

H, — hilly,  Howell,  hollow. 
k.    L  is  always  upward  after: 

P,  B, — pillow,  Powell,  below. 

T,  D, — daily,  dial,  tallow,  towel. 

CH,  J, — jelly,  jewel,  chilly,  Julia. 

S,  Z, — easily,  zeal,  assail. 

SH,  ZH,— (Lesson  XXI). 

M,  MP, — Emily,  mellow. 

L, — Loyally,  loyal,  lowly,  Lowell. 

•W, — waylay. 

R, — early,  earl,  orally,  oral,  oriole. 
/.    L  is  always  downward  after: 

N,  NG, — N<?well,  Nellie,  Longley  (see  60  z), wrong- 
ly, continual,  continually,  kingly,  commonly. 
m.    L,  when  the  only  stroke,  is  always  upward : 

oz'l,  Lee,  alley,  He,  low,  owl,  ill. 

Exercise  47. 


48  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

renewal  R-N-L  appeal  P-L  3 

unwilling          N-L. 

Exercise  48. 

They  love  the  lowly  home,  and  are  loyal  to-the  early 
time.  Julia  was  continually  judging  me  wrongly.  Lee 
may  carry  the  keg  of  oil  into-the  alley.  Longley  was 
unwilling  to-have-a  renewal  of-the  agency.  She-had 
olive  oil  in-the  vial.  I-am  to  write-the  vowel  i  in  dial 
and  in  lie.  I-know  of  no  royal  road  to  knowledge.  It- 
was  folly  for  Kelly  to  make-the  appeal  orally.  I-saw-an 
oriole  on-a  bush  in-the  hollow.  Hawley  was  showing 
much  zeal  in  loyalty  to  Powell. 

REVIEW. 

Newell  had-a.  kingly  air,  and  was  talking  like-an  earl. 
Lee  should  make  no  delay  in  buying-\\\o,  newer  macJiin- 
cry  for-the  manufactory.  //"Julia  should  think  it  unfair 
or  irregular  in-any-way,  she  will  refer  it  to  her  larcvcr. 
I-fear-a  rogue  may  easily  waylay  and  assail  Lowell.  If 
it-should-be  chilly,  I-shall-be  unwilling  to-go  into-the 
lower  valley  at  so  early  an  hour.  If-I  appeal  to-them, 
they-may  rally  loyally  to-the  aid  of-the  legislator.  I- 
never  take-the  hilly  road  in  going  to-the  hollow  for  fuel. 
Nellie  was  in  daily  fear  of-a  renewal  of-the  riot  in  Al- 
bany. Why  do-I  think  it  of  importance  for  Isaac  to- 
have  charge  of-the  electrical  machinery?  I-was  ... 
continual  fear  for  Langley  on-the  electric  road. 


SIMPLE     SIGNS 


49 


LESSON  XXVI 

61.  Shay,  the  upward  stroke  (see  56),  is  used  for 
sh,  after  T,  D,  F,  Fand  before  and  after  L.  With  all 
other  strokes  ish  is  used. 


Exercise 


\"7 


x 


dish 

tissue 

Lucia 

shallow 

shell 

shame 

push 

Letitia 

mesh 

sh  ip 

shake 

show 

dash 

lash 

shawl 

Shelly 

gnash 

ash 

fish 

cash 

Ashley 

shave 

lavish 

pshaw 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 


efficicnt-ly 
efficienc 


F-SH 
F-SH 


inefficient-ly 
inefficiency 


N-F-SH 
N-F-SH 


62.  For  initials  in  names  of  persons,  the  sm'all  script 
letters  joined  are  better  than  the  shorthand  signs.  Names 
should  be  written  in  shorthand  unless  they  are  new  to  the 
stenographer,  or  have  a  peculiar  spelling  which  needs  to 
be  noted. 
A.  J.  Kelly  B.  F.  Powell  R.  L.  Bowen  W.  H.  Bailey 

Exercise  JO. 

The  shell  was   lovelv  in  shape  and  hue.     I-saw-the 

sea  dash  up  in  foam.      G.  T.  Kelly  will  efficiently  aid 

Letitia  in-the  affair.      Lucia  should  take-a  shawl  along. 

Lowell  was  too  inefficient  to  take-the  management.    The 

TAYLOR  —  4. 


50  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

shell  lay  in-the  shallow  edge  of-the  lake.  W.  H.  An- 
thony will  give  us  a  poem  by  Shelley.  Carry  in  the 
dish  of  fish.  The  inefficiency  of  Letitia  will  keep  her 
back.  They  push  and  shove  in-an  unfair  way.  Go  W. 
Ketcham  &-Co.  will  pay  it  all. 

REVIEW. 

It-was  originally  in  her  name,  and  she-was  unwilling 
to-have-it  changed  before.  B.  F.  Murray,  our  lawyer, 
was  talking  of-the  newer  machinery^  I-should  never 
alloiv  the  use  of-the  lash.  Her  efficiency  will  give  Lucia 
a  higher  rank.  A.  R.  Owen  will  pay  all  cash  for-the 
ship  to-which  they  refer.  I-see-the  bank  will-be  irreg- 
ular and  much  higher  far  below.  Ella  will  take-a  copy 
on  tissue  also.  Theodosia  was  unwilling  to-have  any 
irregular  renewal  of  her  right.  She-was  lavish  and  effi- 
cient in  her  aid  to-the  famishing.  J.  H.  Longley,  the 
legislator,  was  too  inefficient  to  push-the  appeal.  The 
inefficiency  of  young  Ashley  will  give  much  room  for 
improvement.  I-was  ready  to  gnash  my  tee^h  in  rage. 


LESSON   XXVII 
Conflicting  Words 

63.  Words  having  outlines  which  nearly  resemble 
each  other,  and  which  can  be  used  in  the  same  context, 
illustrate  the  importance  of  accurate  writing.  At  the 
close  of  each  chapter  is  given  a  group  of  such  words, 
which  have  been  found  in  actual  experience  to  conflict 
if  carelessly  written.  These  exercises  are  to  be  tran- 
scribed, compared  with  the  original,  and  rewritten  until 
perfect  accuracy  is  attained. 


SIMPLE     SIGNS 


SHADING. 

happy,  to-be 
package, 
baggage 
of,  all 
much,  large 
for,  have 
time,  dollar 
so,  was 
1-am, 
;er     I-  may-be 
? 

5 

POSITION. 

see,  say. 
me,  him 
the,  a 
if,  for 
own,  know 
or,  but 
her,  our 
important, 
improved 

MISCEL- 
LANEOUS. 

air,  way 
pick,  beg 
fair,  fairy 
lath,  lathe 
your,  them 
wish,  was 
fuel,  vial 
nothing, 
enough 
by.  of,  all 
right, 
ready, 
rode 

VOWELS. 

early,  oral 
like,  lack 
Lizzie,  Eliza 
Jennie,  Joan 
Lottie,  Lettie 
Amy.  May 
Lee,  Eli,  Leo 
Newell,  Nellie 
shop,  ship,  sheep 
Myra, 'Maria,  Meyer 
keep,  occupy,  copy 
Lacey,  Elsie,  Elias 
Lillie,  Lulu,  Lola 
Emily,  Mollie,  Milly 
noz'sy,  uneasy 

Exercise  51. 

I-see  it-was  right  to  beg  the  lily.  Nellie  will  say 
she-was  happy  at-home  by-the  time  Emily  was  in  New- 
York.  Lacey  rode  to  Lafayette  for  our  package.  Joan 
and  Newell  will  occupy  the  new  shop.  Maria  will 
take-the  vial  into-the  room  for  Myra.  Do-they  say  they 
like  money,  but  lack  it?  I-wish  to  ask  if  Amy  was  to-be 
in-the  home  of  May.  I-was  to  keep-the  poem  and  copy 
it  for  her  nephew.  Elias  had-a  kingly  air.  Shall-I  pay 
for-the  lathe  or  ask  for  time  ?  I-shall-be  ready  for-an 
oral  review  if  Mollie  will  help  me.  They  own  Leo  had 
no  ship.  The  time  was  improved,  and  I-had  much  hope 
of-your  giving  Elsie  the  dollar.  Lola  will-have  nothing 
to  occupy  the  hour.  So,  in  all  your  life,  have-they  never 
given  any  help?  The  boy  was  so  uneasy. 


52  SIMPLE     SIGNS 

Exercise  J2. 

MISCELLANEOUS    WORDS. 

Typify,  affinity,  vanity,  unpack,  tip-top,  anathema, 
nickname,  cubic,  contiguity,  continuity,  continuous, 
contumely,  contumacy,  condemnatory,  deify,  apiary, 
aviary,  liar,  epoch,  ethic,  calk,  balky,  invoked,  monk, 
gash,  dike,  decoy,  Jem,  Jim,  Jamie,  enjoy,  duke, 
vacuity,  pneumonia,  anemone,  nominee,  picnic,  vivify, 
revivify,  gangway,  verify,  thong,  ossify,  Shylock, 
munch,  Marianna,  naughtily,  notary,  inherit,  rummage, 
furor,  asleep,  mopish,  mythic,  mammoth,  limbo,  rotary, 
archly,  richly,  cupola,  career,  carrier,  foliage,  vanilla, 
Manila,  manual,  Oshkosh,  shamrock,  leakage,  legacv, 
leafage,  liveth,  lazily,  inanity,  rhythm,  rarity,  rarefy, 
rarer. 

REVIEW. 

She-may-be  too  busy  to-go  in  November,  a/-\vhich- 
time  Myra  will-be  at-home.  Denny  and  Dinah  have- 
had  no  wish  to  leave  the  avenue  unimproved.  Why 
had  Eli  and  Lee  no  talk  of-the  length  or- the  depth  of- 
the  ditch?  Isaac  was  of-the  manv  who-had  too-much 
to-do.  They-may,  however,  be  in-time.  I -fear  a!/-\o\\v 
talk  to-them  of-me  was  nothing  bzit  error.  Taylor  was 
continually  appealing  to-them,  and  saying  Longley  was 
too  inefficient.  Do-they  think  it  knowledge  which-may- 
be  of  ttsc  to-them?  On  whom  will  the  duty  lie?  Aral 
was  gnawing  at-the  beam.  Will  the  public  of  Altoona 
enjoy  comic  opera?  Oh  why  ought  they  to-think  I- 
should  do-so?  Nothing  but  your  help  will  keep  ?ts  in 
England.  Your  language  may  show  your  idea  to-be 
wholly  wrong.  The  whole  area  was  originally  rocky 
and  arid. 


BRIEF  SIGNS 

FOR 

CONSONANT   SOUNDS 

LESSONS  XXVIII— XL 


53 


LESSON   XXVIII 

The  Small  Circle,  Iss 

64.  A  small  circle,  called  tss,  represents  s  or  z  in  cer- 
tain cases.      In  the  following  lessons  the  small  circle  is 
indicated  by  s. 

65.  Rules  for  joining  the  circle  to  a  single  stroke: 

a.  Joined  to  straight  strokes  the  circle  is  turned  like 
the  written  O,  thus:      N>   ps,     I    ST,  _  o  Ks,  /    Rs. 

b.  On  curved  strokes  the  circle  is  written  inside  the 
curve,   thus:    V^>   Fs,   (T^  sM,    I    sTH. 


Note.  —  Observe  that  the  rule,  65^,  requires  that  the  circle  be 
•written  on  the  upper  side  of  kay  and  ray,  and  also  of  hay  when 
the  circle  is  final. 

66.  Vowels   used    with   brief-sign   combinations   are 
placed  to  the  strokes  in  the  same  manner  as  to  simple 

strokes,   thus:    b    tease,    K^  safe. 

67.  A  circle  or  loop  at  the  beginning  of  a  stroke  is 
read  as  the  first  sound  in  the  word;   at  the  end,  as  the 
last  sound. 

Exercise  jj. 

>  _._^      J 


o.o.o. 


BRIKF    SIGNS 


WITHOUT 

VOWELS. 

does 

convince 

yes 

says 

goes 
confess 

raise 
house 

comm-ence 
James 

notice 
cautious 

WITH    VOWELS. 

pays 
pass 
oppose 
compose 

choose 
guess 
office 
vase 

nice 
loss 
lace 
Alice 

Thomas 
box  (18  X) 

reduce 
police 

piece 
Otis 

moss 
Ames 

race 
Ross 

announce 
Dennis 

days 
edges(ejs) 

Amos 
niece 

weighs 
Hugh's 

Rufus 
Agnes 

ABBREVIATION 

AND   POSITION. 

is 
his 

iss  i 
iss  i 

those 

thus 

3 
3 

as 

iss  2 

miss 

i 

has 
owes 

iss  2 
owe-s 

myself 
himself 

Ms  i 
Ms  2 

whose 
always 
possible-y 
business 
itself 

who-s 
all-s 
Ps  i 
Bs 

impossible-ity  MPs  I 
influence               Xs  i 
news                 new-s 
longs                  NGs  2 
wise                      Ws  i 

religious 

Js  i 

unwise 

N-Ws  i 

cause 
because 
accuse 
these 

Ks  i 
Ks  i 
Ks3 

i 

lengthwise  NG-Ws  3 
yourself                Ys  2 
herself                    Rs  i 
anxious      NG-SHs 

this 

2 

BRIEF    SIGNS  57 

68.    a.    The  dot  m-ay  be  placed  at  the  beginning  or 

•p 
end  of  a  stroke  having  a  joined  tss,  thus :  conceit, 

Voj.      facing. 

b.  For  the  affix  ings,  the  circle  is  used  in  place 
of  the  z'/zg'-dot,  thus:        /     sayings. 

doings  writings  shavings 

beings  teachings  bushings 

c.  The  ings  may  also  be  used  for  ing-his : 
paying  his       facing  his      showing  his      making  his 

PHRASING. 

(24)      (iss  for  us)       so  far  as  (S-Fs)      (48) 
of  his          of  us  (5°)  on  his 

to  his          to  us  in  these  on  this 

she  is  by  us  in  this 

she  has       for  us  in  those 

Exercise  54. 
Note. — Use  stroke  5"  as  heretofore  for  so,  say,  etc. 

The  vase  which-is  at-his  house  is  for  myself.  Has 
Matthew's  niece  any  influence  on-his  life?  Oh-yes,  and 
she-is  anxious  to  influence  him  to  commence  reducing 
these  charges  for-us.  If  Rufus  goes  on  thus,  his  unwise 
ways  mav  possibly  cause  loss  in-his  business  and  in 
ours.  I  accuse  Ross  for  announcing  these  facts  to-us  as 
news.  Miss  Agnes  will  choose  this  box  of  lace  because 
she  thinks  it-is  nice.  I  confess  I-am  always  opposing 
those  religious  ideas  of-his.  So-far-as  I-know,  Alice 
hopes  to  pay  all  she  herself  owes.  James  longs  for-a 
few  hours  or  days  to  himself,  in-which  to  compose  those 
writings.  She  talks  of-the  wise  sayings  and  doings  of 
fairy  beings.  Otis  Moss,  who-has  given  this  notice,  is 


58  BRIEF    SIGNS 

Hugh's  nephew.  Thomas  thinks  it-is  impossible  to 
guess  whose  is  to-be-the  race  for-the  office,  yours  or  his. 
Dennis  says  this  case  itself  will  reduce  the  invoice  thou- 
sands of  dollars.  Lay  the  piece  lengthwise  in-this  box 
yourself. 

REVIEW. 

Hayes  thinks  it-is  impossible  to  take  this  choice,  be- 
cause Horace  thinks  it-is  unwise.  Amos  is  always 
anxious  for-the  Memphis  News  because  it-has  influence 
on-his  business.  Miss  Adams  owes  much  to-the  wise 
teachings  of  yourself  and  Loomis.  Max  himself  -wishes 
to  confess  these  facts  to-his  lessees  in  Paris.  I  myself 
notice  how  Morris  is  alloiving-\\\s  money  to-go  to  pay 
for-the  house  itself.  Whose  maps  of  England  has 
Horace?  Agnes  herself  thinks  it-is  possible  thus  to 
convince  Lee's  enemies.  The  boys  are  wise  enough  to 
make-the  rows  lengthwise  of-the  piece.  The  news  of- 
his  accusing  those  boys  came  to-us  two  days  ago.  These 
sayings  and  teachings  are  causing-his  unhappy  nephew 
to-do  as  Norris  wishes.  She-is  among  those  wise  be- 
ings whose  religious  writings  raise  ozir  ideals  of  life. 
In-these  days  Knox  is  using-\\\s  money  for-a  higher 
cause.  Shall  Adams  leave  the  things  in-the  office  or- 
the  back  rooms  ? 


LESSON  XXIX 
Iss  at  the  Beginning  of  Strokes 

69.  In  the  use  of  vowels  with  brief-sign  and  stroke 
combinations,  attention  must  be  given  to  the  relation  of 
the  vowel  to  the  stroke  consonant,  as  if  no  brief  sign 

were  present,  thus:      I      s-iT,    sight;    •£      s-eL,  seal; 

r 

s-Ha-R,  Sahara. 


BRIEF    SIGNS 


59 


Exercise 


•y<v\  T  TT  T  p-c 


r 


Q    ^Q'^-Q'^g    ^  g  L 


.[  A  \ 


WITHOUT    VOWELS. 

space  safe  sell  •  sense  Smith 

suppose  Seth  some     speech  sympathy  (sMP-TH) 

said  size  son        safety  Sunday 

such  sash  sun        Samuel  swamp 


seat 
sit 
city 
set 


WITH  VOWELS. 

(See  69.) 

stay  sick  sum 

suit  Sophia        sign 

Sadie        slow  soon 


Small 
smo'ke 
siege 


seek 


same 


smooth        snow 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 


speak  sP  I 

spoke  sP  2 

expect  sP  2 

special  sP  3 

specialty  sP-T  3 

subject  sB 

situate  sT  i 

citizen  sT  i 

satisfy-ed  sT  3 
satis factory-ly  sT  3 

signature  sG  i 

signify-ed  sG  i 

significant  sG  I 


significance 

excuse 

several 

south 

seem 

similar 

example 

seen 

since 

sufficient-ly 

sufficiency 

something 

somehow 


sG  i 
sKs  3 

sV 

3 

i 

sM  i 

sMP  3 

i 

i 

sF-SH 

sF-SH 

sM-NG 

sM-roid 


60  BRIEF    SIGNS 

PHRASING. 

(See  24.) 

as  ever       as  though         as  far  as  (sFs)       his  own 
as  if  as  much  as  long  as  is  this 

as  this         as  much  as      as  well  as  (sLs)     as  I  (toid) 
as  these      as  large  as       has  had 

70.  The,  a,  or  an  may  be  joined  to  is,  as,  or  has. 
The  rule  650;  must  be  observed. 

Q. 
is  a-an  o.     as  a-an,  has  a-an 

X> 

is  the  /->     as  the,  has  the 

Exercise  56. 

Note. — Words  heretofore  written  with  the  stroke  5"  are  still 
to  be  so  written  ;  e.  g.,  busy,  aside,  ask,  also. 

Smith  speaks  as-if  vour  son  expects  Samuel  to-do 
something  for-us,  as-the  lawyer  is  busy.  Seth  gives  this 
as-an  excuse,  seeking  to  satisfy  me  as-far-as  may-be  by 
smooth  speech.  Small  has-had  sufficient  time  to  reach 
his-own  house  in-the  city.  The  signatures  of  five  citi- 
zens will-be  satisfactory.  I  take  this  as-a  special  sign 
of-the  sufficiency  of-this  space.  Is-this  Snow's  choice 
of-the  several  subjects  since  seeing  them?  Smith  said 
his  sick  son  was  soon  as  calm  as-ever.  Is-the  size  of- 
the  sash  as-much-as  36  bv  40?  His  sympathy  is-a  sig- 
nificant thing  to-us.  It  somehow  gives  us  a  sense  of 
safety  at-a-time  such-as  this.  Is-this  orange  as-large-as 
yours?  Has-the  boy  ever  seen-a  similar  example?  For- 
the  sake  of-his  business  specialty,  Smock  has-a  wish  to 
situate  himself  as-well-as  it-is  possible  to-do.  Nothing 
seems  to  satisfy  him.  Sadie  spoke  as-though  satisfied 
to  stay  in-the  south  as-long-as  six  months. 

Note. — Underscore  the  figure  six  to  distinguish  it  from  the 
sign  for  this. 


BRIEF    SIGNS  6 1 

REVIEW. 

Such  days  as-this  Jfiss  Sophia  always  seeks  some  ex- 
cuse to  stay  in-the  house  as-much-as  'possible.  They 
suppose  Samuel  was  too  slow  in  saving-a  sufficient  sum  ; 
since  his-own  specialty  has-had  to-be  given  up  as-an 
unwise  business.  Sadie  lias  several  similar  maps,  each 
of-which  is-a  special  help  in-my  subject.  The  setting 
aside  of-the  suit  on-this  loss  seems  somehow  to-have-had 
small  significance  to  some  of-the  citizens.  Is-the  lady 
speaking  as-if-a  sufficiency  of  satisfactory  signatures 
may-be  had?  As-long-as  such  speeches  as-these  will 
satisfy  them,  why  does  Small  seem  to  expect  something 
of-us?  Has  Seth  seen  aiiv  sign  of  svmpathy  for-his 
anxious  niece  ?  She  speaks  of-the  news  which-has  come 
to-day  as  satisfactory-  to  herself  as- well-as  to  her  nephew, 
\vho-is  at-his  home  in-the  south.  As-the  speech  was  com- 
mencing, Bowers  was  seen  to  la"y  the  book  on-the  seat 
at-his  side.  Smith  soon  spoke  to-him,  signifving-his 
readiness  to  sell.  Has-the  piece  a  swamp  on-this  south 
edge,  as-the  map  shows,  and  as  Snow  said  on  Sunday? 
<9//-yes,  it-has,  and-a  swamp  which-is  as-/<7r£Y?-as  your 
whole  meadow.  It  reaches  lengthwise  of-the  road  for 
many  rods.  As-an  example  of  Hayes  &-Co.'s  views 
on-the  subject,  I-know  thev  expect  to  situate  the  new 
silk  factory  as-far  to-the  south  as-possible. 


BRIEF    SIGNS 


LESSON  XXX 

Iss  Between  Strokes 

Exercise  57. 


vj_2: 


71.    Rules  for  writing  the  circle  between  strokes: 

a.  Between  straight  strokes  of  the  same  direc- 
tion, the  circle  is  turned  like  the  written  O:  — 

Tuesday  it  is  a 

deceit  which  is  the 

decide  who  is  the 

cask  et  cetera 

b.  Between  straight  strokes  of   different   direc- 
tions, the  circle  is  turned  on  the  outside  of  the  angle, 

thus:     J desk. 


opposite 

task 

custom 

Augusta 

passage 

deposit 

succeed 

receipt 

beset 

dispose 

gasp 

reside 

beside 

discuss 

gossip 

risk 

besiege 

Jessup 

gazette 

husky 

BRIEF    SIGNS  63 


PHRASES. 

does  the 

(roid) 

(50) 

who  said 

I  said 

I  speak 

who  has  had 

I  expect 

I  spoke 

several  days  ago 

I  suppose 

c.      Between  a  straight  and  a  curved  stroke,  the 
circle  takes  the  direction  of  the  curve. 


passive 
basin 
deceive 

Joseph            visit 
Jackson          lisp 
chasm             lawsuit 

misty 
message 
Minnesota 

dismay 
chosen 

cousin             receive 
Fiske              reason 

anxiety 
hasten 

PHRASES. 

is  no 

in  this  case 

she  has  had 

hich  is  no 

have  said 

so  .as  to 

seems  (to) 

be        she  is  a 

so  as  (to)  be 

d.    Between  two  curves  the  circle  turns  in  the 
more  convenient  wav. 

Thompson  assassin  museum 

toothsome  missive  mason 

Johnson  massive  Cincinnati 

fasten  misseth 

PHRASES. 

it  seems  (to)  me          in  his  own 
for  his  own  she  says  (SH-sZ) 

ever  since  (24)  she  has  no 

WITH  VOWELS. 

72.    When  a  circle  comes  between  strokes,  the  vowel 
must  be  placed  beside  the  stroke-consonant  next  which 

it  is  sounded,  thus:         _  dusk, 


64  BRIEF    SIGNS 

bask  dozen  music  rasp 

task  musk  Nasmyth         russet 

tacit  mask  rusty 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

Pennsylvania  Ps-L-V  thenceforth  THs-F 

outset  T-sT  3  misrepresent  Ms-R-P 

outside  T-sD  3  Mrs.  Ms-S 

December  Ds-M  Massachusetts  Ms-CH 

dissatisfied  D-sT  3  henceforth  Ns-F 

disadvantage  Ds-J  unexpected  Xs-P 

exchange  Ks-CH  unsatisfactory  X-sT  3 

discharge-d  Ds-CH  insufficient-ly  N-sF-SH 

discourage-ment  Ds-K-J  insufficiency  X---F-SH 

insignificant  Xs-G  I  wholesale  L-sL  3 

inspect  Xs-P  house  of  repre- 

respect  Rs-P  sentatives  Hs-P 

thanksgiving  THs-G  3 

Exercise  j8. 

Does-the  message  say  I-spoke  to  Augusta  of-such-a 
thing  as-a  visit  to  Cincinnati  in-such-an  unsatisfactory 
time  as-this?  I-suppose  it-is-no  insignificant  task  for 
Mrs.  Mason,  which-is-no  reason,  however,  why  Miss 
Johnson  should  henceforth  take-the  risk.  She-says  she- 
has-h'ad  no  dismay  at-the  disadvantage  of  residing  in 
Minnesota  ever-since-the  unexpected  visit  of  her  cousin 
at  Thanksgiving.  It-seems-(to)-be-a  discouragement 
to  Jackson  because  it-is-an  impossibility  in-this-case  to 
exchange-the  office  desk,  etc.,  at-a  fair  sum.  As  I-have- 
said,  I-was  dissatisfied  at-the  outset,  and  I-expect  to  dis- 
charge all  my  duties  and  take  passage  for  Massachusetts 
in  December.  Besides  speaking  to  Thompson  on  Tues- 
day. it-seems-(to)-me  I-have-seen  all-the  outside  whole- 
sale customers  who-should  receive-the  respects  of-the 


BRIEF    SIGNS  65 

house.  Several-davs-ago  they-said  it-was  impossible 
thenceforth  to  succeed,  inasmuch-as-the  deposit  of  cash 
was  insufficient.  I-said  I-should  stay  in  Pennsylvania  as- 
long-as-possible  and  inspect  the  business,  so-as-(to)-be 
on-the  safe-side.  I-speak  now  to  Jessup,  who-said  this 
on-his-own  knowledge,  and  who-has-had  time  to  discuss- 
the  subject.  They  misrepresent  us,  so-as-to  deceive  the 
House  of  Representatives,  which-is-the  body  to  decide 
the  case. 

REVIEW. 

Our  dispatching-a  message  of-such-a  length  to  unde- 
ceive Joseph  was  altogether  unexpected  by  him  or-the 
lawyer.  The  passage  of-this  law  is-a  disadvantage  to- 
the  outside  business  at-this-time,  and  will  discourage-the 
company.  I-said  my  custom  was  to  fasten  the  desk  and 
make  all  safe  at-a-time  such-as  this.  Jessup  had-the 
audacity  to  disobey  Mrs.  Jamison  by  making-an  ex- 
change of  things  in-his  custody.  I-suppose  Mrs.  Addi- 
son,  like  yourself  and  some  of-ns,  was  dissatisfied  in 
Mexico.  \-cxpcct  to  dispatch  them  to-his  wholesale 
house  by-the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Road,  as  I-said. 
Such  sagacity  may  possibly  succeed,  so-far-as  to  dis- 
lodge the  enemy  by  December.  To-those  of-us  on-the 
outside  the  business  outlook  in-these  days  in  Pennsylva- 
nia and  Massachusetts  seems-(to)-be  dismal.  She  tacitly 
disowns  having  any-such  design  in-this  law-suit,  as  Aliss 
Mason  and  yourself  know.  She-has  signified  an  anx- 
iety to  accede  to-the  wishes  of  Augusta  5n-this-respect, 
and  is  ready  to  discharge  her  duties.  If-is-no  disadvan- 
tage at-such-a  time,  st/ice-thev  specify  Missouri  as-the 
chosen  home.  The  disguise  of-which  \-speak  is  in  itself 
insufficie'nt,  but-the  day  is  misty,  and-the  assassin  may 
succeed  in  making-his  way  into-the  citv.  The  insuf- 
ficiency of-such  gossip  to  offset  his  abusive  writings  in- 
the  Gazette,  respecting-his  cousin,  is  easy  to  see.  I-said 
\-should  tlienceforth  dismiss  at-the  outset  such-an  un- 
satisfactory excuse  for-his  misrepresenting  me  \\\-those 

TAYLOR— 5. 


66 


BRIEF    SIGXS 


speeches  and  sketches  of-his.  If-his  cousin  will  hence- 
forth allow  him  to  inspect  the  books,  the  animosity  of- 
which  \-spoke  may  subside. 


LESSON  XXXI 

Iss  with  /-  or  R* 

Exercise       . 


(T 

-Q 


L=*± 

p\°N.     X~°  /^/^ 

jj  ^^^^*  ^^ 

_  ^ 

V-rv'     o    Q 

-*£T, 

/l-K1 

^/^ 

T 

7 

(60*7) 

(60^) 

(60^) 

alas 

syrup 

Alaska 

dissolve 

Silas 

(6oc) 

(  6oh  ) 

dazzle 

Celia 

resume 

sSlid 

Leslie 

(upward) 

(6o</) 

Sylvia 

missile 

salary 

Cyrus 

cellar 

muscle 

select 

arrows 

(6oO 

I-may-as-well 

Russell 

arise 

listen 

(i-M-sL  i) 

Saturday 

arrays 

lesson 

(6o/) 

resign 

sir 

Lawson 

nicely 

misery 

s<^r 

Louisiana 

continuously 

I-am  -sorry 

(6oe) 

(6oy) 

Kingsley 

(65<0 

assessor 

castle 

nasal 

(60^) 

wiser  I 

causal 

anything-else 

search 

lessor 

axle 

something-else 

service 

loser 

gazelle 

w 

sorry  (59) 

(6q/~) 

refusal 

Ellis 

Sarah 

baser 

vessel 

Alice 

serious 

desire 

for-sale 

else 

seriously 

BRIEF    SIGNS  67 

73.  For  final   r  after  a  circle  which  turns   like  the 
written  O,  ray  is  used. 

officer  sincere  resource 

no  sir  answer  research 

yes  sir  (omit  one  s)   razor  Ho^ser 

74.  The  outlines  of  derivatives  should  usually  adopt 
the  forms  of  the  original  words.     (Therefore,  the  fol- 
lowing words  are  exceptions  to  rule  60  z':) 

illness  alliance  allowance  3 

Exercise  60. 

I-shall  resume  my  researches,  and  I-wish  to  see  as- 
many-as-possible  of-the  assessors.  On  listening  to  my 
reasons.  Lawson  was  ready  to  resign  his  rights  in-the 
Louisiana  alliance.  I-am-sorry  Alice  spoke  so  hastily 
of  Houser's  illness.  If-such-an  allowance  is  insufficient, 
I-may-as-well  resign  all  hope  of  receiving  anything  for- 
the  vessel.  Leslie  was  sincere  in-his  refusal  to  receive 
aid  on-this  lesson.  Who-else  but-a  police  officer  has-a 
right  to  search-the  castle  ?  I-desire  to-be  of  service  in 
exchange  for-the  salary  Kingsley  pays  me.  Will  Sarah 
Russel  go  also?  No-sir,  she-has  something-else  to-do 
at-this-time.  If  anything-else  should  arise,  write  to 
Celia  and  she-will  answer.  Was  she  sorry,  sir,  to  have 
Jason  refuse-the  house  she-had  for-sale  ?  Yes-sir,  but 
I-suppose  it-is  to-his-own  advantage.  Being  contin- 
uously a  loser  in-this  business,  Ellis  has  no  resource  but 
to  select  something-else.  Silas  leaves  for  Alaska  on 
Saturday. 

REVIEW. 

Elizabeth,  w//ois-the  cousin  of  Adams,  spoke  eva- 
sively on-the  cause  of-the  exciting  episode.  I-may  thus 
influence  him  and  dispose  him  to  think  seriously  of  giv- 
ing-his  house  to-us  for-sale.  I  sincerely  respect  his 


68  BRIEF    SIGNS 

religious  views,  and  am  myself  always  anxious  to  solicit 
his  aid  and  listen  to-his  teachings.  They  misjudge  my 
capacity  to-be  of  service  \n-those  cities  henceforth.  The 
citizens  should  absolve  me,  since  they  know  such  lan- 
guage misrepresents  me.  Something-else  may  pacify 
him  in-his  misery  at-this  unexpected  discouragement . 
They  somehow  seem  dissatisfied,  and  look  enviously  on- 
such  examples  of  innocence  and  vivacity.  Cyrus  shows 
an  unwise  and  insane  tenacity  in  opposing  himself  to-the 
masonic  officers,  and  thus  accusing  them.  I-shall  my- 
self accuse  Julius  of  being  in-the  vicinity  of  Lansing 
on-the  Saturday  before  Thanksgiving.  Augustus  and 
Leslie  are  discussing-the  subject  of-the  special  signifi- 
cance of-the  book  of  Exodus.  She-says  this  dish  will  do 
nicely  to  dissolve  the  alum  in.  Has  Fiske  given  any 
sufficient  excuse  for  thus  accusing-and  vexing  these  un- 
happy boys?  The  House  of  Representatives  was  un- 
willing thenceforth  to  make  any  allowance  for  inspect- 
ing-\he.  books.  She-is-a  cousin  of  Jessup  who-said 
something  to-us  severat-days-ago  on-this  special  sub- 
ject. Has-the  religious  service  itself  had  no  influence 
on-his  life?  Oh-yes,  for  it-is  always  appealing  to-the 
higher  ideals  in  each  of-us. 


LESSON  XXXII 

The  Large  Circle,  Ses 

75.  A  large  circle,  used  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
small   circle,   represents   two  s  sounds  in   one  syllable. 
Its  name  is  ses,  and  it  is  indicated  by  ss. 

X>  Pss,  pe-ses;        \  ssR,  ses-ar. 

76.  When'  the  vowel  between  the  two  s's  is  needed 
for  legibility,  it  is  written  within  the  circle  thus:  p     de- 
cisive, ^-z~$£>  Anchises. 


BRIEF    SIGNS                                                   6< 

Exercise  61  . 

\>C^oi;k^/_JD_l)_0_D^oV.nV-h    £ 

(  '      Y                                               /^^  9   5^\  9         ®^\  ®\ 

v)     <7  xT")    xT?)  vAO  X^  O  Q  -O  Q'Q  /.      x/^  x^^  x^  G2  D          \        i 

OX        /^/^       /     y<S     V_©      O-fL~S\                  ®           \            P        \         X< 

d  R   6  fxN  /             Vs_  \        \o—  =-K          ^>  rr-x  J  /    \ 

i 

cK    G 

WITHOUT    VOWELS. 

passes 
possess 
supposes 
cases 
success 
suffices 
raises 

Moses 
commences 
houses 
refuses 
resources 
emphasis 
exercise 

consist 
system 
season 
Susan 
possessed 
desist 
resist 

insist 
necessity 
necessary 
unnecessary 
(N-Nss-R) 
Mississippi 
success 

successive 

WITH    VOWELS    IN   THE    CIRCLE. 

decisive  incisive  Cecil  recess 

WITH    VOWELS    NOT    IN    THE    CIRCLE. 

opposes  basis  leases  reduces 

pieces  offices  losses  society 

Note. — Remember  that  .r. consists  of  the  sounds  k-s  or  g-z. 

boxes  taxes  excess  exist 

Texas  fixes  excessive       exhaust 


ABBREVIATION 

possibilities 

Pss  I 

suspect 

ssP 

causes 

i 

accuses 

3 

themselves 

DHss 

enthusiasm 

N-THss 

enthusiastic 

N-THss 

ourselves 

Rss3 

yourselves 

Yss 

United  States 

Nss  i 

AND    POSITION. 

United  States  of 

America 
influences 
impossibilities 
successful-ly 
is  as.  is  his 
his  is,  his  has 
as  is,  as  has 
as  his,  has  his 


Nss-M  i 
Nss  i 
MPss  i 
sKss-F 

SS    I 
SS    I 

SS   2 
SS   2 


•JO  BRIEF    SIGNS 

PHRASING. 


(Use  ses  thus:      o     this  is  ;     Q-^   as  soon.) 

this  has  as  soon  as  the 

this  is  as  soon  as  possible 

this  is  a  it  is  said 

this  is  the  on  this  side 
in  these  cases  (see  50)       on  this  subject 

is  said  in  this  city 

has  said  in  this  suit 
as  soon  as 

Exercise  62. 

The  society  is  insisting  on-your  paying-the  taxes  on- 
the  houses  yourselves.  As-soon-as-the  summer  season 
commences,  they  expect  to  leave  the  United  States,  as- 
his  cousin  has-said.  This  system  5s-said  to-be  success- 
ful in-these  offices.  She  refuses  all  aid,  and  insists 
she-has-a  sum  which  suffices  for  all  necessaries.  Susan 
has  an  excessive  dislike  for-the  exercise,  and  alvvavs  in- 
fluences us.  if-possible,  to  pass  it,  as-is  her  wish  now. 
It-is  unnecessary  to  speak  in  so  decisive  a  way  of-these 
causes.  Moses  is  enthusiastic  and  fixes  the  time  for-the 
visit  to  Texas  at  December  15.  They  suspect  it-is 
among-the  impossibilities  to  succeed  in-this-suit.  Is-his 
cousin  to  speak  on-this  subject  since  this-has  come  to-his 
knowledge?  Looking  at-the  gems,  I-see  his-is  much 
like  yours  in  shape,  and  is-as  large,  but  his-has  fewer 
faces.  Cecil  accuses  us  as  being  ourselves  the  cause 
of-his  ill  success  on-this-side  of-the  sea.  They  them- 
selves show  no  enthusiasm  in  thus  amusing  us.  They 
possessed  no  knowledge  of-the  causes  for-this  emphasis 
on-the  possibilities  of-the  United  States  of  America. 


BRIEF    SIGNS  71 

REVIEW. 

This-is-a  necessity  which  exists,  and  stoicism  never 
insists  in-such-cases.  Cecil  was  in  Mississippi  several 
successive  seasons,  and  was  as  successful  in-his  specialty 
as-his  cousin.  The  fact  is-as  I-said,  she-is  suspicious 
and  opposes  our  receiving  Cecil,  as-well-as  yourself, 
into-the  society.  The  example  of-this  citizen 's  discour- 
agement somehow  effaces  all  our  enthusiastic  hopes  for 
success  on-this  basis.  They  suspect  the  house  of  Har- 
ris &-Co.,  in-the  United  States  of  America,  to-be  ex- 
hausting our  resources.  This  causes  us  to  lay  emphasis 
on-the  United  States  law.  This-is-the  wrong  of-\vhich 
it-is-said  Anson  accuses  me.  Use  the  recess  time  to  suit 
yourselves.  This-is-a  duty  which-the  manufactiirers 
themselves  should  see  to  as-soon-as-possible.  This  re- 
duces us  to-the  necessity  of  ourselves  paying  henceforth 
all  losses  in  excess  of  $50.  This  box  is-his  also,  and- 
the  two  boxes  have  in  them  all  his  leases  and  receipts 
for  taxes.  Ellis  has-his  hypothesis  on-this-subject,  and 
owes  it  to-the  citizens  to  give  it  to-them.  Moses  has- 
said  the  book  consists  of-a  thousand  pages.  Otis  sup- 
poses I  possess  no  knowledge  of-the  possibilities  of-such 
influences.  They  refer  to-the  synopsis  of-a  case  such- 
as-lias  come  up  in-this-suit.  Has-his  enthusiasm  become 
less  since  seeing  these  impossibilities?  No-sir,  his-is  an 
enthusiasm  which  passes  by  all  impossibilities.  I-am- 
sorry  my  faith  is  so  insignificant  in-these-cases,  since 
his-is  ahvays  so  high.  //<?~f-many  of-them  will  the 
com'mittee  of-the  House  of  Representatives  inspect,  and 
how-long  will  it  take  in-this-case  ? 


BRIEF    SIGN'S 


LESSON  XXXIII 

The  Small  Loop,  Steh 

77.  The  sounds  st  or  zd  beginning  or  ending  a  word, 
are  represented  by  a  small  loop  turned  as  the  circle 
would  be  turned  in  the  same  situation.  Its  name  is 

\  P 

steh,  and  it  is  indicated  by  st :     Ni   Pst,  pe-steh  :     f    stT, 

steh-te. 

Exercise  63. 


WITHOUT    VOWELS. 


composed 
supposed 
best 

just 
cost 
safest 

commenced 
haste 
west 

exposed 
convinced 
refused 

dust 
chest 

fast 
must 

discussed 
dismissed 

unjust 
invest 

step  (58^)  (6o<5) 

state  store  starch 

story  (stR)  star  .sturdy 

stock  storm  starve 


(6o/«)  (683) 

stt'al  bastings 

still  castings 

style  fastings 


WITH    VOWELS. 

opposed          honest  stop  adjust  (ajst) 

coast  .  induced         steady  stamp 

August  arrest  study  stung 


BRIEF    SIGNS 


73 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 


is  it,  is  to 

as  it,  as  tol 
has  it.  first  J 

-*- 

happiest 

Pst3 

at  first 

Tst3 

largest 

Jst  3 

next 

Nst 

stenography-er 

stN 

suggest 

sjst 

caused 

I 

accused 

3 

southeast 

sTHst  3 

assist-ance 

Sst 

almost 

all-Mst 

influenced 

Nst  i 

longest 

NGst 

youngest 

NGst  3 

request 

R-Kst 

machinist 

M-SHst 

investment 

N-Vst 

southwest 

sWst 

exercised 

Ks-Rst 

PHRASING. 


as  to  a — the     <r  t^_ 
as  it  was 
is  it  a — the 


is  it  possible 
is  it  necessary 
first  time 


Exercise  64. 

I-must  make  haste  to  assist  them  before-the  first  of 
August.  At-first  Steve  supposed  they-had  dismissed 
the  youngest  boy  at-the  request  of  August.  Stout,  the 
machinist,  was  asking-the  stenographer  as-to-the  charges 
on-the  castings.  Harris  is-the  happiest  boy  in-the  state 
since  they  commenced  to-go  to- the  coast  each  August. 
Is-it-necessary  to  suggest  anything  to-them  as-to  invest- 
ing-the  money  in-this  stock?  Is-it-a  cousin  of  Stella's 
who-is  going  to-the  Southeast  next  August?  Is-it  your 
wish  for-the  society  to  seek  the  safest  investment?  Is- 
it-possible  $50  will  pay  all-the  cost?  I  exercised  my 
best  powers  and  influenced  them  to  take-the  stock  as-it- 
was.  Has-it  caused  any  loss  to-your  company  in-the 
Southwest?  They  accused  August  of  stealing  some- 


74  BRIEF' SIC.  NS 

thing  at-the  store*  I-supposecl  this  space  was  for-the 
longest  and  largest  boxes.  They-have  for-the  first-time 
refused  to  adjust  the  business  satisfactorily  to-us.  I- 
think  it  almost  impossible  just  at-this-time  to  assist  him 
in-his  studies. 

REVIEW. 

\\i-may-be  necessary  to  lay  several  of-the  best  things 
in-the  chest,  as-it  never  will-do  to  leave  them  exposed 
to-the  dust.  I- was  at-first  convinced,  for  they-said  it- 
was  unjust.  It  still  seems  an  unsatisfactory  step  for-the 
society.  Is-it-necessary  to  say  I  somehow  induced  Steve 
to  resist  having-the  story  discussed?  At-his  request 
I-shall  make  the  next  outside  investment  in-the  South- 
west as  they  suggest.  Stella  was  dissatisfied  and  un- 
willing to  desist,  and  she  accused  me  of  being  amongst 
those  who  opposed  her.  I-was  amazed  at-his  stiff  style 
of  writing,  ancl-the  unnecessary  length  -of-his  loops. 
As  I  passed  the  store,  the  youngest  boys  stood  still  and 
spoke  to  me.  As-to-the  last  itemized  list,  it-was  refused 
by-the  copyist.  Is-it-possible  to  adjust  this  business 
first,  so-as-to  make-the  least  cost  to-the  machinist?  Be- 
ing unopposed,  she  caused  her  name  to-be  affixed  to  the 
lease.  They  suspect  the  manufacturers  thenceforth 
boxed  the  starch  in-the  cheapest  way.  I  exercised  my 
po~i.ver  to-the  utmost,  and  at-last  influenced  them  to  leave 
the  notice  just  as-it-was.  Is-it-the  longest  list,  as-is  sup- 
posed, which-is  to-be  annexed?  7Yicse  are  the  largest 
and  loftiest  elms  I-have  noticed  in  Massachusetts.  It 
vexed  the  sturdy  boy  to-be  stung  by  bees.  The  stealthy 
step  is  on-the  southeast  stairway,  as-it  seems-(to)-me. 
Has-it  for-the  first-time  given  a  stimulus  to-the  study  of 
statistics?  Is-it-an  impossibility  to-do  this,  if  Stella, 
the  stenographer,  is-to-have  the  assistance  of-a  copyist? 
The  memory  of-those  happiest  days  was  never  effaced 
by-the  storms  of  life. 


BRIEF    SIGNS  75 

LESSON  XXXIV 
The  Circle  for  st.    The  Large  Loop,  Ster. 

78.  a.  Between  stroke-consonants  in  words  or  phrases, 
the   sound  st  is  represented   by  the   circle   only,   thus: 

-    o        postal,      -s-~i>,'       mistake. 

b.    In  a  few  words  the  loop  may  be  used  medially, 

thus:     -k^  testify,     ..fa.     justify,      P~~'*>   distance. 

79.  a.    A  large  loop  represents  str  or  sthr  at  the  end 
of  a  word  or  phrase.     Its  name  is  ster  and  it  is  indicated 

by  str.  -..xy  Pstr,  pe-ster  ;      /       Rstr,  ray-ster. 

b.    The  large  loop   may  also  be  used  medially: 

(K^  disturb. 
So.    For  an  additional  s,  tss  may  follow  ses,  stch  or 

ster,  thus  :       <O   possesses,        —  ??    costs. 
Exercise  6j.  - 


(79) 

(So) 


76 


BRIEF    SIGNS 


Chester 
pastor 


faster 
Foster 


(7&0        (78*) 

testimony  testify 

majestic  justify 

text-book  destiny 

dishonestly  distance  register 

postoffice  (79#) 

domestic  master 
postage 


(79*) 

disturb 

yesterday 
Amsterdam 
(So) 


postmaster  costs 
luster  lasts 

Sylvester  Dexter         rests 


arrests 

invests 

wastes 

justice 

successes 

excesses 

registers 

paymasters 


is  there 
as  there  \ 
has  there  J 
up  stairs 

is  there  a 
is  there  any 

is  it  his 

as  it  is — has  "I 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

o 


Pstrs 


suggests 
shoestore 
bookstore 
distinguish 


sjsts 
SHstr 
B-Kstr. 
Dst-XG-SH 


PHRASING. 


(7S«) 
I  must  be 


as  it  (is)  said 
(Use  ses  for  sts) 


they  must  have    just  as  much 


as  to  his 
as  there  is 


just  as  much  as 
just  (as)  soon  as 


_&. 


she  must  go 
I  must  say 

just  now  (78^)    just  as  well  ( Jss-L) 
just  as  well  as 

Exercise  66. 

Chester  thinks  my  testifying  yesterday  as-to-his  tests 
was-a  mistake.  Dexter  must-be  off  for-the  shoestore  at 
seven,  and  Sylvester  inust-have-the  largest  cases  ready 
just-as-soon-as-possible.  Lester  is-the  boy  who- must- 
have  charge  of-the  text-book  lists  for-the  bookstore.  I- 
must-say  it-seems  just-as-well  to  take  his  testimony, 
as-there-is  nothing-else  before-the  justice  of-the  peace 
just-now.  I  honestly  think-the  distance  too  long  for- 
those  who-must-be  in  Amsterdam  soon.  I  must-go 
faster,  as-it-is  necessary  to-be  at-the  postoffice  before 


BRIEF    SIGXS  77 

five  to  register  the  package.  Is-there-a  book  of  Hes- 
ter's up- stairs?  Is-it-the  adjuster  for-the  company  who 
suggests  this  step  as-their  safest  hope?  Is  there-any- 
thing  in-this  to  disturb  our  domestic  life?  Is-there  - 
nothing  to  justify-the  postmaster  in  taking  such-a  step? 
Chester,  as-it-(is)-said,  wastes  his  money  in-'a  majestic 
style,  for  nothing  arrests  him.  This  silk  costs  less  and 
lasts  just-as-well,  but  it  has- no  luster.  Has-their  mes- 
sage given  Foster  the  distinguishing  signs  which-must- 
be  noticed  ? 

REVIEW. 

It-must-be-a  mistake  to  ask  so  much  postage  as-lhis. 
Those  who-may-be  doing-the  writing  must-have  just-as- 
much  time  as-is  necessary.  As-to-his  postal,  it-must-go 
to-the  post-office  just-as-soon-as-possible.  I-vvill  copy 
the  names  on-your  lists  just-as-well-as  I-know  how.  I- 
must-have-the  signatures  ready  for-the  pay-master  the 
Jirst-\\me  I-see  him.  Is-there  room  for-the  smallest 
chests  up-stairs  in-his-own  house?  Is-it-the  injustice 
of-the  task-master  which  allows  us  no  rest?  Is-there  no 
way  to  distinguish  such  signs  as-this?  No  songsters  are 
seen  \n-these  dim  recesses.  Ottr  huckster  almost  always 
has  lobsters  for-sale.  They-must-be  satisfied,  as-it-(is)- 
said  your  son  is  to-be-the  next  pastor.  I  must-be  still 
seeking  success,  though  just-now  his  sinister  designs  are 
delaying  me.  She  possesses  no  castors  for-the  lounge, 
and  it-must-have  some.  Is-it-his  wish  to-go  now,  as- 
there-is  nothing'  \vhich-must-be  seen  to?  Chester  sug- 
gests my  selling-the  bookstore  just  as-it-is.  Has-their 
adjuster  come  to  fix  up  the  fire  losses  at  Dexter's  whole- 
sale shoestore  ?  As-there  may-be  guests  at  Mrs.  Kings- 
ley's  in  December.  I-may-as-well  stay  at  Hester's. 
On-his  saying  this  to-a  cousin  of-his,  I-was  satisfied  and 
wrote  to  make  excuses-  for-him.  Lester  is-to  go  to-a 
store  on-this-side  of-the  avenue  to  buy-a  new  stove  for 
Mrs.  Dempster.  I-am-sorry  Foster  owes  me  anything- 
else  besides  this.  Those  who-said  this  as-though  object- 
ing to  it,  desire  to  situate  themselves  in-a  similar  way. 


78  BRIEF    SIGNS 

LESSON  XXXV 

Semicircles  Representing  W  and  Y 

Si.  A  small  semicircle  joined  at  the  beginning  of  a 
stroke  represents  iv  or  y  in  certain  cases  when  used  as  a 
consonant.  A  circle  divided  vertically  gives  the  brief 
signs  for  w,  divided  horizontally,  for  y,  thus:  c  j  w :  ^  ^  y. 
The  names  of  these  signs  are  -voch,  ivuh  and  yeh.  ynh, 
and  they  are  indicated  by  w  and  y. 

a.  web:      <\     ]     /    \,l    J 

b.  wuh  :       .j 5 -j  — _ 

c.  veh:        "\     *} 

\     I    / 

d.  yuh :         n fv^ 

82.  With  /ay,  ray,  em,  and  en,  the  w  is  joined  as  an 

initial  hook,  thus:    £        (/          ^-^       ^ , 

wel     vver         wem      wen 

Note.— L  and  R  are  always  upward  with  this  hook.  (M  may 
follow  ray  with  a  hook  :  tjs  warm.) 

83.  Iss  may  be  written  within  the  brief  w  or  y,  thus: 

/     switch,      jrf^x     usurp,  c/  swear, 

^-^  swim,  fc  swell,  ^^.  swine. 


BRIEF  SIGN: 


79 


Exercise  67. 


JLu. 


J~^LJ±  ^  Vk i  o  S^^U^L. 


(81  a  and  £) 

weep 

watch 

weaver 

Watson 

web 

wages 

waves 

width 

wait 

wedge 

woof 

equip 

weight 

wake 

wash 

liquid 

widow 

walk 

wing 

wood 

wife 

witness 

(82) 

will  (noun) 

wool 

worst 

Winnie 

Willie 

unwieldy 

work 

windy 

William 

weary 

worth 

window 

willow 

war 

worship 

Winchester 

wall 

wire 

warm  (See8^ote) 

wine 

well 

warp 

unwearied 

Wednesday 

wealth 

wear 

unworthy 

wince 

welcome 

warehouse 

wigwam 

once 

Wallace 

worse 

win 

Edwin 

(Sic 

and  d} 

yacht 

yoke 

yelk 

yore 

Yates 

Yocum 

Ulysses 

Europe 

Yeddo 

yellow 

Eunice 

So  BRIEF    SIGXS 

(83) 

sweep  switch  swarm  dissuade 

sweet  swear  wisdom          unswayed 

Swede  swore  usurp  swallow 

ABBREVIATION'    AXD    POSITION. 

we  will      wL  i  anywhere  N-wR  i  with  me  wM  i 

while         wL  I  nowhere  N-wR  2  with  my  wM  i 

awhile       wTL  i  somewhere  sM-wR  we  know  wXo  i 

we  are      wR  i  aware  wR  3  when  wN  i 

where        wR  unaware  N-wR  3  whenever  wX-V 

wherever  vvR-V  we  may  wM  i  one  wX  2 

whereby   wR-B  we  must  wMst  i 

PHRASING. 

we  will  be — have  somewhere  else 

with  reference  (wR-F)  we  may  have — go 

with  respect  (wR-sP)  we  must  be — go 

anywhere  else  we  must  have 

nowhere  else  once  in  (a)  while 

Exercise  68. 

We-must-be  satisfied  with-reference  to-his  welfare  by 
Wednesday  of  next  week.  We-will  wait  for  Edwin  at- 
the  south  wing  of-the  house.  We-are  well  satisfied  when 
we-may  see  them  somewhere  once-in-(a)-while.  Wal- 
lace's wife  will  wait  and  sweep  the  rooms  while  we-are 
away.  We-know  the  witness  will  refuse  to  swear  to-the 
width  of-the  wall.  Walk  on  one-side  of-the  willows, 
and  go  nowhere-else.  We-must-see  him  with-respect 
to-the  wisdom  of  taking  up  some  work  whereby  to  aid 
him.  We-must-have  one  of-the  boys  along  wherever 
we-m ay-go.  I-am  worthy  of-your  faith  and  expect  to 
win  it.  William  swore  I-was  nowhere  but  at-the  switch 
watching  all-the  while.  We-mtist-go  once  to  see  Wat- 


BRIEF    SIGNS  8 1 

son,  or  wire  him  where  we-may-be  seen.  They  seem 
at-home  anywhere  in  Europe.  The  wTall'  may-be  unsafe 
on-a  windy  day.  We-will  look  at-his  wares  before  buy- 
ing anywhere-else.  She  was  aware  of-my  wish  to-have 
her  with-me  whenever  it-was  possible.  Yates  will  sell 
his  yoke  of  oxen  to  Weaver.  I-was  unaware  of-your 
wish  to  sell  the  yacht.  Where  may-I  rest  awhile  with- 
my  baggage  ?  The  air  is  sweet  and  warm  among-the 
willows. 

REVIEW. 

We- will-have  our  rights  on-the  Wabash,  though-the 
worst  may  come.  We-are  watching-the  waves  as-they 
wash  up  almost  on-the  deck.  The  yelk  of-an  egg  has- 
a  rich  vellow  hue.  William's  leaving-the  company  was 
iiir^isc,  but  Edwin's  usurping  my  rights  at  Winchester 
was-a  worse  thing  to-do.  7W/-necessary  to-have  Willie 
wear  his  warm  wool  cap  ?  Sitting  by-the  window,  I-saw 
Winnie  walking  among-the  willows  as-though  weary  of- 
the  warm  rooms.  Where  may-I  sit  and  talk  awhile 
with-my  cousin?  I-was  unaware  of-your  going  any- 
where but  to  Warsaw  on  Wednesday.  When  Yocum 
commences  to  work  with-me  011  my  specialties  his  wages 
will  be  $25  a -week.  We-will  ask  Watson  with-respect 
to-the  weight  of-a  similar  wedge  of  wood.  While  in- 
the  war  William  commenced  the  use  of  wine.  She-is 
weary  of-this  tinsatisfactory  life,  and  weeps  for-the  days 
of  yore.  I-was  aware  tJicnccforth  of-his  unworthy 
aims  with-respect  to-the  use  of-his  wealth.  We  know 
Ulysses  and  Yates  are  misrepresenting  us  in-the  ware- 
house, whereby  they  seek  to  dissuade  Baxter.  Nowhere- 
else  do-they  equip  a  vessel  so  well.  We-may-go  as-far- 
as  the  meadow  fence  to  see  the  bees  swarm.  We-must 
lay  aside  this  unwieldy  machinery,  for  it-is  now  insuffi- 
cient for-the  work.  Eunice  is  unwearied  in-the  search, 
but  has-the  disadvantage  of  seeking  nowhere  Jong. 
We-are  watching-the  warp  and  woof  as-the  weaver 
works.  They-may  worship  whenever  and  wherever 

TAYLOR — 6. 


82  BRIEF    SIGNS 

they  choose.  J/rs.  Yates  was  unswayed  by-the  unwel- 
come news  of-the  will.  Shall-I-go  somevyhere-else  for- 
the  stamps? 


LESSON  XXXVI 

The  Semicircle  in  Vowel  Positions 

84.  A  semicircle  placed  beside  a  consonant  stroke  in 
a  vowel  position  represents  the  vowel  of  that  position 
preceded  by  TV  or y.    These  combinations  are  called  co- 
alescents,  since  we  is  really  ob-e  and  ye  is  e-e,  etc.    For 
dot-vowels  weh  and  yeh  are  used  ;  for  dash-vowels,  wuh 
and  yuh.    (See  Si.) 

TABLE. 

r  !•  L  r  i-_  L_ 

we   wa  wa  wa   wo  woo 

r.  VV  [  ':  L 

wi    we    wa  wo    wii  \\oo 

r  I-  L  r  F  L_ 

ye  ya  ya  ya  yo  yoo 

r  k  i  ;r  h'L_ 

yt  ye  ya  yo  yu  yoo 

85.  A  diphthong  sign  widened  to  form  a  right  angle, 
represents  the  diphthong  preceded  by  u*,  thus:        |    wi, 


86.    A  coalescent  sign  may  be  joined  to  a  consonant 
or  a  vowel  sign. 

a.    For  y  preceding  a  diphthong,  the  semicircle 


BRIEF    SIGNS  83 

may  be  joined  to  the  diphthong  sign,  or  the  first-place 
dot  may  be  written  for*the  y,  thus: 

^v       v^"  genii,  X~X"">  meow. 

b.  The  third-position  coalescent  ending  a  word, 
or  the  wi  beginning  a  word,   may  often  be  joined,    (u 
may  be  used  for  civ.*) 

nephew        mania       wide 

c.  A  tick  may  be  joined  for  a  following  vowel, 
as  shown  in  paragraph  39  for  diphthongs: 

Buell  ruin 

Exercise  69. 


\    !    L 

Note.-  A  coalescent  to  be  written  is  italicized.  See  84  and  85. 

query 
tweezers 
twist 
AquiUa 

twig 
tw  z'tch 
Qwz'gley 
qi/arry 

quake 
bewail 
inquest 
bequest 

youth 
7/nYque 
?^nite 
7/nify 

qualms 
man  me 
quack 
twice 

acquit 
See  S6£. 

squaw 

quotH  ' 

unison 

review 
due 
sue 

stat?/e 
stat?/ary 
rescue 

insignzVz 
Antonm 
Celia 

Cecil  ia 
Am("lz'<7 
Olivz'a 

widest 
wipe 
wight 

Note.  —  Sometimes  another  vowel, 
portant  than  the  coalescent,  and  in 

if  accented, 
some  cases 

is  more  im- 
no  vowel   is 

needed. 


84 


BRIEF    SIGNS 


Xenia     equity  quiet  iniquity       vanquish 

Delia      pneumonia     exquisite     bequeath     acquiescence 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

87.  For  some  common  words  containing  w  or_y,  the 
semicircles  are  used  alone,  the  position  and  direction 
being  determined  bv  the  vowel, — those  having  second 
and  third-place  vowels  all  taking  the  second  position. 

Note. — Find  the  signs  in  the  table  (841;  this  will  greatly  aid 
in  learning  them. 


with 


what  or  water 


would 


ye  or  year 


et 


you 


beyond 


yearly         /   ..          whatever     \\hat-V          quick     K-K 


PHRASING. 


(toid) 
I  were 
I  would 
I  would  be 


(83) 
we  said 
what  is 
years  ago 


you  should  (48) 

(50) 
we  had 

we  hope 

if  you  will 
you  and  I 
you  said 
are  you 

Exercise  70. 

We-have-seen  no  notice  whatever  of-the  rescue  we- 
had  last  week.  Quigley's  step  was  quiet,  though  quick. 
We-hope  we-do  right,  for  we-have-no  wish  to-do  what-is 
wrong.  At-what-time  are-we  to-have-the  inquest?  I- 
would  assist  you  if  she-would-be  willing.  How  shall-I 


(no  angle) 
you  say  (24) 
you  saw 
you  shall 


BRIEF    SIGNS  85 

answer  as-to  what  I-shall-do  with-the  bequest?  If-I- 
were  ready  I-would  go  with  Antonia.  You-say  we-said 
we-knew  it  several  years-ago  ?  We-fear  you-are  mak- 
ing-a  mistake  in  uniting  with-this  company.  We-must 
thank-you  for  twice  acquitting  our  nephew.  You- 
shou  Id-be  satisfied  if-you-think  you-will-have  a  yearly 
income  with-which  to  work.  If-you-have  time  when 
you-are  in  Yeddo,  will-you  visit  Amelia  ?  If-you-see 
•William  at-the  fair,  you-may  give  him  this  message  for 
Olivia,  if-you-will.  Do-you-have  sufficient  money  for 
Celia,  or  do-you-think  of  asking  for-a  check?  Would- 
the  water  have-had  time  to  rise  beyond-the  stakes  yet? 
What  year  were-they  on-the  lakes  with-your  wife  and 
you?  "  Because  I  live  ye-shall  live  also." 

REVIEW. 

\Ve-expect  still  to  visit-the  Yarrow  each  year,  as  we- 
have-said.  \Vhat-is-the  reason  these  youths  argue  with 
one  in  so  unique  a  way?  They-were  expecting  to  pay 
you  at  Thanksgiving  zu/ien-the  money  was  due.  It- 
would-be  well  to  know  what-was-said  of-the  exchange 
by  Aquilla.  This-is-the  quietest  nook  we-have-seen 
anywhere,  and  we-shall  stay  awhile.  It-is-a  life  which- 
would-be  like  Utopia  to-you,  and  you-shall  stay  with-us 
if-you  will.  We-have-a  mania  for  statuary,  being  as 
enthusiastic  as-ever.  Are- we  ourselves  yet  ready  for-a 
quick  review  of-the  lessons  on-the  United  States  of 
America?  We  suspect  Ulysses  wore  no  insignia  of-his 
rank  as-his  usual  custom  was.  We-have-said-the  monev 
would-be  ready  when  due,  and  this-is  as-much-as  it-is 
possible  to  say.  You-shall-have  all-the  time  you-wish, 
for  it-seems-(to)-me  we-shall-have  no  use  for-the  money 
before  Thanksgiving.  We,  in-the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, were  all  ready  to  eulogize  him.  With-a  yelp 
the  dog  leaps  beyond-the  edge  of-the  water  as-his  mas- 
ter speaks  to-hiin.  Do  ye  yourselves  have  no  qualms  at 
committing  such  iniquities?  Your  nephew  will  give  far 
beyond  his  quota  for-thc  assistance  of-the  discharged 


86  BRIEF    SIGN'S 

teamsters.  VVe  bewail  the  loss  of-the  quarry  just-as- 
much-as  they  themselves  do.  Is-it  unexpected  to  see 
swarthy-faced  squaws  in-a  wigwam?  In  justice  and 
equity  you-should  bequeath  something-else  to-him.  The 
voices  in  unison  make  sweet  music.  Who- would  think 
they  would  go  twice  on-such-a  quest?  Delia  had-the 
pneumonia  white  in  Xenia. 


LESSON  XXXVII 

Enlarged  Semicircles 

88.  To  represent  two  of  the  words  under  87  a  larger 
sign  is  used.  These  signs  are  made  horseshoe  shape, 
and  take  the  position  of  the  first  word  in  the  combina- 
tion.. They  are  called  weh-weh,  wuh-wuh,  weh-yeh, 
wuh  yuh  and  yuh-yuh,  respectively.  All  but  the  last 
are  given  in  two  positions. 

a.    For  w-w  the  sign  is  horizontal : 
C  D 


c 

a 

we  were 
we  would 
with  what 

were  we 

what  we 
what  were 
what  would 

would  we 

b.  For  w-y  the  sign   takes  the   natural   writing 
slant: 

O                                               O 
Ct o 

with  you  were  you  what  you         would  you 

c.  For  y-w  the  sign  is  vertical  \\keyou. 


you  were 
you  would 


BRIEF    SIGNS 


87 


£9.    A  still  larger  sign  may  represent  three  words: 


what  were  you 
what  would  you 
what  you  were 
what     ou  would 


Exercise 


what  were  we 
what  would  we 
what  we  were 
what  we  would 


. 


T 


"T 


Exercise  72. 

We-\vould-be  willing  to  help  you  if-you-\vould  take 
what-we-do  as  honest  and  fair.  Have-you  no  memory 
of -the  work  we-vvere-doing-a  year-ago?  Ask  her  if 
what-we-say  is  right.  What-would-it  cost  to  carry  the 
water-pipe  beyond-the  wall  ?  What-were  Winnie  and 
Willie  doing?  I-wish  you-would  take  me  with -you. 
Would-you-have  supposed  you-would-be  so  successful 
in-this?  Would-you-say  you-were  in  error  ?  Were-vou 
in  Europe  last  year?  You-said  you-would-go  at  seven; 
do-you-expect  me  to-go  with-you  ?  You-would-have 
liked-the  poem  if-you-had  seen  it.  We-know  what-you 
desire;  why  are-you  worrying  us  with-it?  You-will 
soon  be  where  you-were  hoping  to-go.  You-say  you- 
know  you-were  never  in-time.  Do-you-vvish  you-and-I 
going  with-them  ?  You-must  show  us  what-you- 


88  BRIEF    SIGNS 

were-doing  as  we  came  in.  How  were-we  to  know 
what-you-were-doing  or  what-you-would  wish  us  to-do? 
What-would-you-say  to  making-a  thorough  review? 

REVIEW. 

We-were  untwisting-the  wire  so-as-to-be  ready  for-the 
work.  We-would-be  happier  if-those  in  alliance  tvith- 
us  were  less  wily.  Were-we  to  ship  the  waxwork  on 
Wednesday,  which-is-the  day  William  had  set  for-his 
own  work?  YVhat-we  most  bewail  is-this  time  lost  in 
situating  ourselves  to  satisfy  you.  What-were  they 
waiting  for,  as-if  expecting  the  genii  to  give  them  some- 
thing? .What-would-it  cost  to  equip  such  ships  a^-this 
which  wg-have-seen  ?  We-would-have  no  right  to-the 
wealth  we-had  amassed  in-this-city.  With-you,  this 
may-be  impossible  in-the  swirl  of -your  wholesale  busi- 
ness in  Pennsylvania,  Were-you  watching-the  bewitch- 
ing fairies  on  yon  -water  lily?  What-you-say  is  signifi- 
cant enough  to  make  me  quake  with  fear,  //ozt'-much 
would-you  think  a  sufficiency  as-an  allowance  for-the 
•whole  thousand  folios?  You-were  walking  warily, 
though  you-had-the  widest  space,  as-is  now  seen.  What- 
were-you  doing  when-the  earthquake  came  severa/-da\s- 
ago?  What-would-you-have  given  to  Yule  if-you-had 
discharged  the  stenographer?  Show  me  what-you 
swathe  the  lame  arm  in.  I-know  what-you-would-do 
for  me  in  Pennsylvania  and  Massachusetts,  so-as-to 
keep  me  in-the  alliance.  I-may-as-well  say  we-would 
take  the  money  of -you  now  if-you-had  it.  I-have  already 
signified  to-you  what- we- were  hoping  for  ever-s'mce 
you-came.  You-have  given  no  insignificant  assistance, 
for  what-were-we  before  you-were  with-us  ?  Have  ye 
never  yet  seen  the  insujjiciency  of-such  influences  to  dis- 
suade us? 


BRIEF    SIGNS  89 

LESSON  XXXVIII 
Brief  Signs  for  H 

90.  For  h  beginning  a  syllable  which  ends  in  a  con- 
sonant a   small  tick  is  used.      The  name  of  the  tick  is 
heh,  and  it  is  indicated  by  h. 

a.  Before  most  of  the  consonants  the  tick  slants 

"\        /  \          /  1 

upward  like  ray  (void)  :    \    / 

hP  hCH  hF  hTH  hSH     hN 

b.  Before  K,  M,  W  and  R  the  tick  is  downward 

like  chay  (choid):  ^ —    * —     /— ^     *-^         i          ' 

hK     hG     hM    hMP   hR    hW 

c.  Before    L,    the   tick   is    downward    like    P — 

(poid):    •/• 

Note. — This  tick  in  its  various  forms  is  distinguished  from 
the  joined  /  by  position,  direction,  or  the  presence  of  vowels, 
and  by  the  context. 

91 .  In  the  combination  tv/i.  the  h  is  sounded  before  the 
iv  and  is  therefore  written  before  it  in  shorthand,  thus: 

(Poid)  ^.^  whine,  I     whet, 

I/I      whirl,       (roid)  <"~^  whim 

92.  Where  the  tick  can  not  readily  be  written,  the  h 
may  be  represented  by  a  dot  placed  before  the  vowel, 


thus:  >  mayhap,  s\^  rehash,    /Tj; — Mohawk. 


9° 


BRIEF    SIGNS 

Exercise  ?j. 


Note. — When  heh  is  to  be  written  before  r,  use  ar,  and  not  ray. 

hence  heavy  hark 

handy  hush  harp 

hinge  Hutchison  Harlow 

hyrnn  horse  harsh 

hammock  hear  harm 

homely  here  harmony 

93.  In  many  outlines  the  h  may  be  omitted  altogether, 
wheel  whim  white 

whale  whip  behalf 

whence  wheat  mishap 

94.  In  the  following  words  the  stroke  H  may  be  used, 
or  the  tick  or  dot  with  a  downward  R. 

adhere  cohere  abhor 

(Practice  all  the  words  under  91,  92,  93  and  94,  as 
well  as  the  list  following  the  last  exercise  above.) 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

he  heh  2     — u  half  F  3 

Note. — On  account  of  its  vowel  the  he  would  naturally  take 
the  first  position,  but  to  distinguish  it  from  I,  it  is  placed  on  the 
line  and  made  downward.  After  signs,  made  upward  it  is  not 
like  /. 


BRIEF    SIGXS  91 

PHRASING. 
(65")  ) 

he  has  |       *  was  he    -1- 

he  is     /  said  he       I 

(;i3)  (choid) 

he  has  had ")  ^  has  he       /> 

he  said         J  /° 

,      ,  is  he      , 

he  has  a  I 

\  -*-  he  says  (he-sZ) 

he  is  a     J  J     v 

x     .  ,N  he  and  I   —  A ,. 

(roid) 

1,1  I  he  should    — £- 

had  he      — I— 

Exercise  74.. 

He-must  hang-the  window  with  heavy  hinges.  He- 
may  arrange-the  business  with  Harlow  in  harmony  with 
our  wishes.  He-should-go ;  and  if-he-does  he-and-I  will 
see  you  at  Harley's  store.  Hitch-the  white  horses  to-the 
hearse  and-the  hacks.  He  hung  his  cap  on-a  hook  in- 
the  hall.  Hush  your  talking  so  we-may  hear  the  hymn. 
He-would-be-the  last  to  give  up  any  whim.  He-shall 
haul  the  wheat  to-the  city  for-you  when  he-has-the 
wheels  fixed.  Is-he  willing  to  speak  in-my  behalf? 
He-goes  this  week  to  Europe  to  study  the  harp  and 
will -be  away  half -the  year.  "Whence  came -the 
books?"  said-he.  He-should-be  here  soon  if  he-has-had 
no  mishap  on-the  way.  Was-he  in-the  room  and  had- 
he  my  harp?  Has-he  Hiram's  top?  Xo,  he-has  yours, 
and  he-is  whirling  it  on-the  walk.  He-has-no  knowl- 
edge of  Hutchison's  being  in  Mohawk  Valley.  I  still 
adhere  to  my  idea.  He-has-a  heavy  whip. 
REVIEW. 

He-was  watching  her  make-a  wider  hem  in-his-own 
hammock.  He-is-the  handiest  of-the  boys,  and  is-a 
machinist*  hence  he-may-be  doing  no  harm.  We-ivill 


92  BRIEF    SIGNS 

hire  him  to  whet  our  knives  when  he-comes  by  here. 
He-must-be-the  one  of  -whose  inefficiency  you-spoke. 
He-has  much  enthusiasm  for  music,  but  he-has-no  harp 
of-his-own.  It-is-a  huge  heap  of  sticks  lying  beside-the 
hedge.  Hark  and  hear  how  hoarse  her  voice  is  since 
her  illness.  It-seems-(to)-me  he-had  too  heavy  a  whip. 
He-was  giving  us  a  rehash  of-his  whale-fishing  stories 
while  we-were  waiting.  We-know  the  pieces  will  easily 
cohere.  This-is  but-a  hoax,  for  we-are  all  aware  how 
he  abhors  such  things.  He-has-a  twig  with-a.  small 
hangnest  on  it.  It-was-a  harmless  whitish  liquid.  He- 
and-I  were  on-the  wharf  to-do  homage  to-you.  He-says 
they-were  working  together  harmoniously  when-the 
hapless  nephew  influenced  the  youngest  boy  to-go  some- 
iu/iere-e\se.  This  successful  piece  of  whitewashing  is- 
his  handiwork.  I  hear  the  whirring  of  wings  beyond- 
the  hedge  whenever  I-am  still.  We-were  fearing  he- 
would-\\<\\e  hemorrhage  of-the  lungs.  We-were  listen- 
ing to  hearsay  testimonv  as-to-his  teachings.  What-we 
think  they  fear  most  is  heresy.  Were-you  at  The 
Hague  while  in  Europe?  He  asks  what-you  think 
of-this  as-a  harmonious  effect.  Would-you-say  it-was 
hectic  warmth  ?  T"ou-were-\\\e  one  who  harmonized 
what-we-were  doing  with  what-we-were  saying.  \Ve- 
said  you-would  do-the  work  so  handily.  You-were 
harsh  when  you-said  we  should-have  no  yearly  allow- 
ance whatever.  We-will-be  watching  for  Hiram  once-. 
in-(a)-while. 


LESSON  XXXIX 

Use  of  Strokes  for  Consonants  Having  Brief  Signs 

95.  a.  In  words  whose  vowels,  if  written,  require 
strokes  for  5,  /,  w,  y,  or  //,  in  order  to  show  their  posi- 
tions, the  strokes  are  always  used  instead  of  the  brief 
signs,  whether  the  vowel  is  written  or  not.  For  exam- 
ple, in  the  word  aside,  if  the  circle  is  used  for  the  s, 


BRIEF    SIGXS  93 

there  is  no  place  to  write  the  a;   therefore  the  outline 
S-D  must  be  used. 

b.  The  use  of  a  stroke  for  a  consonant  \vhich 
has  a  brief  sign  indicates  that  a  vowel  is  to  be  read 
with  it.  The  form  of  the  outline  thus  indicating  the 
presence  of  some  vowel,  it  is  usually  unnecessary  to  write 

the  vowel.    For  example,  the  outline    Y       \    shows  that 
a  vowel  is  to  be  read  with  the  6",  so  that  the  word  must 

be  asleep,  and  not  sleep,  which  would  be  written  £     \. 
The  outline     | p    essence  can  net  be  sense,  which  would 

be  written      <i p  .     Rust  is  written    />     ?    but     /^l      's 

rusty.     Short  e  (e),  pronounced  with  such  a  stroke  in 
reading,  will  usually  suggest  the  word. 


96.    General  rule  for  the  use  of  strokes  in  full  outlines : 
a.    Write  a  stroke  for  each  syllable,  and  provide 
a  place  for  each  vowel. 


BRIEF    SIGNS 


CONTRASTED  WORDS  ILLUSTRATING   THE  RULE. 

(Read  across  each  pair  of  columns.) 

hire  hurry 

here  hero 

horse  Horace 

haste  hasty 

hSnest  honesty 

August  Augusta 

August's        Augustus 
rest  receipt 

vast  visit 

test  tacit 

opposed          opposite 
deposed  deposit 

best  Bassett 

fast  faucet 

request  requisite 

host  hostess 

b.  Exceptions  occur  where  a  syllable  has  only  a 
vowel:  Asa,  Iowa  ;  or  where  an  initial  or  final  conso- 
nant may  be  represented  by  a  brief  sign,  the  vowels  be- 
ing otherwise  provided  for. 


side 

aside 

sleep 

asleep 

scope 

escape 

sum 

assume 

juice 
tennis 

juicy 
Tennessee 

bees 
does 
lease 

busy 
dizzy 
lessee 

laws 

lazy 

pies 
odds 

pious 
odious 

case 

chaos 

joys 
wake 

joyous 
awake 

wait 

await 

easy 

assess 

assist 


Asa 
soda 
society 


Iowa 

passes 

stocky 


Ohio 
witty 
woody 


(See  74)     Lacey's,  Macy's,  Lizzie's. 

97.    When  all  the  consonants  in  a  word  are  such  as 
have  brief  signs,  a  stroke  must  be  used  for  one  of  them, 
and  preference  is  given  first  to  w  orjy,  and  then  to  h. 
weighs  whey  yeast  Hester 

sway  whist  houses  hasten 

west  whistle  haste  hazel 

Worcester(Wstr)yes  host 


BRIEF    SIGNS  95 

98.  Initial  s  should  be  a  circle  (unless  it  is  the  only 
consonant). 

cease  size  sauce 

ceases  seize  Susie 

Note. — Where  5  is  the  only  consonant  in  a  word  the  stroke 
must  be  used  ;  also  in  derivatives  of  such  words  :  say,  says ; 
saw,  saws,  etc. 

99.  H  followed  by  s  is  always  a  stroke, 
hasp  husk  husky  hasten 

100.  Initial  z  is  a  stroke. 

zeal  zero  Xenia  Zion 

101.  Words  beginning  with  sw,  followed  by  a  hori- 
zontal stroke  or  /,  may  be  written  with  the  stroke  for  w, 
if  preferred.      (Compare  81  a,  and  83.) 

swallow  swim  swing  swag 

swell  swamp         swung 

Exercise  76. 

I-will  ask  Hugh  Harrison  to  write-the  essay,  for  it-is 
always  easy  for-him.  This  saw  weighs  as-much-as  yours 
but  is  smaller  in  size.  On  Tuesday  Jessie  will  leave  for 
Iowa  to  visit  her  cousin  Augusta.  I-saw  Louis  seize-the 
hoe  and  go  to  work  with-a  will  (wL).  Hester  will  go 
to  Ohio  on  receipt  of-my  message  and  will  await  my 
coming  in  Xenia.  Chester  Howe  never  ceases  to  enjov- 
the  game  of  whist.  I-will  assist  Bessie  to  make-the 
yeast.  When-the  storm  ceases,  we-shall-go  to  visit-the 
asylum.  I  assume  you-will  easily  reach  Omaha  by-the 
r 2th.  They  set  aside  all  he-said  as  worth  nothing. 
I-was  asleep  at-first  but  awoke  as  we-came  into  Xenia. 
It-is  easier  to  await  Lizzie's  coming  in  Ottawa.  The 
business  affairs  of  Augustus  Smith,  the  lessee,  are  in-a 
state  of  chaos.  Fawcett  thinks-the  jury  will  assess  the 


96  BRIEF'    SIGNS 

damages  too  low.      It  makes  me  dizzy  to  hurry  so  fast. 
Daisy  came  in  with  rosy  cheeks,  for-the  air  was  at  zero. 

REVIEW. 

The  houses  of  Macy,  the  assignee,  were  assessed  at 
$4,000,  as-his  cousin  has-said.  They  seem  to-be  having 
as  joyous  a  time  as-ever,  but  are  too  noisy  with-\i.  We- 
shall  make-a  hasty  visit  to  Lehigh  Valley,  as-it  seems- 
(to)-be  necessary  for  various  causes.  We-will  fasten  it 
with-a  hasp,  as-this  lock  is  too  rusty.  Will  Susie  go 
ahead  of  Ezra  in-this  study?  Yes-sir,  this-is  ivhat  she- 
is  hastening  to-do.  In  Tennessee  I-saw  holly  for-the 
first-time.  Is-it-possible  the  noise  I  hear  is  caused  by 
chimney  swallows?  Is-it-the  saucy  boy  whistling  in-the 
southeast  meadow?  Deputy  Zion  has  always  a  haughty 
and  odious  way  in  adjusting  any  business,  Thev  them- 
selves are  now  enthusiastic,  being  awake  to-the  possibil- 
ities of-the  business  in-the  United- States-of- Am erica. 
This-has  some  advantage  for  yourselves,  but  jyew-must- 
be  busy  or  it-may  escape  you.  It-is-said  this-is-the 
necessary  effect  in-t/iese-cases,  where  the  requisite  zeal 
is  lacking.  Has-it  influenced  the  stenographer  to-go 
to  Worcester?  \-would  suggest  an  investment  in  stock 
in  Bassett's  company  in  one  of-the  states  in-the  South- 
east. Is-there-K  minister  by-the  name  of  Lacev  at-the 
house  of-your  hostess?  We-were  with-my  son  in-the 
cosy  summer  house  in-the  hollow,  and  were  nowhere- 
else.  Would-we  do  well  to  deposit  money  in  Hawley's 
bank  when  on-a  visit  to-the  Southwest  ?  Looking  west 
the  horizon  at-first  seems  far  off.  Our  host  has  much 
pious  talk,  but  is  accused  of  having  small  honesty. 
As-tt-is  impossible  to  distinguish  the  hero,  is-there- 
anything  to-do  but  to  respect  them  all  alike? 


BRIEF    SIGNS 


97 


Note. — Distinguish  by  shading 
fareful  writing. 

Adams,  Thomas,  James 
Will,  Willie 
well,  wall,  wheel 
Willis,  Wells,  Wales, 

Wallace 

past,  opposed,  best 
must,  most,  himself 
staid,  steady 
least,  lost,  lowest 
he.  who 
next,  longest 
influence,  things 
these,  this,  those 
speak,  expect,  suspect 
this,  yours 

themselves,  yourselves 
cost,  caused 


LESSON   XL 

Conflicting  Words 

vowels,  position,  outline  or 


August,  Augustus, 

Augusta's 
decease,  disease 
are  we,  are  you 
possible,  business 
task,  desk 
russet,  rusty 
music,  mistake 
when,  we  know 
hostess,  hosts 
refused,  revised 
opposite,  beside 
state,  city 
stood,  sat 
Jessie,  Josie 
Cecil,  Cecilia,  Sicily 
atheist,  theist 


Exercise  77. 

Adams  would-have  no  possible  influence  in-the  state. 
When  shall  Willis  take  this  box  back?  Wallace  sat  op- 
posite Willie,  who  stood  beside-the  wheel.  Miss  Wales 
and  Josie  stood  by-the  task  the  longest  time.  May-they 
possiblv  suspect  something?  The  cause  of-these  things 
is  in  yourselves.  He  most  suspects  us  when  we-are 
away.  It-may-be  opposed  by-the  ledge.  He-may  re- 
fuse the  book.  Will  was  staid  and  quiet.  Who  leased 
TAYLOR — 7. 


98  BRIEF    SIGNS 

the  house  a  year-ago?  Those  companies  make-the 
lowest  charge.  I-\vish  you-would  walk  faster.  The 
rock  was  b\-the  wall.  Does  Thomas  say  we-know  they 
expect  him.  They-think  past  times  are  best  times.  It- 
was  of-a  russet  hue.  The  hosts  came  in  soon.  -Au- 
gusta's cousin  had-the  name  of  Howell.  Hawley  speaks 
of  making-a  new  will.  It-was  sad  music.  This  hour 
for  study  is  best.  Were-they  speaking  together?  James 
saw  both  pieces  and  likes  yours  best.  Are-we  to  sit  here 
and  await  his  coming?  Cecil  had  no  knowledge  of-his 
disease.  Cecilia  was  in  Sicily  all-the  year.  They-say 
he-is-an  atheist.  It  cost  me  much  heavy  work. 

Exercise  78. 

MISCELLANEOUS    WORDS    UNDER    BRIEF    SIGNS. 

Soap,  soup,  sat,  stew,  dies,  chess,  etches,  conceive, 
vice,  eaves,  soothe,  mace,  mouse,  inns,  hiss,  hies,  snug, 
snag,  singe,  scum,  speck,  subdue,  synagogue,  tameness, 
thickness,  dimness,  dumbness,  cheapness,  book-case,  in- 
famous, minus,  shabbiness,  apex,  moodiness,  omnibus, 
meekness,  sickness,  sagacious. 

Upset,  effusive,  unfasten,  nicety,  incite,  ensign,  exit, 
caustic,  exotic,  oxidize,  disabuse,  nuisance,  mosque, 
musk,  sophism,  sunset. 

Mosses,  vices,  axes,  gazes,  fuses,  maces,  mazes, 
educes,  spices,  possessive,  colossus,  nemesis. 

Amused,  mist,  steak,  poised,  appeased,  tossed,  ad- 
duced, cased,  accost,  gust,  aghast,  dosed,  chased,  gist, 
paced,  pest,  beast,  abased,  faced,  fist,  foist,  fused, 
vest,  egotist,  outpost,  demised,  detest,  pianist,  minced, 
menaced,  stalk,  stuck,  stucco,  stag,  stubby,  stuff,  stave, 
stem. 

Wet,  weed,  wove,  woke,  wane,  weal,  wail,  wellnigh, 


B.  0.  BAKER 

LAWYER 
SIGX^ALUSf  TEXAS  " 

Welsh,  wallet,  wordy,  warfare,  un weighed,  swab,  swap, 
sweat,  suavity,  yawn,  unyoke,  witticism,  wampum. 

Roadster,  gamester,  hoists,  mists,  dusters,  jesters. 

Wight,  quietus,  quiescence,  liquefy,  euphony,  eulo- 
gium.  cuirass,  eureka. 

Hug,  hank,  homogeneous,  harpv,  whew,  wheezes, 
whit,  whiteness. 

Sandusky,  Syracuse,  Oswego,  Savannah,  San  Diego. 

REVIEW. 

Ames  owes  all-this  wisdom  to-the  teachings  of  one 
\\ho-is  yet  wiser.  The  death  of  Simms  was  seen  to-be 
due  to-a  disease  of-the  lungs.  Is-this  the  idea  which 
Staley  has-had  as-to-the  importance  of  leaving-the  shoe- 
store  as-it-is?  As-t/iere-is  nothing-e\*e  ready  just-now, 
zs-z/-his  desire  to  use  what-\s  here  ?  We-may  seem 
unaware  of-the  itisignificance  of-this yearly  allowance, 
but  yote-l/uiovr  it-is-a  sufficiently  large  sum.  Has-the 
answer  in-this-suit  any  significance  in-the  Nestor  case? 
Xo-sir,  \-spokc  to  Smiley  on-the  subject,  and  he-says 
it-seems- (to)-be  unnecessary  to-them.  //e-is-the  boy 
tc'/'tf-has-had  charge  .of-the  tests.  Which^is-the  alliance 
which  Moses  is-said  to-have  lost  sight  of?  Who-has- 
had  my  scissors  and  fixed  them  up  so  nicely?  /y-zV-the 
destiny  of  Baxter  to-be  always  disturbing  us  whenever 
•we-hopc  to-have-a  quiet  day?  Yes-sir,  \-expcct  him  to- 
be  zt'z?//-us  to  stop  or  delay  us  whenever  we-must-be 
specially  quick  with  our  work.  Who-is-the  lady  of 
whom  I-spoke  ?  She-is-a  cousin  who-has  stayed  with 
Cecilia  <ryer-since  her  illness.  She-says  you-must  fetch 
a  saucer,  so-as-to  give  this  sparrow  some  water  as-soon- 
as-possible.  Caesar,  the  dog,  hears  the  voices,  and  begs 
to-go  with-nie.  She-must-go  to  Amsterdam,  as-thcir 
lawyer  suggests.  so-as-(to)-be  ready  if  anvthing-e\*e 
should  arise.  Has-their  message  said  nothing  as-to-an 
answer  which  we-must-have  to-day,  as  we-said?  Is- 
there-a  guest  up-stairs  in-the  sitting-room?  /5-zV-his 
aim  to  stay  in-the  book-store  awhile?  y4s-zV-has  just- 


IOO  BRIEF    SIGNS 

as-much  to-do  witli-us  as  with-his  nephew,  we-shall 
write  the  postal.  Ii-1-ivere  with-them  I-w0utd-Bay  ivhat- 
fwozild-\>e  of  some  advantage  to-them.  Is-therc-an  idea 
of  resuming-the  work  of-a  year-ago,  'whereby  we-may 
win  back  vvhat-is  ours? 


LENGTHS 

LESSONS  XLI— XLVIII 


101 


LESSON  XLI 

Simple  Half-Length  Signs 

102.  The  sound  of  t  or  d  ending  a  syllable  is  indi- 
cated by  making  the  preceding  consonant  sign  (if  it  be  a 
stroke)  half  the  usual  length.    (  W,  T,  MP  and  NG  are 
never  halved  as  simple  strokes.) 

A  half-length  sign  is  indicated  by  t  or  d  immediately 
following  the  capital  letter  designating  the  stroke. 

Examples  of  half-lengths:    \  Pt  (pet  or  ped)  ;    \  Bt 
(bet  or  bed)  ;      )  St  (est)  ;      )    Zt  (zet  or  zed). 

103.  Af,  JV  and  R  are  made  heavy  to  add  </,  and  light 
to  add  /  (except  M  or  N  with  the  w  hook).     Z,  pre- 
ceded by  a  vowel  and  followed  by  </,  is  made  downward 
and  heavy;    beginning  a  syllable,  it  is  made  upward, 
and  therefore  light,  whether  /  or  d  is  added.     Exam- 
ples:      —  Mt  (met),       "^   Md  (med)  ;       "\   Rt  (art), 

~>  Rd  (arc!)  ;      N-  Nt  (net),        ^  Nd  (ned)  ;       r  Lt 
(let),      C  Ld  (eld). 

104.  The  positions  for  vowels  with  half-length  strokes 
are  the  same  as  with  full-length  strokes.      The  /  or  d  is 
sounded  last. 

105.  Words  represented  by  a  single  half-length  sign, 
and  having  first-place  vowels,  are  usually  written  in  the 
first  position,  even  when  the  vowel  is  used. 

106.  The  positions  for  half-length  strokes  are: 

103 


104  LENGTHS 

a.  First  position,   vertical  or  slanting  strokes, 
half  a  space  above  the  line ;   horizontal  strokes  a  full 

space  above,  thus:  ' _^ 

b.  Second  position,  resting  on  the  line. 

c.  Third  position,  just  under  the  line,  thus: 


\  i  /  • 

Exercise 

'•  f 


V  V 


2 


WITH    VOWELS. 

(104)  paid       Ted       Kate       good       oozed  showed 
apt         date      coat         food        shut  hate 
boat      debt      quote      vote        shade  hoed 
bad        chat      gate         vjewed  shed 

(105)  bid         Todd    did           feet         quite(85)  sheet 
bought  deed      cheat       thought  quit  heed 
taught -died       caught    east         got  hot 

(103)  meet     aimed  aunt        Ned        note  eld 

meed     mote     end          late         nod  art 

mate      mode    night       light        laid  aired 

made     neat      neighed  lot            load  erred 
might    reed     net           loud         old 

WITHOUT    VOWELS. 

conn-ect            comm-and           hat  let 

comm-ent         con-veyed            head  foot 


LENGTHS 


ABBREVIATION 

AND    POSITION. 

put 

3 

future 

Ft  3 

hold 

Ld 

about 

3 

avoid 

i 

world 

Ld 

at  it 

Tt  3 

of  it 

Vt  i 

read 

Rd  i 

it  had 

Tt  3 

that 

i 

read 

Rd  i 

added 

3 

without 

DHt3 

immediate-lv  Md  i 

doubt 

3     . 

highest 

i-St  i 

not 

i 

had  had 

Dt3 

was  it 

Zt 

nature 

Nt 

had  it 

Dt3 

used 

3 

hundred 

Nd 

act 

3 

wished 

SHt  i 

owned 

Nd3 

God 

i 

little 

Lt  i 

under 

Xd3 

feature 

Ft  i 

allowed 

Lt  3 

hand 

Nd3 

after 

Ft 

held 

Ld 

PHRASING. 


Note. — In  phrase-signs,  vowels  are  usually  omitted. 


(48) 

(roid) 

(toid) 

(poid) 

should  not 

I  did 

I  got 

I  met 

(koid) 

I  thought 

I  could 

I  might 

did  I 

I  need  not 

Exercise  80. 

Why  did-I  leave  without  seeing  Todd  when  I-knew 
1-should-not  meet  him  in-the  future?  On  what  date 
was-it  that  this  feature  was  added  to-the  deed  ?  I  used 
to-think  that  after-a  little  reading  I-could  recite  a  good 
lesson.  Ned  thought  I-could-not  put  in  a  bid,  but  I  need- 
not-say  I  immediately  showed  him  that  I-could.  Had-it 
led  to  no  immediate  good  and  not  paid  well,  I-should- 
not-have  wished  to  hold  that  stock.  A  master  hand 
receives-the  highest  wages.  This  act  will  end  in  no 
good  to  the  world.  He  owned  that  he-could-not  doubt 
lie-had  erred  when  he  allowed  himself  to  take  this  mode 
of  getting  money.  I  held  his  note  for-the  lot  he  bought 


106  LENGTHS 

and  it-had  become  due,  but  I  thought  I-need-not  speak 
about  it.  I  aimed  to  avoid-a  hundred  errors  of-this 
nature.  Was-it-not  you  who  taught  me  to  hate  living 
under-a  load  of  debt?  I-might  easily  have  met  you  if 
Kate  had-had-the  note  and  read  it  in-time.  The  lesson 
was  easy,  but-the  fact  of-it  was  that  Ned  could-not  keep 

at-it. 

REVIEW. 

I-got-a  light  boat  last  night  and  paid  for-it,  and  I- 
think  this-is-the  one.  I-thought  at-Jirst  that  it-had  con- 
veyed Mat  and  his  load  to-the  -water  gate.  After  Todd 
died  his  son  did  quite  well  in  connecting  himself  with- 
an  old  company  in-the  east.  /y-zV-necessary  to  say  that 
he  exercised  himself  to-the  utmost  to  win  success?  I- 
thought  I-did  a  little  good  by  letting-the  machinist  hold 
the  note  to-the  end  of-the  month.  He  owned  that  1- 
need-not  heed  the  command,  saying  that  it-had  no 
reference  to  Mat.  Is-it-a  fact  that  I-might-have  bought 
the  net  if  Ned  had-had  time  to  read-the  note?  Was-it- 
not  just-as-well  to  get  the  note  back  and  hold  it  a  little 
while?  Not-a  dollar  did-you  pay  on-your  debt  after-the 
1 5th.  This-is  what-we-say  about-it,  and  we-will  swear 
to-it  in-this-suit.  He  refused  to  heed  that  feature  of-the 
case  as-soon-as  I  commenced  quoting  you.  They-had 
much  shouting  and  loud  talking  about-the  possibilities 
of-the  vote.  I-made-a  bid  on-the  lot  and  bought  it,  and 
immediately  conveyed  it  by  deed  to  Foster.  Without 
doubt  this-is-a  step  whereby  he  seeks  to  avoid  whatever 
costs  might  be  added.  The  cat  mewed  piteously,  being 
shut  up  in-the  shed  without  food.  Thoitgh-n.  hot  day 
he-came  on  foot  to-the  meeting  that  Lloyd,  'as-tt-( is) - 
said,  might-not-have  to  walk.  He  used  a  sheet  of  lead, 
and  made  quite  a  neat  job  of-it.  You-said  your  head 
ached  after  I-had  read  to-you  so  late.  You-aml-I  aimed 
at-it  a  hundred  times,  but  are-you  aware  that-wc  hit  the 
dot  not  once?  You-saw  that  we-had-a  good  chat  in-the 
shade  while  making-a  net  under-the  oak.  You-should- 
have  seen  Maud  nod  to  Kate  and  hand  her  the  book 
she  held.  Were-you  aware  that  he-had-it  keyed  to-the 


LENGTHS 


107 


highest  pitch  ?  His  highest  wish  was  to  obey  the  laws 
of  God.  They  wished  to-be  allowed  a  vote  in  future 
meetings.  They  put  this  act  of-vours  under-the  head 
oi-t/tosc  which  harm-the  world. 


LESSON  XLII 

Half-Lengths  With  Brief  Signs 

107.    The  brief  signs  may  be  used  with  half-lengths 
in  the  same  manner  as  with  full-length  strokes. 

Exercise  81. 
(See  67.) 


vv. 


spite 

soz'led 

slightest 

walked 

speed 

sold 

latest 

wild 

deeds 

consumed 

eldest 

Ward 

Scott 

needs 

oldest 

wired 

goods 

signed 

artist 

word 

saved 

notes 

stored 

want 

thoughts 

send 

starts 

wind 

lots 

sent 

Stewart 

went 

sealed 

sort 

swept 

yield 

concealed 

stepped 

swiftest 

yard 

hired 

heard 

hurt 

heart 

hard 

Hardin 

hint 

hunt 


fo  LENGTHS 

ABBREVIATION-    AND    POSITION. 

September  sPt  of  its  Vts  i  sometimes    sMt 

except  sPt  certain-ly  sRt  we  might      i 

accept  sPt  3  certificate  sRt  we  made      i 

exhibit          sBt  i  seemed  i  onward        on-wRt 

exact-ly        sKt3  somewhat  sMt  i  award         wRt  3 

PHRASING. 

is  not                (roid)               (toid)  were  it  not 

is  it  not            I  sent                I  want  (\\Rt-Nt) 

is  there  not      I  send                I  went  if  it  were 

we  went           did  he               I  would  not  (Ft-were  i) 

Exercise  82. 

It  certainly  seemed  somewhat  'hard  for  Ward  to 
accept-the  goods  after  consulting  Harding.  The  words 
he  wired  us  about-the  hunt  for-the  certificates  exhibit 
not-the  slightest  hint  of  thoughts  of  yielding.  The 
latest  word  I  heard  was  that-the  deeds  to-the  lots  would 
certainly  be  signed  and  sent  sealed  to-you  before 
September  ist.  I-have  hired  Hunt's  eldest  son  to  start 
to  work  immediately,  and  we-want  him  to  stay  as-late-as 
December.  Is-it-not-a  fact  that  Harding  sometimes  said- 
the  work  had  consumed  hundreds-(of)-dollars  which 
we-might-have  saved?  He-is-not  one  to-be  hurt  by- 
such  words  and  we-are  certain  he-has-not  thought  hard 
of-you.  Scott  has-not-the  exact  knowledge  that  he 
needs,  but  he-went  and  stepped  into-the  business,  and 
now  seems-(to)-be  going  onward  to  success.  They- 
would  wind  up-the  business  immediately  if-it-vvere- 
possible,  and  Scott  would  suggest  it  were-it-not  for- 
the  hope  of-its  paying  in-the  future.  Is-not-the  award 
which  we-made  to-the  artist  to-be  sent  to-him  with  all 
speed?  I-sent-the  notes,  except-the  oldest  one.  before 
I-went  away  in  September. 


LENGTHS  109 

REVIEW. 

I-send  all-the  work  that-we-d\&  this  week,  and  am 
certain  that  it-is  as-good-as  any  of-its  sort.  The  goods, 
though  sound,  seemed  somewhat  soiled  by  being  stored. 
We-would  like  these  wheeled  to  Stewart's  store  with- 
the  rest  as  early  as-is  possible.  Did-you-not  lose  heart 
sometimes  in-the  midst  of-the  work  you-did  for-us? 
Did-vou-see-the  wild  roses  he-got  when  he  walked  out 
into-the  woods?  He-got  them  somewhere  on-this-side 
of-the  next  hedge.  Howard  went  away  as-soon-as-pos- 
sible in-a  swift  four-wheeled  cab.  He-won't  confess  to- 
the  arts  he  used  to  assist  in  winning  votes.  Certainly 
I-u'ou/d-not  accept  notes  signed  by  Hunt  for  goods  sold 
to  Scott.  Is-that-the  slate  that-is-not yet  sold,  and  which 
we-may  dispose  of  whenever  and  wherever  we-will? 
That-is-a  boy  who-\s-not  dishonest,  and  //e-would-not 
accept  money  when  he-did  no  work  for-it.  Did-he- 
say  he-could-not  get  the  word  as-soon-as  necessary? 
We-went  to-the  United  States  at-the  reqiiest  of  Stout. 
Could-you-not  get  me-the  beads  just-as-well-as-not  ? 
The  September  exhibit  zWobe-the  largest  we-have-had 
since  two  years-ago  last  August.  Is-there-\\Q\.  testimony 
of-a  certificate  which  showed  what-would-be-\he  yearly 
dues?  He  showed  that  if-you-could-not  pay  the  debt 
when  due  we-could-not  exact  it  of-you.  I-am  quite 
certain  he-went  onward  to-the  spot,  but  I-wont-say 
exactly  when.  I-might-not  wish  to  send  him  word,  if- 
he  accuses  you  as  adjuster.  Is-there-any  fear  that  we- 
might-be  late  except  on  certain  davs?  I  sometimes 
thought  you-could-not  accept-the  award  we-made.  Has- 
///<vv-not  come  a  message  signed  by  Ward  or  Stewart? 
Has-it-no\.  seemed  that  he  avoids  us  somewhat  of-late? 


no 


LENGTHS 


LESSON   XLIII 

Half-lengths  with  Other  Strokes 

108.  Half-length  signs  are  joined  to   full-lengths  in 
the  same  way  that  full-lengths  are  joined  to  each  other. 

109.  Words  are  often  unnaturally  divided  in  such  a 
way  as  to  put  a  /  or  d  at  the  end  of  a  syllable  containing 
another  consonant,  so  as  to  use  a  half-length,  and  thus 
shorten  the  outline  : 


not-ify 
me-thod 


evid-ence 
bet-ween 

Exercise  83. 


gent-le 
Be-ckett 


Lk 


kept 

^-    "  ! 
Janet     •           desert 

misdeed 

ashamed 

repeat               desired 

hastened 

named 

Harold(6o/£)  casket 

descend 

left 

submit              execute 

descent 

caged 

solitude             reward 

verified 

attempt 

reasoned          upward 

damaged 

dodged 

results              Edward 

rectified 

LENGTHS  I  I  I 


shocked 

despite 

(  6o//  ) 

(109) 

reviewed 

dispute 

alleged 

absolute 

16ft 

respite 

legitimate 

Be-ckett 

reached 

decided 

(73) 

me-thod 

delayed 

absurd 

answered 

li-mit 

asked 

(6oc) 

insert 

ti-cket 

admit 

remote 

resort 

distur-bed 

imitate 

remit 

(96) 

distri-bute 

deemed 

resumed 

estate 

ins-tead 

AYords  in  which  st  is  represented  by  half-length  6": 
loosest      wisest     choicest      fastest     (s  upward)      nicest 

ABB RKVI. \TIOX   AND  POSITION. 

anybodv  N-Bt  I  left  hand  L-Ft-Xd 

nobody  X-Bt  2  intimate  Xt-Mt    I 

somebody  sM  (2)-Bt  intend  Xt-Xd   i 

hesitate  Z-Tt  right  hand  Rt-Xd 

indeed  X-Dt  i  household  Hs-Lt 

substitute  sB-sTt  forward  F-wRt 

understood  Xd-sTt  afterward  Ft-wRt 

misunderstood  Ms-Xd-sTt  uncertain  X-sRt 

acquaint  K-wXt  eastward  St-Rd  I 

acquaintance  K-\vXts  westward  Ws-Rd 

indicate  Xd-Kt  i 

PHRASING. 

(roid)  (toid)  (Ft  i)  (24) 

I  understood    I  should  1101(48)   if  it  is          no  doubt 

I  need  not        I  could  not  if  it  were    must  not  (78) 

Exercise  84. 

I-understood-you  to  intimate  that  nobody  in-his  house- 
hold or  among-his  acquaintances  had  faith  in  Harold. 
AVhat-I  dictate  must-not-be  disturbed  afterward.  Since 
Beckett  is  absent  no-doubt  it-is  wiser  not  to  attempt  to 


112  LENGTHS 

submit  the  results  just-yet.  Somebody  hastened  by,  but 
indeed  I-am  uncertain  as-to  who-it-was.  I  asked  Ed- 
ward not  to  repeat  my  words,  and  I-could-not  guess  that 
I-should-be  answered  by-his  immediately  acquainting 
them  with  all-the  facts.  Edward  left  the  roses  for 
Janet  as-a  reward  for  hard  study.  I-wish  you-could 
indicate  to  me  some  method  by-which  it-might-be  pos- 
sible to  push  forward  this  work.  The  limit  of-your 
ticket  was-the  2Oth,  but  if  anybody  had  asked  it,  you- 
could-have  stayed  all-the  month.  Will-you  send  verified 
copies  so-that  I-need-not-be  in  doubt?  He  hesitates  to 
say  that  they  intend  this  as-a  substitute.  If-it-is  impos- 
sible to  reach  the  spot  by-the  right-hand  road,  I-know 
of-a  remote  path  to-the  eastward  which  we-might  take. 
They  misunderstood  me  to  say  that-the  left-hand  road 
was-the  best  way  leading  to-the  westward. 

REVIEW. 

Indeed  \\.-ivould-\>e  absurd  for  anybody  to  dispute  my 
right  to  imitate  you  in  refusing  to  resent  this  wrong. 
He  admits  that  he-could-not  indicate  the  exact  loss 
caused  by-the  fire  which  damaged  the  warehouse  in 
September.  Influences  and  examples  of  absolute  recti- 
tude are  a  decided  advantage  in  teaching  legitimate 
business  methods.  On  my  request,  somebody  answered 
that-the  loss  to-the  estate  in-the  United  States  about- 
that-time  was  upward  of  $30,000.  You-might-not-be 
heard  by  one  who-has-no  wish  to  distinguish  himself 
as-an  artist.  You-think  he-wants  nobody  to  repeat  the 
answer  ive-made  in-the  midst  of  invoicing-the  shoe- 
store?  When  I  stepped  up  to-him  he  wheeled  about, 
and  despite  my  quickness  he  concealed  the  certificates 
iuith-\\\?,  right-hand,  while  with-his  left-hand  he  reached 
me-the  stenographer's  copies  instead.  We  heard-the 
sound  of-the  wild  wind  as-it  swept  along  \n-those  re- 
mote solitudes.  Being  endowed  with  little  tact,  /lis- 
ts a  nature  which-could-not  adapt  itself  to-the  ways 


LENGTHS  113 

of-the  household.  Being-an  intimate  acquaintance,  I 
desired  to  refute  the  charge  oi-these  alleged  misdeeds. 
Your  note  does-not  indicate  Q\  suggest  w^y-the  meadow 
to-the  eastward  must-not-be  surveyed.  It-was-a  rigid 
command,  o/?er-which  it-could-be  of  no  advantage  for 
anybody  to  attempt  to  adjust  the  case  by-a  rebate,  so 
ivhat-'were-ive  to-do?  It-would-not-do  to  execute  and 
forward  this  deed  to  Moff att  without  first  inserting-the 
rectified  date  on-the  attached  certificate.  At-that-time, 
if-he-should-not-be  satisfied  he-could-not-be  asked  to 
stay  ivith-ymi.  Somebody  afterward  espied  the  rabbit 
in-the  thicket.  He  untied  the  packet,  removed-the 
casket,  and  shoved  it  along  to  Daggett,  who  held  it 
awhile  in-his  hands  looking  at-it  in-an  uncertain  way. 
You-say  William  will  write-an  anecdote  ivith-reference 
to-this  feature  of-the  story  zy"-zV-z'.y-possible  to-do-so 
without  connecting-his  name  with  it.  Hunt  enjoyed 
educating  himself  in-that-way.  I  misunderstood  him 
as  saying  that  he-would-not  hesitate  to  substitute  this 
piece.  I- in  tend  to  acquaint  them  with-my  wish  to-go 
to-the  westward. 


LESSON   XLIV 

Half-Lengths  with  Other  Strokes — Continued 

r  10.  It  is  sometimes  necessary  to  break  an  outline  for 
the  purpose  of  keeping  its  parts  distinct,  thus: 

)/      escheat,  __il__  attitude,  — J. aesthetic. 

in.  The  rules  of  direction  for  sh  and  /  may  be  dis- 
regarded in  half-lengths,  in  cases  where  a  more  distinct 
outline  is  thus  secured. 

Examples: 
(^ — '    lighten,       7^— -"   olden,   — <rr^J-  emaciate. 

TAYLOR— 8. 


"4 

LENGTHS 

Exercise  85. 

./ 

7~T~\v  •     -R 
_O\K 

p  V^ 

<v  ,  I-  ^s/^-ry^—^ 

j 

•jr 

/>-  /, 

"•  —  ^/    "^- 

ivdi 

\ 
lately 

•  — 
bet-ween 

beaut-ify 

(   — 

lateness 

hardly 

evid-ence 

ascert-ain 

lightning 

modified 

confid-ence 

ind-ivid-ual 

(6o/) 

Madison 

hidd-en 

evid-ent-ly 

coward 

endless 

antricipate 

(no) 

exert 

recently 

seld-om 

emphatic 

exhort  (93) 

(IOQ) 

ag-ent 

methodic 

(60^) 

not-ify 

affid-avit 

pathetic 

arrogate 

est-imate 

jud-icious 

attitude 

erect 

bott-om 

det-ect 

(in) 

orbit 

bett-er 

synd-icate 

vitiate 

artistic  (78) 

midd-le 

Padd-ock 

officiate 

(6o£) 

writt-en 

det-ached 

leaden 

artifice 

ABBREVIATION 

AND    POSITION. 

repeatedly 

R-Pet-L 

astonish-ed 

St-N  i 

indebtedness    N-Dt-Ns 

astonishment 

St-N  i 

doubtless 

Dt-Ls  3 

establish-ed 

St-B 

undoubtedly    N-Dt-L  3 

establishment 

St-B 

actual-ly 

Kt(3)-L 

intense 

Nt-Ns  i 

history 

St-R  i 

interest 

Nts-T 

I-ENGTHS  115 

indulge  Nd-iiJ  underneath          Nd-N-TH  3 

scientific  sNt-F  hundred  dollars  Nd  (2)-D 

St.  Louis  sNt-Ls  handle  Nd(3)-L 

natural-ly  Nt(2)-L  handsome  Nd(3)-sM 

undertake  Nd-T-K  3  artificial  Rt-F-SH 

undertook  Nd-T-K  3  certainty  sRt-T 

PHRASING. 

At  the  same  time  (T-sMt3),  nobody  else,  anybody 
else. 

Exercise  86. 

I  anticipate  that  Cotton  will  give  intense  study  to- 
his  natural  history  lessons.  Ludlovv  has  lately,  as  our 
agent,  looked  after  our  interests  between  St.  Louis  and 
Omaha.  The  emphatic  words  of-the  agent,  and  after- 
ward his  conduct,  delayed  the  undertaking.  I-was 
astonished  to  detect  him  in  distributing-the  lists  among- 
the  hands  in-the  establishment.  You-could-have-the 
leaden  casket  put  underneath-the  arch  at-(the)-same- 
time.  We-must-not  suggest  to  anybody-else  these 
uncertain  methods  for  handling  this  indebtedness.  I- 
could-not-say  with  certainty  what  object  he-could-have 
in  sending-the  hundred-dollars  recently  to  Ludlow. 
Doubtless  it-has-not  yet  seemed  wise  to  undertake  to 
establish  his  case  by  affidavit.  He-was  intently  watch- 
ing how-the  handsome  equipage  kept  to-the  left  in 
descending-the  gentle  slope.  He-does-not  seem  to  hesi- 
tate, and  has  undoubtedly  resumed  his  old  attitude  by 
actually  ratifying-the  estimates.  He  repeatedly  showed 
his  astonishment  at  my  indulging  in  scientific  studies. 
They  undertook  to  beautify  the  home  by-an  artificial 
method.  He-has-said  repeatedly  that  he-would  ascer- 
tain the  actual  cost  if-it-were  possible.  Did-you-not- 
know  that  methodic  habits  would  exert  an  influence  for 


Il6  LENGTHS 

good,  and  win  confidence?  Naturally  they-were  aston- 
ished when  Dudley  sent-the  model  as-well-as  the  cata- 
logue. Nobody-else  would  resort  to-such-an  artifice. 

REVIEW. 

Since  he  accuses  you,  and  has-his  affidavit  ready,  it- 
'would  doubtless  be  better  to  take  some  written  evidence 
of-the  indebtedness.  Individually  I-expect-the  happiest 
results,  but-the  company  would  hardly  handle  the 
business  without-an  absolute  certainty  of  success.  Un- 
doubtedly the  warden  should-not-have  resigned,  what- 
ever it'£-woy-have-said  with-reference  to-it.  They-tuerc 
injudicious  ivhcn  they  undertook  to  establish-the  ma- 
chinist's story  by  affidavit  despite  the  lateness  of-the 
hour.  It-is  alleged  that  Madison  does-not  otvn-ihe 
handsome  establishment  'where  he  located  himself  a 
few  years-ago.  Ludlow's  rapid  and  methodic  way  of 
executing-his  business  and  meeting  seeming  impossi- 
bilities since-that-time,  is  indeed  astonishing.  Arobody 
could-have  understood  tt7/y-the  history  had  so  intense 
and  fasc.nating-nn  interest  for-the  youngest  son.  My 
astonishment  was  without  limit,  for-he  seemed  ashamed 
of  no  misdeed.  Evidently  that  harsh  method  was 
revived  once-in-(a)-while  and  exercised  as-a  renewed 
attempt  to  vitiate  our  rights  in  St.  Louis.  This  would- 
not-be  sofitude,  but  would-be-the  happiest  home  just- 
now  to  one  who-had  artistic  tastes  and  indulged  a  love 
for  nature.  Paddock,  it-is-said,  would-not-have  desired 
to  exert  his  infoience,  so  I  left-the  certificate  as-fo-a 
renewal  unsigned.  Malott  suggests  that-that  ultimatum 
should-not-be  given  without  indicating-fa?,  time  for  ac- 
quainting him  wz'M-the  answrer.  As  I-have-said  re- 
peatedly, that-is-not-the  aspect  under-\\\\\c\\  such  cupid- 
ity will-be  viewed  in-this-city.  He-has-not  understood 
that  they  intend  this  edict  to-have  elevating  influences, 
and  that  it-is  one  which-must-not  be  disobeyed.  You- 
must-not-be  so  given  to  meditating  on  endless  scientific 
theories.  He-said  they-might-not-be  subdued,  but  they 
could-be  exiled.  He-is  so  reticent  as-to-his  ultimate 
object  that  I-fear  he  intends  to  desert  us  and  go  some- 


LENGTHS 


117 


In-the  olden  time  it-was  seldom  easy  to 
assert  an  individual  right.  They  notified  us  between- 
thejirst  and-the  middle  of-the  month. 


LESSON  XLV 
Use  of  Stroke  T  or  D.      The  "  ed  "  Tick 

CONTRASTED  WORDS  ILLUSTRATING  THE   RULE,  96. 

(Read  across  each  pair  of  columns.) 

remedy 
safety 


absent 

wait 

boat 

innocent 
comment 

debt 

date 

aimed 

heart 

hat 

jet 

mud 

notes 

knot 


absentee 
await 

beauty 

insanity 

community 

duty 

edit 

empty 

Harriet 

ITattie 

Jewett 

muddy 

notice 

unite 


shadow 

sincerity 

solid 

sonnet 

Sunday 

veto 

vicinity 

wearied 

•windv 

wordy 

ahead 

haughty 

112.  Rav  is  never  halved  when  standing  alone. 

right  ride  .      wrote 

write  rid  rode 

113.  Where  a  half-length  sign  would  .form,  with  an- 
other consonant  an  indistinct  junction,   a  full  stroke  is 
used,  and  the  stroke  t  or  d  added. 

affect  locate  vacate 

effect  locked  select 


remit 

saved 

shade 

answered 

sold 

sent 

sunned 

vote 

fastened 

ward 

wind 

word 

head 

hot 


nS 


LENGTHS 


114.    The  syllable  "ed, 
represented  by  a  small  tick 

or  like  the  a-tick,  thus: 

a.    As   a   separate 
length  or  stroke  T  or  D  : 


for  the  past  tense,  may  be 
at  right  angles  to  the  stroke, 

^  posted,       ^s  voted. 
syllable  after  a   loop,  half- 


boasted 

waited 

acquainted 

heated 

suggested 

stated 

associated 

consulted 

invested 

committed 

commanded 

wanted 

requested 

exceeded 

consented 

absented 

adjusted 

insisted 

deeded  (  105) 

connected 

lasted 

consisted 

guided  (105) 

estimated 

tested 

suited 

invited 

repeated 

assisted 

existed 

started 

yielded 

b.  Where  a  half-length  or  loop  cannot  be  used  : 
feared  lavished  wronged  (102) 
inferred                 mastered  swayed  (102) 

c.  Where  either  the  ed-tick  or  a  stroke  T  may 
be  used : 

liked  IScked  piped 

looked  judged  reared 

d.  With  abbreviated  outlines,  as  in  the  follow- 
ing: 


expected 

accepted 

astonished 

objected 

respected 

charged 

longed 

neglected 

referred 

acted 

interested 

doubted 

Note. — Remember  that  wherever  it  is  possible  to  show  the 
past  tense  by  a  half-length,  or  by  a  steh-loop,  it  must  be  done, 
as  in  the  following  words  : 

affec-ted  li-ved  refused 

packed  passed  induced 

reasoned  leased  Spposed 


LENGTHS 


' 


Exercise  88. 

It-was  with  sincerity  that-I  suggested  that-the  money 
be  invested  in  needed  improvements.  The  lady  packed 
the  books  in-the  empty  box  and  had-it  fastened  up.  The 
goods  lasted  as-long-as  I-expected,  but  something-else 
might-have  suited  me  better.  He  seldom  heeded  me, 
but  absented  himself  when  I  requested  him  to  stay  at-the 
office.  I  resented  his  conduct  and  reasoned  with  him, 
and  he  yielded  at-last.  We  decided  not  to  send  Thomas, 
as  we-had  at-first  intended,  and  so  avoided  some  delay. 
He  quitted  the  house  and  hastened  away  and  we  doubted 
not  that  he  thought  we-had  wronged  him.  Jewett  served 
notice  on-the  company  in  Cincinnati,  adjusted  the  busi- 
ness, and  acquainted  us  with  all-the  facts.  I  inserted  your 
note  with-the  remedy,  and,  though  he  accepted  it,  he 
answered  not-a  word.  He  started  at  eight  and  I-inferred 
that  Edward  had  invited  him  to-the  meeting.  We- 
feared  a  riot  to-day  but  I-think  all-is  quiet  now.  They 
repeated  the  story  to  me,  and  consented  to-be  guided 


I  2O  LENGTHS 

by-me.     Beatty  respected  the  Judge  and  voted  for-him, 
although  he  admitted  that  he-could-not-be  elected. 

REVIEW. 

She  seemed  to-be  needy,  and  I-feared  she  lacked 
money  to  ride  in-the  coach.  I-send  ivith-my  copy  a 
rectified  estimate,  and  his-has  a  similar  one  attached 
at-the  bottom  of-the  sheet.  I-must-say  I  liked  the  effect 
of-his  words  on  so  large  a  body  in-the  senate.  Thi.s- 
has-the  effect  at-(the)-same-time  of  convincing  us  of-his 
honesty.  When-(\\<\-\o\\  remit  the  hundred-dollars  to- 
the  syndicate,  and  what-wcre  your  reasons  for-it?  You- 
said  you-expected  Lottie  and  Mattie  in-your  vicinity  on 
Sunday.  You-think  Stewart  had-had-\\\e  house  remod- 
eled and  beautified  in-a  go'od-many  ways?  We--^ill 
await  Lettie's  coming  at-the  store  u'here  ice-are  to  se- 
lect-the"  artificial  roses.  You-know  he-has  argued  that 
ive-nnist  erect  the  house  to  suit  all,  and  not  arrogate  so 
much  to  ourselves.  Doubtless  Cotton  knew  the  actual 
facts,  as-t 'Acre-was  no  attempt  to  keep  them  hidden.  I- 
could-not  locate  the  house  which  they-tcr;v?  to  vacate, 
and  I-should-not-have  wearied  myself  hunting  for-it.  I 
pitied  him  when  they  left  him,  for  I  naturally  had-ln's 
interests  at  heart.  Undoubtedly  he-has  deceived  the 
gentle  and  innocent  boy  as-to-the  symptoms  of-his  dis- 
eased state.  They  consulted  with  Patterson  and  waited 
for-his  answer  before  they  acted.  I  watched  them  as- 
they  piped  the  house  for  gas,  and  know  that  they  went 
underneath  it  on-this-side.  He  insisted  on  my  receiv- 
ing-the  sum  he-had  named,  saying  that  nobody-e\se  had 
excelled  him.  He  refused  to  wait  but  left  us  abruptly, 
and,  walking  rapidly  cast-ward  he  reached  the  desolate 
spot  about  midnight.  You-saw  that  Goodwin  assisted 
us  as  we  lifted  the  beams  and  hoisted  the  rock.  Indeed 
it-could-not-be  that  anybody-e\se  could-have  searched 
better,  for  I  rummaged  all-the  desks  and  safes  in-the 
establishment.  He  attempted  to  induce  us  to  lower  the 
estimated  cost.  He  unites  in  himself  the  poet  and-the 
essayist. 


LENGTHS  121 


115.    Doubling  the  length  of  a  curved  stroke  adds  ter, 
der,  thcr.  or  tur : 


Ftiy fetter;  _  _\__  Str,  ester. 


116.  In  writing  double-length-  strokes  in  position, 
they  are  commenced  at  the  point  where  the  same 
strokes  of  the  ordinary  length  would  begin  for  that  posi- 
tion, thus: 


117.  The    positions   for   vowels   with    double-length 
strokes    are    the    same    as    with    single-length    strokes. 
(See  32).      The  ter  is  read  last. 

~-\       meter ;  \          ardor. 

^T 

118.  Doubling  NG  may  also  add  ker  or  ger;  doub- 
ling A/"  in  ay  also  add  per  or  her.    A  double-length  stroke 
is  indicated  by  tr,  kr,  or  pr  following  the  capital  letter 
for  the  stroke. 

119.  Full  or  half-length  strokes,  brief  signs   or  the 
ed-tick,  may  be  joined  to  double-length  strokes. 


122 


LENGTHS 

Exercise  89. 


vu  im  ^ 

> 

•/Z    /^~ 

i  \ 

\     ' 

r^    ^  ^~ 

/^* 

/~—  - 

/ 

V     1 

(See  117.) 

fetter 

Esther            later 

older           matter 

feather 

Easter            letter 

ardor           amateur 

father 

ojster              leather 

Arthur        mother 

voter 

shatter            latter 

order           enter 

theater 

shudder          alter 

orator         weather 

thither 

leader             Luther 

meter          water 

(See  118.) 

anchor           anger           ember 

amber 

(See  119.) 

diameter 

tender               holder 

center 

tempter 

juncture           hamper 

slaughter 

timber 

(J-XGtr)      whither 

ordered  (114^) 

temper 

thunder            winter  (82)     rendered 

lumber 

invader             wonder 

mater-ial 

cumber 

elevator            wander 

centr-al 

banker 

hinder  (90)      Walter 

concentr-ate 

venture 

hunter              softer 

\vilder-ness 

linger 

hunger              smoother 

eccentr-ic 

finger 

harder              Sanders 

intr-in-sic 

LENGTHS 


I23 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

if  there 

i 

entire 

Ntr  i 

for  there 

Ftr 

entirely 

Ntr-L 

have  there 

Vtr 

century 

sNtr 

the  other 

DHtr 

geometry 

J-Mtr 

was  there 

Ztr 

many  other 

M-Ntr 

shall  there 

SHtr 

Alexander 

Ls-Ntr 

my  clear 

i 

wonderful-ly 

wNtr-F 

some  other 

2 

longer 

NGkr 

neither 

I 

along  there 

NGtr 

in  there 

I 

younger 

NGkr  3 

any  other 

I 

among  other 

M-NGtr 

another 

2 

whether 

Wtr 

no  other 

Notr 

PHRASING. 

in  other  words     among  other  things     I  wonder  (toid  I) 

Exercise  90. 

Note. — Do  not  attempt  to  write  "their"  or  "other"  alone. 
See  115. 

I- wonder  whether  Alexander  will  make  another  at- 
tempt to  get  a  letter  to-his  mother.  Luther  was-a  leader 
of  religious  thought  in-the  first  half  of-the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury. If-there-were  money  in-it.  Arthur  would  give  his 
entire  time  to-this  or  any-other  wonderful  scheme. 
My-dear  Walter,  be  guided  entirely  by-the  older  ones 
in-the  matter  of  altering  your  mode  of  study.  The 
younger  boys  should  all  have-their  books  in-their  desks 
for-their  new  haff-year's  work  by  Tuesday,  and  not 
later.  As-I  passed  along-there,  I-saw  Astor  speaking 
with  ardor  to  Mather  and  some-others  of-the  voters. 
Neither  of-us  was-there  the  winter  they  lived  in-their 
new  house  on-the-other-side  of  Central  avenue.  The 
hunter  lost  himself  in-the  wilderness,  and  had  to  meet 


1 24  LENGTHS 

rough  weather,  hunger  and  many-other  ills.  Among- 
other-things  Henderson  said  this  had  hindered  his  ten- 
dering us  the  cash ;  in-other-vvords,  it-has  rendered 
necessary  a  suit.  We  lingered  by-the  dying  embers. 
The  ship  was  ordered  to  anchor  in-the  bay.  Shall-there 
be  no-other  message  sent  to-the  holders  of-the  notes? 
He-may  for  awhile  longer  continue  geometry,  among- 
other  studies. 

REVIEW. 

Anderson,  our  banker,  will  render  us  assistance  in- 
this-matter  as-soon-as-the  book-store  is  sold.  They-ivere 
cutting-the  timber  into  lumber  ivith-my  well-tempered 
steel  saws.  I-wonder  what  Esther  will  do  tt'z'M-the- 
other  half  of-the  oyster  shells.  Mv-dear  Sanders,  shall- 
there  not  be  some-other  goods  used  which-is  softer  and 
lighter?  If-there-is-not  smoother  weather  soon,  neither 
of-them  will  venture  out  with-me.  Ask  them  whether 
we-shall  write  for-their  cousin,  or  any-other  lawyer,  to 
help  us  in-such-matters.  He-says  Snyder  &-Co.,  the 
hatters,  are  putting  new  elevators  in-their  store.  I- 
m ust-say  it-was  pathetic  to  see  Alexander  attempting  to 
mitigate  our  misery.  It-may  get  lighter  just-as-soon-as- 
the  thunder  storm  ceases.  No-other  agent  was-there, 
and  \\e-wotild-not  wait  any  longer.  She-has  wild  asters, 
as-well-as  many-other  sorts  that  ive  never  saw  anvwhere- 
else.  You-should  speak  louder,  so-as-to-be  heard  in-the- 
other  room.  Were-Tvc  tinaivare  that-the  road  along- 
there  was  made  of  cinders?  He-said-the  younger  Arab 
carried  a  wonderful  scimetar.  I-was  entirely  bewildered 
m-t/iese-cases  by-his  eccentric  speeches.  I-shall  work 
harder  on-this-subject  o/?£V-the  languor  of-the  summer 
is  past.  I-thought  him  an  innovator  with-his  new  cen- 
tury ideas  of-the  fntn re  of-the  -world.  I  heard,  among- 
other-things  at-this  juncture,  that-his  schemes  were  still 
wilder.  He  asks  for-the  entire  lateral  area  in  meters, 
the  diameter  and  altitude  being  given.  The  invaders 
went  forward  in-an  orderly  wav.  Made  by-an  amateur, 
it-has  little  intrinsic  worth.  He  manages  an  electric  mo- 
tor on  another  road.  Harter  fears  he-may-be  hampered 


LENGTHS 


12- 


it-they  have-their  way. 
up  geometry. 


Among-other  studies,  he  took 


LESSON  XLVII 
Double-Length  Straight  Strokes.     The  "ther"  Tick 

1 20.  Straight  strokes  may  be  lengthened  to  add  /tv, 
dcr.  t/icr,  or  /#/-,  in  common  words  or  phrases.  They 
should  be  made  a  little  more  than  double  length,  and  be 
finished  with  a  quick,  light  stroke,  fading  to  nothingness, 
to  distinguish  them  from  two  straight  strokes  joined, 
thus : 

Btr,  \        B-B 


up  there 

gather 

chapter 

rector 

be  there 

are  there 

picture 

conjecture 

bother 

rather 

Decatur 

Hostetter 

stav  there 

writer 

conductor 

instigator 

wait  there 

hither 

educator 

spectator 

such  other 

hatter 

debater 

rapture 

scatter 

hotter 

capture 

go  there  reside  there     arbiter 

ABBREVIATION'   AND  POSITION. 

by  their        i          out  there        3          indicator     Nd-Ktr  i 
each  other   i          actor  3 

PHRASING. 

My  dear  sir,  the  other  day,  as  (a)  matter  (of)  fact, 
hither  (and)  thither. 

Add  be  there  to  each  of  the  following:  Will,  I  shall, 
we  must,  you  must,  I  would,  I  would  not,  he  would, 
I  should,  you  should,  should,  so  as  to. 

Add  there  to  each  of  the  following:  He  was,  I  was, 
it  was. 


126 


LENGTHS 


Add  there  is  and  there -were  to  each  of  the  following: 
I  know,   I  think,  you  say.   when,   if. 

121.    a.    To    the    semicircle    abbreviations    a    small, 
heavy,  slanting  tick  may  be  joined  for  ther,  thus : 

— £__  \vere  there 

what  their          would  there  what  would  there 

with  their  were  you  there       we  were  there 

b.    A   half-length    sign   may  be   changed   to  a 
double-length  to  add  thr,  thus: 

^  ^/    went  there 


did  there 
that  there 


lived  there 
left  there 


might  there       he  went  there 
Exercise 

A-, 


(toid) 

I  went  there 

I  got  there 


J~* \ercisc  92. 

Walter  will-be-there,  and  I-shall-go  thither  myself 
so-as-to-be-there  at  Easter.  They  lived-there  together 
with-the  rector,  helping  him  and  each-other.  Would- 
there  be  any  who-would  rather  stay-there  ?  I-went- 
there  to  gather  these  faots  and  such-other  material  as 


LENGTHS  127 

I-coulcl.  My-dear-Sir,  the  writer  of-the  attached  letter 
has  ordered  two  heaters  which-must-be-there  by-the 
1 5th.  I-would-not-be-there  on  time  if-I  started  for 
Decatur  now.  If-there-is-anything  for  me  to-do,  I-will 
go-there  at-another-time.  I-think-there-were  some-other 
things  sold  before  I-got-there.  When-there-is  wind  the 
withered  leaves  are  scattered  about  out-there  in-the 
yard.  Hostetter  will  go  up-there  if-there-is-nothing  to 
hinder  him.  I-should-be-there,  and  you-should-be-there 
to  hear  the  last  chapter  read.  As-(a)-matter-(of)-fact, 
did-you-go-there  with  Hendricks?  \Yas-there-anvthing- 
said  as-to  why  he-went-there  the-other-day  without-you  ? 
Are-there  any  good  reasons  for-your  wandering  hither- 
(and)-thither  in-such-a  way?  Were-there  any-others 
in-the  room  when  you-were-there  ?  We-were-there  and 
heard-the  speech:  were-you-there  also?  I  conjecture 
that  these  debaters  werc-the  instigators  of-the  riot.  The 
indicator  is  at  15. 

REVIEW. 

His  letter  shattered  my  hope  that  I-might  concentrate 
on-the  work  of-an  actor.  She  studies  the  subjects  alter- 
nately, and  has-a  smattering  of  each.  They  expect  to 
reside-there  awhile  and  assist  each-other  wherever  it-is 
possible.  Victoria  held  the  royal  scepter  for  almost 
sixty-four  years.  Are-you  aware  that  no-other  writer 
has  written  so  well  on-this-subject  ?  The  conductor  was 
among-the  spectators.  It-was  temperate  early  in-the 
dav.  but  now  it-is  hotter,  with  mutterings  of  thuirder. 
M\'-dear-s\v,  vou-must-go-there  yourself,  or  get  some- 
other  agent  to  stav-thcre.  Are-there  au\'-othcr  sights 
wonderful  enough  to  capture  you  and  keep  you  out- 
there  a  week  ?  They-went-there  with-the  letters,  and 
some  will-be  left-there  for-you  to  read.  What-would- 
there  be  to-do  if  we-were-there  that  Anderson  could- 
not-do?  Did-there  seem  to-be  anybody  up-there  who- 
\\  as  interested?  By-their  voices  I-judge  that-their  anger 


128  LENGTHS 

is  rising.  With-your  pictures  of  rest  you-are  a  tempter 
to  one  who-is  cumbered  with  too-much  work.  Were- 
their  answers  satisfactory  to-the  educators  ivhom  you- 
saw-there?  She  stayed  underneath-\\\t  arch  with-us, 
for-the  lightning  continued  with  little  respite.  .  The 
janitor  will  allow  you  to  wander  aboitt-the  rooms  and 
wait-there  for-us.  Where-fad-you  insert  the  passage 
exhorting-the  coward  to  submit  honest  evidence  to-the 
arbiters  in  future?  I-know-there-is  nothing  wonderful 
in  it,  but  might-there-not-be  something  of  interest? 
You-know  each  satellite  moves  in  its-own  orbit.  I- 
7iw//</-be-there  tf-tt-were-poss\b\e,  but,  as-it-is,  I-think- 
there-is  no  hope  of-my  going.  I-could-not-say  who- 
would  officiate.  Test  the  lightness  of-this  basket  of 
petrified  moss.  Harriet  is  writing-a  variety  of  sketches 
for-the  magazine  which  Jewett  edits.  I-saw  Fido  in- 
the  meadow  with  Kittie  in-the  shadow  of-the  oak. 


LESSON  XLVIII 

Conflicting  Words 

Note. — Distinguish  by  shading,    vowels,    position,  outline, 
length,  or  careful  writing. 

comment,  command  after,  future 

caught,  got  somewhat,  sometimes 

get,  cut  shade,  shadow 

shed,  shade  attached,  detached 

haunt,  hunt  avoid,  evade 

invite,  notify  afterward,  forward 

endless,  needless  hurt,  heard 

fatal,  futile  latitude,  altitude 

attempt,  admit  later,  latter 

rapidly,  repeatedly  another,  no  other,  neither 


LENGTHS  129 

Exercise  QJ. 

The  thought  of-the  after  effects  of-the  futile  attempt 
gives  you  needless  uneasiness.  He  spoke  repeatedly  in- 
an  excited  way  of  being  powerless  to  evade  this  haunt- 
ing shadow.  He-came  afterward  to  say  that  he-would 
await  your  comments  before  deciding.  'I  notified  him 
to  heed  all-your  commands  in-his  future  conduct.  He- 
went  forward  and  waited  in-the  shade  while  watching 
them  get  the  weeds  off-the  roadside.  He-was  heard  to 
admit  that  neither  of-them  got  any  fish.  I  walked  rap- 
idly and  was  somewhat  weary,  for  it  seemed  an  endless 
quest.  He  ordered  oak  lumber  and  I-think  no-other 
sort  will-be  accepted.  They-were  sometimes  unwilling 
to  attempt  cutting  ice  on-the  lake  in-such  weather.  I- 
was  invited  to  hunt  in-that  vicinity.  The  buggy  should- 
be  kept  in-the  shed.  Another  of-the  boys  saw  the  rab- 
bits but  he  caught  neither  of-them.  It- was  hard  to  avoid 
reading-the  attached  words.  At-what  altitude  is-this 
effect  to-be  seen  ? 

Exercise  g^. 

MISCELLANEOUS    WORDS. 

Pet,  pout,  beet,  bet,  bat,  bite,'  toad,  chewed,  jot,  jet, 
keyed,  cot,  cute,  goat,  fat,  aft,  vied,  thawed,  iced,  eased, 
oozed,  shot,  lute,  mute,  neighed. 

Capped,  cubit,  aconite,  camped,  gashed,  tacked, 
attacked,  ticked,  tepid,  timed,  ditched,  adept,  dished, 
doomed,  dilate,  checked,  chipped,  jacket,  eject,  giant, 
appetite,  baked,  bucket,  bigot,  budget,  abashed,  be- 
thought, befit,  behead,  shipped,  sheathed,  shift,  fetched, 
nipped,  invade,  inmate,  mocked,  imbued,  looped, 
loathed,  aloft,  tamed,  Ararat,  rotate,  ribbed,  writhed, 
Hackett. 

TAYLOR— 9. 


1 30  LENGTHS 

Cutlass,  godless,  skipped,  scooped,  skimmed,  sneaked, 
snuffed,  smoothed,  slouched,  slipped,  surged,  surfeit, 
cascade,  gasped,  exult,  gaslight,  testate,  dissect,  disa- 
vowed, disowned,  dissolute,  chastened,  apostate,  peas- 
ant, biscuit,  besieged,  obsolete,  assassinate,  phosphate, 
insect,  misdate,  lassitude,  lacerate,  ulcerate,  wrestled, 
Scottish,  adjud-icate. 

Patter,  powder,  spatter,  tatter,  tutor,  tighter,  debtor, 
daughter,  doubter,  chatter,  fitter,  feeder,  fighter,  ouster, 
tinker,  puncture,  specter. 

Ind-iana,  Ind-ianapolis,  Deadwood,  Hudson. 
REVIEW. 

\t-\--tuere  a-juare  -what-you-~uoould  like,  I-might  some- 
times succeed  in  entirely  satisfying  you.  We-hope 
~jjhat-you--were  saying  was  but  little  connected  ivith- 
Tvhat  Ward  said  the-other-fay .  We-said  what-we-were 
intending  to  hold  to  as-(a)-matter-(of)-fact.  As-it-is, 
you-have  harmed  us  but  little  by-this  command  to-the 
restless  younger  sons.  Foster  was  up-stairs,  as  ^tinder- 
stood,  hunting  for-the  deed,  among-otAer-thiags.  W hat- 
is  Hester  willing  to  testify  as-to-the  whereabouts  of  her 
son  Alexander?  You-saw  hoiv  unjustly  he  deceived 
us,  in-this-matter  of-the  distance  out-there.  We-will-be 
working  mostly  in  behalf  of-the  actors.  We-will-have 
handsome  and  costly  hangings  used,  and  no-others* 
We-will-be  at-the  establishment  to  meet  his  father  to- 
day, tf-t/iere-is-nolh\ng  to  hinder.  You-shall  see-the 
pictures  of-the  old  Masters  in  Rome.  We-will-have  no 
delay  in  entering-the  room,  for  Anderson  must-be-there 
•without  loss  of  time.  We-must-he  honestly  justified  in 
ivhat-ivere  innocent  acts  by-which  neither  of-us  intended 
wrong.  Castor  says  we-must-have  Hiram's  chests  car- 
ried up-there  at-(the)-same-time.  Wc-may-^o  for-a 
minister  if-there-is  one  to-be  had.  We-must-be  mak- 
ing-the  lists  now,  so-as-(to)-be-there  by-the  latter  half 
of  August.  We-must-go  for-a  teamster  to  haul  away 
these  boxes,  among-other-things.  She  possesses  all-the 


LENGTHS  IJI 

oldest  notes  signed  by  Harding,  excepting-\he  one  given 
to-the  conductor.  Has-he  wasted  time  in  any  other 
way?  You-and-I  feared  the  maniac  might  stay-there 
the  entire  day.  Te-have  heard  and  heeded  not.  Had- 
he  the  tweezers  in-his  hand  with-which  to  twist  the 
wire  ?  Are-we  allowed  to  answer  any  queries  in-this- 
matter?  li-you-expect  to  sue  Hutchison,  my-dear  Wal- 
ter, you-shouhd  stay  out-there  this  month. 


INITIAL  HOOKS 

LESSONS  XL1X-L1X 


133 


LESSON   XLIX 
L-Hook 

122.  The  consonants  r  and  /frequently  occur  imme- 
diately after  other  consonants.      The  consonant-groups 
thus  formed,  like  pL  tr.  etc.,  are  represented  in  short- 
hand by  a  modification  of  the  strokes  for  p,  t,  etc.,  by 
means  of  a  small  hook  at  the  beginning. 

123.  On    straight   strokes   the    1-hook   turns   like  the 
hook  formed  by  bending  the  forefinger  of  the  left  hand  ; 
on  curves  it  turns  from  within. 

124.  The   1-hook  is  indicated  by  1.      The  names  of 
the  1-hook  signs  are  pel.  bel,  etc. 

.     \  \   r   r  /  /'  —  — 

PI       Bl       Tl      Dl    CHI    Jl      Kl       Gl 

^  A:    oo    J 

Fl       VI        Till     DH1      SHI 

Note. — For  SHI  the  stroke  is  upward,  the  hook  being  formed 
first,  as  in  the  other  cases. 

125.  Since  the  sm'all  hook  at  the  beginning  of  J/,  N 
and  R  represents  it1,  on  these  strokes  a  wider  hook  is 
used, to  represent  /in  a  consonant-group,  thus: 


XI  Rl 

(135) 


136 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


126.  A  vowel  before  or  after  a  consonant-group   is 
placed  before  or  after  the  consonant  stroke,  as  with  sim- 

\  % 

pie  signs:        *\   able,  \  P'ay- 

127.  Hooked   signs   may   precede   or   follow   simple 
strokes,  or  may  be  joined  to  each  other: 


claim, 


maple, 


pliable. 


128*  In  some  cases  where  a  hooked  sign  joins  an- 
other stroke,  a  perfect  hook  cannot  be  formed,  and  a 
partial  hook  must  be  made,  thus: 


C\  huddle,     X^    \  reply, 
Exercise      ". 


I 


needle. 


\  Vs. 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


137 


play 

Clara 

employe 

illegal 

unless 

tipple 

pleasant 

liable 

likely 

analyze 

placed 

obliged 

payable 

fickle    • 

unlucky 

complies 

fluid 

pupil 

article 

unlock 

able 

Flora 

cheaply 

uncle 

unlikely 

close 

(127) 

resemble 

beaut-iful 

final-ly 

class 

simple 

total-ly 

lawful 

Nathaniel 

flies 

Isabel 

entitle 

official 

Campbell 

claim 

table 

model 

bushel 

rely 

climb 

double 

local 

(See  125) 

relapse 

club 

employ 

legal 

only 

relax 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 


people 

PI 

quickly 

K-K1  i 

apply 

PI  3 

identical 

i-Dt-Kl 

applicable 

P1-B1  3 

quitclaim 

Kt-Kl-M  i 

obligatory 

Bl-R  i 

District  of 

at  least 

Tlst3 

Columbia 

Dstv-Kt-Kl 

idle 

(toid)  i-Dl 

mechanical 

M-K-K1 

largely 

Jl3 

foreclose 

F-Kls 

family 

Ml  3 

changeable 

CH-B1 

capable 

K-B1 

exchangeable 

Ks-CH-Bl 

incapable 

N-K-B1 

chargeable 

CH-B1  3 

capital 

K-P1 

thankful 

TH-F1  3 

unspeakable 

N-sP-Bl  i 

useful 

S-F13 

allowable 

L-B1  3 

faithful 

F-F1 

influential 

N-SH1  i 

129.     Will  and  all,   in  phrases   with  other   common 
words,  may  be  represented  by  the  1-hook. 

it  will  who  will       by  all       to  all 

which  will       they  will        at  all         in  all 
he  will  that  will        of  all 


138  INITIAL    HOOKS 

Exercise  96. 

I-am  pleased  and  thankful  that  Clara  will  give  me-a 
legal  title  to-the  home  place.  He-is  capable  of  showing 
that  that-will-be-the  simplest  way  finally  to  close  up  our 
club  affairs.  It-will-be-seen  that  they-will  never  apply 
to-us  at-all,  though  it-is  allowable  in-all-such-cases.  If- 
they  continue  to-be  so  fickle,  at-least  in-all-such-matters 
as-this,  they-will-be  obliged  to-be  idle.  The  law  is 
useful  and  is  applicable  to-all-the  people  and  must-be 
obeyed  by-all.  Campbell  will-be-the  most  influential 
of-all,  for  he-has  pleasant  ways  which-will  quickly  win 
you.  He-will-be  likely  to  assist  Daniel  with  some 
capital,  if  only  for-the  sake  of-his  family.  He-is-not 
changeable  and  it-is  certain  that  he-will  foreclose.  You- 
are  the  one  who-will-be  largely  chargeable  for-the  un- 
lucky error.  Nathaniel  resembles  him  in  being  incapa- 
ble of  official  deceit.  He-will-be  left  without-a  single 
dollar  unless  he  complies  with-his  uncle's  wishes  in-all- 
things.  This  double  improvement  entitles  employer 
and  employe  to  largely  identical  advantages.  With 
unspeakable  joy  I-see  that,  deeming  your  request  for-a 
quitclaim  deed  obligatory,  he-will  faithfully  meet  it. 
The  mechanical  features  were  worked  out  in-the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia.  The  note  is  exchangeable  for  cash. 

REVIEW. 

Was-it-\\ot  Mabel  who  so  quickly  and  faithfully  put- 
the  labels  on-the  bottles  for  Campbell?  Flora  was 
uncertain  -whether  flies  and  beetles  might-be  classed 
among  animals.  No-doubt  he-will-be  willing  to  sell 
five  bushels  of-his  plums  in-all.  Lionel  afterward 
wrote  on-the  blank  ticket  the  official  title  applicable  to- 
him.  I-need-not-say  that  by  closing-his  store  he-will 
make-the  idleness  of-the  employes  obligatory.  You- 
\\ill-see-the  capitol  and  many-other  beautiful  places 


INITIAL    HOOKS  139 

that-will  interest  you.  They-will  doubtless  intimate 
that-the  cloth  is  identical  with-the  sample,  or  at-least 
that  it  closely  resembles  it.  She  relies  largely  on-the 
aid  of  influential  people,  and  is  naturally  thankful  for- 
it  in-all-cases.  Of-all-the  mechanical  geniuses  \vho- 
vvill  apply,  he-is-the  one,  capable  or  incapable,  whom 
Michael  will  undertake  to  employ.  If  legal  at-all,  it- 
is-a  command  that-will  apply  to-all  on-the-other-s\<\e  as- 
well.  j\fy-dcar-s>\\',  unless  admitted  by-all,  Nichols  is 
unlikely  to  claim  that-the  suit  to  foreclose  is  illegal.  I- 
wonder  if  Daniel  would  rather  climb  the  ladder  for-the 
plums.  It-is-not  allowable  to  claim  that-the  entire 
family  is  chargeable  with-the  error  of  Nathaniel  and 
the-other  son.  Neitlier  order  is  exchangeable  for  cash 
at-the  local  bank  or  any-other.  Isabel  gathered  and 
placed  in-the  exhibit  many-other  useful  and  beautiful 
articles.  The  total  sum  for-which  ive-are  liable  is 
payable  immediately,  and  the  money  must-be-there  to- 
morrow. It-is  entirely  unlikely  that  we-shall  avoid  or 
hesitate  to  pay  a  lawful  claim.  Clay  Daniels  will 
analyze  the  fluid,  and  acquaint  us  with-its  nature.  I- 
shall  need  only  your  aid,  and  you-may  rely  on  me  to-go 
•with -yon.  With  unspeakable  dismay  I-saw  him  leave 
for-the  District  of  Columbia  with-the  quitclaim  deed. 
He  bought  silks  of  changeable  hues. 


LESSON  L 

L-Hook,  Continued 

130.  Hooked  signs  may  be  halved  to  add  /  or  d,  and 
doubled  to  add  ter,  etc. 

131.  Iss  may  be  written  within  an  1-hook,  thus: 


\ 


supply 


140 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


Exercise  <?/. 


- 

V^ 

\  \' 

(128) 

03°)  ' 

beveled 

social 

unable 

complete 

include 

civilize 

noble 

completely 

blotter 

displeased 

reply 

plate 

clatter 

disable 

surplus 

plat 

glitter 

disclosed 

novel 

blot 

flatter 

feasible 

riddle 

Claude 

(130 

bicycle 

hotel 

clo//d 

supply 

musical 

regal 

flight 

settle 

rattle 

float 

civil 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 


applied  Pit  3 

able  to  Bit 

conclude  Kit  3 
conclusive-ly  Kls  3 
exclude  sKlt 

exclusive          sKls 


explicit 

obstacle 

circulate 

initial  I 

acceptable       sPt-Bl  3 


sPl-sT 
6Bs-Kl 
sR-Klt 


Exercise  98. 

I  conclude  that  Claude  is  able-to  supply  you  with 
complete  duplicate  lists  of-all  names  with  initials  A  to 
M.  inclusive.  I-am-glad  that  you- will-be- able-to  settle- 
the  matter  conclusively  for  yourselves.  I-hope  you-are- 


INITIAL    HOOKS  14! 

nble-to  say  ho\v-the  surplus  cash  was  applied.  We- 
have  disclosed  to  them  the  fact  that  we-shall-be  com- 
pletely disabled  in  business  by-the  loss  of-this  capital. 
I-am  unable  to  accuse  him  of  giving  flattering  replies 
to  please  anybody.  I-was  glad  that-the  plate  of  apples 
was  acceptable  to-you.  He-was  displeased  when-I 
displayed-the  pledge  which  he-was  circulating.  All 
obstacles  which  exclude  the  success  of-his  glittering 
hopes  are  to-him  evils.  It-is-an  explicit  command  and, 
though-a  novel  idea,  I-suppose  it-is  feasible.  We 
ought-to-be-able-to  solve-the  riddle,  though  no  refer- 
ence to  plats  is  included.  Mitchell  is  paying  only 
seventy-five  cents  a  bushel  for  apples.  Flora  says-the 
pupils  in  her  class  employ  most  of-the  time  in  play. 
They-will-be  made  after-a  simple  model,  and  will-be 
cheaply  put  together.  The  glass  is  passably  good,  and 
we  conclude  that  we-shall-be-able-to  use  all  exclusive 
ofTthat  with-the  beveled  edge.  The  sky  was  clouded, 
and  fleecy  snow-flakes  fluttered  softly  to-the  earth. 

REVIEW. 

He-says  he-will-be  unable  to  split  the  block  at-all, 
but  will  work  at-it  a  little  longer.  Is-he  ready  to 
say  that-the  evidence  is  conclusive  that  artificial  lights 
were  visible  underneath-\.\\e  arch  at-the  mouth  of-the 
tunnel?  He-and-I  doubt  ivhcther  they-will,  as-(a)-mat- 
ter-(of)-fact,  display  any  musical  powers.  Is-it-not-a 
fact  that-the  satchels  of-all-t\ie  boys  have-their  initials 
worked  on  them?  You-and-I  may-be  able,  with-this 
plea,  to  work  up  the  changeable  rabble  to-the  highest 
pitch  of  anger.  Henderson  applied  himself  to-the  read- 
ing at-first,  but  soon  relapsed  into  idleness  if  nobody 
urged  him  onward.  Would-ive  have-a  right  to  con- 
clude that-the  libel  was  circulated  and  used  to  eclipse 
his  glory.  Had-he-not  owned  that  he  wished"  to  relax 
his  feeble  attempts  at-the  first  obstacle?  //-u77/-be- 
said,  no-doubt,  that  you-have  repeatedly  excluded 


142  INITIAL    HOOKS 

nickel  money.  All  will-be  accepted  of  you  exclusive 
of  those  which  he-and-I  have  only  nominally  ratified. 
Those  explicitly  indicated  are  allowable,  being  accept- 
able in-all  respects.  He  buckled  on  his  cloak,  flung 
himself  into-the  saddle  and  clattered  away  in  hasty 
flight.  Are-we  to  cling  to-the  hope  that  he-is  com- 
pletely civilizing-the  people?  Is-he  astonished  at-the 
hundreds  of  bicycles  flashing  eastward  past  the  hotel? 
Does  anybody  doubt  that-his  physical  state  is  largely 
chargeable  .to-the  long  service  he-has-had  under-the 
flag?  It-is-a  subject  ivhich-ivill-be  easily  understood 
by-all  who-will  listen  to-all  that-will-\>e-sa.\<\.  He-will- 
be  disabled  in  business  by-this  loss  of  capital  added  to- 
his  existing  indebtedness.  Please  give-me  your  blotter 
to  take  up  this  ink  blot  on-the  fly-leaf  of-my  Bible. 
Was-he-not  saying  that  he-has-the  household  goods 
stored  in-his  stable  exactly  as  I-sent  them? 


LESSON  LI 
R-Hook 

132.  (See  122.)    For  r,  the  small  hook  on  straight 
strokes  turns  like  the  hook  formed  by  bending  the  fore- 
finger of  the  right  hand ;  on  curves  it  turns  from  within. 

133.  The  r-hook  is  indicated  by  r.     The  names  of 
the  r-hook  signs  are  per,  ber,  etc. 

\\  1    1  /  /  _  . J  J 

Pr     Br    Tr   Dr  CHr  Jr      Kr       Gr      SHr    ZHr 

134.  To  preserve  the  right-hand  hook  for  r,  the  signs 
for  Fr,  and  THr  are  made  by  turning  the  F  and  TH 
over  side-wise,  thus: 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


Vr 


THr 


DHr 


Note.  — These  signs  will  not  conflict  with  any  other  strokes, 
because  no  r-hook  is  placed  on  It,  W,  S,  or  Z. 

135-    The  signs  for  Mr  and  Nr  are  made  heavy  to 
distinguish  them  from  wM  and  wN,  thus: 


Mr 


Nr 


These  signs  conflict  with  no  others,  since  MP  and 
NG  take  no  r-hook. 

136.    For  Lr  a  wide  hook  is  placed  on  L,  to  distin- 
guish it  from  wL,  thus:    C     Lr. 


Exercise  99. 


•) 


•\X\    117. 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


appraise 
precise 
oppresses 
propose 
proposal 
presume 
premises 
proceeds 
appreciate 
Bretrster 
bring 
tree 
utter 
trust 

contractor 
(.Tr-Ktr) 

opportunity 

pretty 

practice 

practices 

practical 

property 

proper-ly 

improper-ly 

probable-y 

improbable 

member 

remember 

remembered 

number 

brother 


dry 

drew 

addressed 

dreary 

across 

crisis 

create 

eager 

grow 

(i34) 
offer 

free 

fresh 

Shaffer 

Humphrey 

Hoover 

ABBREVIATION 

Prt 

Pl-t 

Prs3 

Prss  3 

Pr-Kl  3 

Pr-P 

Pr-P 

M-Pr-P 

Pr-Bl 

M-Pr-Bl 

Br 

Br 

Brt 

Br3 

Br3 


over 

authorize 

thrive 

(135) 

immerse 

honor 

627) 
Wilbur 
Oct-ober 
preacher 
Fletcher 
ledger 
leisure 
measure 
maker 
smoker 


(128) 

decrease 

degree 

progress 


Fo\vler 
annular 

(i3°) 

trade 

orchard 

regret 

gratified 

congratulate 

effort 

fruit 

greater  (Grtr) 


AND  POSITION. 
danger 
dangerous 
endanger 
agree 
agreed 
from 
favor 
favored 
favorable-y 
unfavorable-y 
through 
throughout 
Mr. 
pleasure 


D-Jr 
D-Jrs 
X-D-Jr 
Gr  i 
Grt  i 
Fr 
Vr3 
Vrt3 
Vr-Bl  3 
X-Vr-Bl  3 
THr3 
THrt  3 
Mr  i 
ZHr 


INITIAL    HOOKS  145 

PHRASING. 

I  presume  (toid)  in  receipt  (Nr-sT) 

I  remember  in  reference  (Xr-F) 

I  trust  in  respect  (Nr-sP) 

at  any  rate  (T-Nrt  3)  in  reply  (Nr-Pl) 

at  the  present  time  (T-Prs-T  3)  greater  or  less  (Grtr-Ls) 
137.    Are,  were  and  oiir,  in  phrases  with  other  com- 
mon words,  may  be  represented  by  the  r-hoo"k. 

they  are  which  were  3          of  our 

that  are  (DHrt  i)     who  are  to  our 

which  are  who  were  3  in  our 

Exercise  100. 

I-remember  that  I-was  eager  for-a  favorable  oppor- 
tunity to  congratulate  Mr.  Brewster  on-his  winning  so 
large-a  number  of  prizes.  In-reference  to-the  proposed 
work  of-our  company,  it-will  probably  be  in  progress 
at-any-rate  bv  October.  We  remembered  that  Fletcher 
thought  it  improbable  that  we-could  agree  on-a  trade. 
He-was-a  member  of-the  company  and  had-a  practical 
knowledge  of-the  business,  or  we-might-have  favored 
you  and  agreed  to-your  proposal.  Mr.  Shaffer  will 
take-pleasure  in  favoring  you,  for  he-has  appreciated 
your  efforts  in-our  behalf  throughout-the  year.  We 
tried  to  agree  on-the  precise  sum  we-might  authorize 
Fowler  to  offer  for-the  property  without  endangering 
our  interests.  They-are  taking  measures  which-are 
pretty  certain  to  decrease  to-a  greater- (or)-less  degree 
the  danger  of-these  practices.  The  trees  which-were 
set  out  late  were  thriving  well  all  through-the  dry 
weather.  It-is  his  practice  to  oppress  those  who-are  in- 
his  employ.  I-presume  it-is-not  improper  to  pay  heed 
to-our  honor  in-this  affair.  His  request  is  in-respect  to- 
TAYLOR — 10. 


146  INITIAL    HOOKS 

the  papers  that-are  to-be  sent  to-those  who-were  absent 
yesterday.  I-trust  it-is  proper  for  Grace  to  ask  for  help 
from  her  brother  in-this  dangerous  crisis.  I-am  in- 
receipt  of-your  letter,  and  in-reply  I-must-say  it  looks 
unfavorable  that  at-(the)-present-time  he-is-not  invest- 
ing here. 

REVIEW. 

Humphrey  thinks  it  improbable  that  so  light  a  frost 
will  endanger  the  fruit  in-our  orchards.  I  regret  Wil- 
bur's act  in  accepting-\\\e  opportunity  he-has-had  of 
defrauding-the  contractors  who-were  employing  him. 
\Vas-he-not  at-(the)-same-time  presenting  to  Tracy 
some  of-the  fresh  fish  brought  from-his  trip?  ]\Iy-dcar 
Claude,  I-am  in-receipt  of-your  letter,  and  in-replv  will- 
say  that  Elmer  agrees  not  to  bring  any  trouble  to 
Fletcher  or  to-our  brother  in  ~induIging-\\\'$,  scientific 
pursuits.  You-will  remember  that  I-got  Abner  to  talk 
pretty  freely  to-us  on  Friday  of-the  practical  measures 
which  are  to-be  employed.  In-reference  to  the  added 
danger  of-these  illegal  practices,  I  trust  to  the  efforts 
of -my  neighbors  and  intimate  acquaintances  through- 
out. I-remember  that  we  all  owned  and  agreed  that- 
the  proceeds  of-the  property  on-the  premises  should 
properly  be  awarded  to-the  Major.  Do  you-remember 
that  you-said  you-ivotild  undoubtedly  speak  in-mv  favor 
in  respect  to-this-matter  z/"-zV-vvere  possible?  These  im- 
proper and  illegal  proceedings  probably  created  the 
intensely  dangerous  state  actually  existing  among-the 
members  at- (the)- present  time.  Mr.  Trumbuil  at-an- 
other-time  drew  the  paper  from-his  pocket  and  allo-ccd 
me  to  read  through  all- the  items  of-our  contract  with 
greater-(or)-less  exactness.  The  meetings  are  bringing 
in  crowds  of  people  and  the  society  is,  w*'Mo»/-doubt, 
growing  in  numbers  at-any-rate,  and  I-presume  in 
interest  also.  In  leisure  hours  I  take  pleasure  in-the 
practice  of  physical  exercises  as-a  substitute  for  useful 
manual  labor.  Is-tt-noi  true,  as  \-undcrstood ,  that  it- 
Jiad  soinc-i'hat  favored  the  growth  of  crops  in-that 
dreary  spot?  I-was  gratified  when  he-went  across  the 


INITIAL    HOOKS  147 

room  and  addressed  some  favorable  words  to  Mr. 
Thatcher.  They-are  people  vvho-are  ready  to  remove 
obstacles  and  do  all  things  that-are  conducive  to-our 
welfare.  We  remembered  that  Wilson  was  unfavorable 
to-our  idea,  although  under  pressure  and  threats  he 
after-card  agreed.  Did-he  show  astonishment  when 
Alexander  started  ivestivard  to  St.  Louis  as-late-as 
December?  Did  Humphrey  go  at-it  in-a  scientific  way? 
A/n'l)ody-e\se  would-do  little  good  in-such-matters. 
When  I-sent  for-the  lumber  did-I  guess  that  Stewart 
had-it,  or  any  of -it,  stored  in-his  yard? 


LESSON  LII 

R-Hook  with  Circle  and  Loop 

138.  For  initial  iss,  ses,  or  steh,  with  a  straight  r-hook 
sign,  the  hook  is  closed  to  form  a  small  or  large  circle, 
or  a  loop,  thus: 

N       1        N 

sPr  ssTr  stPr 

These  will  not  conflict  with   sP,  ssT,  stP,   etc.-  be- 
cause in  them  the  circle  or  loop  is  on  the  other  side. 

139.  With  curved  r-hook  signs,  the  small  circle  only 
can   be  written,   and  must   be  shown   inside   the  hook. 
The  reason  for  this  is,  that  if  the  circle  were  closed  up 
to  the  stroke,  the  sign  would  be  exactly  like  iss  with  a 
simple  stroke. 


sFr      sVr     sTHr    sMr         sNr 


148 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


140.    Straight  r-hook  signs  with  iss  are  joined  to  pre- 
ceding strokes  in  the  following  manner: 

\  I 

a-         «\    prosper,          <*i     destroy. 


b. 


I 
t- 


extra, 


L. 


disappear. 


disagree,    <^    Jasper,     t^  decipher. 

Note. — In  the  words  under  c  the  circle  is  made  on  the  first 
stroke,  and  from  the  point  where  the  circle  ends  the  second 
stroke  starts  like  a  simple  sign. 

141.  Iss  in  r-hook  signs  which  are  curved  or  joined 
to  curves  is  shown  thus: 


prisoner  Hosmer  passover      massacre 

Exercise  101. 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


149 


spray        strict           sacrifice 

destroy            Hosmer 

supper      stream        secret-ary 

di-stress           designer 

spread      construct   Stocker 

industry           dishonor 

sober        strength     stopper 

industrious      listener 

supreme  struggle        (J39) 

(i4o<5)             (HoO 

saber        sister          suffer 

extract             descry 

suburb      di-saster     sever 

Caspar             disagree 

straw         cider           sooner 

depositor         disagreeable 

stray         seeker        signer 

re-cipro-cate  disgrace 

stress        secret            (1400) 

(141)  .          Jasper 

straight    secrecy       prosper 

massacre         dissever 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

express            sPrs 

extraordinary     sTr-Rd 

expresses        sPrss 

consider              sDr 

expressed        sPrst 

considered          sDrt  i 

expressly        sPrs-L 

considerate         sDrt  I 

expressive      sPrs-V 

considerable-y  sDr 

surprise           sPrs 

exaggerate         sjrt 

surprises          sPrss 

exaggeratory     sJrt-R 

surprised         sPrst 

describe              sKr  i 

exasperate      ssPr  3 

described            sKrt  I 

separate           sPrt 

Sec.  of  State     sKrt-sTt 

street               sTrt  i 

Sec.  of  War      sKit-wR 

strictly            sTr-Kl 

passenger           Ps-Jr 

stranger           sTr-Jr 

messenger          Ms-Jr 

structure         sTr-Tr 

scripture             sKr-Pt 

remonstrate    R-M-sTrt 

scriptural            sKr-Pt-L 

Exercise  102, 

Cosner's  expressive  face  showed  surprise  on  hearing 
of  Fred's  separating  himself  from-the  company  in  so  dis- 
honorable a  way.  The  secretary  laid  considerable  stress 
on-the  importance  of  adopting  Hosmer's  measure.  Cas- 


150  INITIAL    HOOKS 

par  considers  this-the  secret  of-his  supreme  success. 
Mr.  Stocker  considered  that  he-was  strictly  obeying 
your  express  command  in  making-the  structure  entirely 
of  brick.  My  sister  was  surprised  to  see  him  staggering 
up  the  street  to-day.  He-was  straightway  sobered  by-the 
news  of-the  disaster  and-the  sufferings  of-the  people. 
The  senior  member  expresses  himself  as  satisfied,  and 
describes  the  business  in-the  suburbs  as  having  pros- 
pered well.  Jasper  put-the  cider  into  bottles  with  stop- 
pers. All-the  signers  of-the  pledge  will  consider-the 
sacrifice  small.  It-will  surprise  them  considerably  to 
hear  of-the  strength  of-our  new  industry.  You-were 
expressly  commanded  to  destroy-the  papers  described 
in-my  letter.  Most  of-the  listeners  disagreed  with-the 
stranger  and  were  less  considerate.  Alfred  was-the  de- 
signer of-this  beautiful  piece  of  work.  It  surprises  me 
to  hear  that-the  secretary-(of)-state  expressed  an  extra- 
ordinary interest  in-our  messenger.  The  case  was  so 
exasperating  that  he  remonstrated  with-the  passengers 
in  somewhat  exaggeratory  language.  They  exaggerate 
in  speaking  of-the  powers  of-the  secretary-(of)-war. 
He  claimed  scriptural  authority,  and  quoted  the  texts  of 
scripture  on- which  he  relied. 

REVIEW. 

We-made  them  use  straw  to  separate  the  bricks  from 
each-other.  The  estate  should-not-be  severed,  for  it-is 
one.  Homer  was  considerably  surprised  and  exasper- 
ated when-the  rock  broke  in  pieces  under  such  gentle 
strokes  of-his  hammer.  They-were  protected  from  dis- 
aster by  erecting  to-the  eastward  or  left-hand  the  struc- 
ture which  I-have  described.  As-to-\\\c  matter  of  Har- 
per's substitute  in  St.  Louis,  I-got  it  arranged  in-the 
strictest  secrecy  before  his  messenger  went-there.  Hc- 
ivill  with  certainty  remonstrate,  and  will  cite  decrees 
of-the  supreme  bench  expressly  applying  to-such  extra- 


INITIAL    HOOKS  151 

ordinary  cases  as-that  you  describe.  He  constructed  that 
a rtificial  enclosure  so-as-(to)-be-able-to  handle  animals 
straying  on-the-oiher-s\<\e  of-the  suburb.  The  stranger 
was  in-a  //<?//"  stupor  yesterday,  but  is  now  brighter,  ami 
would  go  o)iu>ard  to  Oxford  ivere-tt-not  that  he  awaits 
another  passenger  who-is-an  acquaintance.  The  order 
to  respect-the  interests  of-the  depositors  and  hold  them 
harmless  surprises  Bradley,  but  nobody-else.  The  at- 
mosphere along-there  is  ivonderfiilly  heavy  with  spray 
from-the  rapids  in-the  stream.  They  scrambled  up  the 
Westward  slope  with  incredible  speed  and  surprised  us. 
They  expressed  themselves  at-another-time  as  consider- 
ing-the  soprano  of-the  younger  sister  good.  Hubert 
probably  considers  the  scraps  of  brass  worthless;  at-any- 
rate,  he  threw  them  into-the  street.  The  story  is  exag- 
gerated, for  in  the  scrimmage  no-other  soldier  of-ours, 
except ing-\\\e  Major,  received  a  scratch.  He  expresses 
himself  as  sorry  at  being  incapable  of  reciprocating  your 
wonderful  goodness  in  any  jifst  degree.  With  astonish- 
ment I  descried  dim  shapes  moving  hither-(and)-thither 
under  the  broad  outstretched  boughs  of-the  great  cedars. 
Herbert  describes  himself  at-(the)-present-time  as-a 
seeker  of-the  truth  in-this  -world.  I  charged  them 
strictly  to  send- the  new  copies  of  the  Scriptures  for- 
ward immediatelv  by  express  if-there  should-be  noth- 
ing to  hinder.  It  would-be  an  zmspcakable  disgrace  to 
let  anybody  overthrow  the  stars  and  stripes.  Thev  mis- 
nnderstood  his  considerate  words,  ivhich-vjere  in  truth 
expressive  of  sympathy.  The  sooner  thev  start  after 
supper  for  some-other  place,  the  better  all  the  members 
of-the  household  will-be  pleased.  Although  an  indus- 
trious people,  life  in  that  place  must-be  a  struggle.  The 
prisoner  gives  exaggeratory  testimony  of-the  massacre. 
They- have  spread  fresh  gravel  over  the  straight,  broad 
street.  He  suggested  names  for  secretary-(of  )-state  and 
secretary- (of)-war.  He  cites  scriptural  authority. 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


LESSON  LI  1 1 

R-Hook — Continued 
Exercise  JOJ. 


'•\7v 


1      !     -1 

prices 

embrace 

Andrew 

(134) 

generous 

process 

treat 

voucher 

thrust 

string 

precisely 

contract 

ledger 

threat-ens 

strategy 

promise 

treasure 

major 

afraid 

scrut-inize 

promptly 

trustees 

acre 

freed-om 

(140) 

pressure 

contrary 

cred-it 

035) 

discourse 

approach 

daughter 

cred-itor 

inner 

discursive 

Nebraska 

editor 

Greek 

energetic 

execrable 

labored 

untrue 

Fisher 

honorable 

apostrophe 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 


practised          Prst  3 
practicable       Pr-Kt  3 
impracticable  M-Pr-Kt  3 
appropriate     Pr-Prt 
prospect  Prs-Pt 

book-keeper    B-K-Pr 


newspaper       Xs-P-Pr 
liberty  Br  i 

brotherhood    Br-D  3 
neighborhood  X-Brt 
attract  Tr-Kt  3 

extreme  sTr-M 


INITIAL  HOOKS  153 

extremity  sTr-M-T  frank  Fr-K  3 

larger  Jr  3  frankly  Fr-Kl  3 

creature  Krt  i  every  Vr 

increase  N-Krs  i  everybody  Vr-Bt 

quicker  K-Kr  i  everything  Vr-NG 

Great  Britain  Grt-Brt  everywhere  Vr-wR 

either  DHr  i  foreclosure  F-Kl-ZHr 

other  DHr  3  treasurer  Tr-ZHr 

otherwise  DHr-Ws  3  owner  Nr  -3 

PHRASING. 

everything  else  prior  (to)  that  time 

everywhere  else          in  all  probability  (Nl-Pr-Bl) 

Exercise  104. 

In-all-probability,  everybody  will  refuse  to  offer  the 
appraised  price  for-the  ten  acre  lot.  By-the  quicker 
process  practiced  in-our  shops,  the  blocks  are  immersed 
in-the  liquid.  Prior-(to)-that-time  the  owner  put  some 
larger  braces  on-the  inner  side  of-the  wall.  As-they  ap- 
proached us  from-the  bridge,  the  speed  of-the  troopers 
increased.  Every  member  here,  as-well-as  everywhere- 
else,  is  pleased  with-the  prospect  of  having  Major  An- 
drews as  editor  of-the  newspaper.  Either  the  book- 
keeper or-the  treasurer  will  break  to  Pressley  the 
disagreeable  news  qf-the  foreclosure  by-the  creditors  in 
Nebraska.  No  pleasure  trip  is  possible  while  the  pres- 
sure of  business  is  making  so  much  extra  work.  Other- 
wise, I-should  take-the  liberty  to  thrust  aside  every- 
thing-else  and  embrace  your  extremely  generous  offer. 
Contrary  to  what  Frank  expected,  Palmer  brought  in-a 
good  string  of  fish  from-his  trip  over-there.  I-am  in- 
receipt  of  Homer's  letter,  and  I-am-afraid  he-will  either 
bring  trouble  to  others  or  disgrace  to-himself.  The 
manner  of-his  work  on-the  ledger  having  attracted  my 


154  INITIAL    HOOKS 

notice,  I  scrutinized  every  step  closely.  Was-it-not 
practicable  and  appropriate  to  hold  a  meeting  of-the 
Brotherhood  in  that  neighborhood  ?  In-this  extremity  I 
frankly  admit  that-the  step  is  impracticable.  I-met-the 
pretty  little  creature  on-a  steamer  from  Great  Britain. 
Such  execrable  conduct  is  everywhere  treated  with  con- 
tempt. 

REVIEW. 

Everybody  will  say  that-the  quicker  you-do  all  things 
ivhich-are  necessaiy,  the  sooner  you-shall  know  the 
pleasures  of  liberty.  Fisher  promised  prior-(to)-that- 
time  to  contract  with-the  agent  of-our  house  for-a 
larger  order  of  flavoring  extracts.  /«-a//-probability 
the  thought  of-th"e  honorable  member  is  strictly  true 
and  should-be  promptly  acted  on ;  otherwise  trouble 
may  ensue.  It-is  utterly  untrue  that-the  trustees  and- 
the  teachers  dread  the  prospect  of  extremely  hard  work 
in-the  spring  months.  Baker  omitted  the  apostrophe 
in-the  possessive  of  "Greeks"  and  other  words.  The 
treasurer  says  they-are  vouchers  that-are  precisely  like 
the  ones  sent  over-there  by-the  book-keeper  before-the 
foreclosure.  To-our  credit  it-may-be  said  that  every- 
thing is  in  readiness.  They-are  people  ivho-arc  likely  to 
claim  freedom  everywhere  in-respect  to-these  matters 
and  to  everything-else.  I  write  in-reference  to-the  in- 
crease in-the  price  of  steam  hammers  like  those  ivhich- 
ivere  ordered  last  week.  All-the  newspaper  editors  and 
owners  ivho-ivere  present  either  favored  the  measure  or 
left  it  unopposed.  Here  as  evervwhere-else  they-are 
attracted  by  every  exercise  \\hich-mav-be  practiced  in- 
the  streets.  I-am  in-receipt  of-your  jfoz>or.  and  in-rcply 
will  say  that  at-present  the  property  is-not  for-sale. 
I  labored  to  lessen  in  some  degree  your  daughter's 
distress  at-the  loss  of-the  treasure.  By-an  energetic 
stroke  and-a  little  stratagem  the  threatened  danger  was 
avoided '.  Is-not-the  Brotherhood,  at-least  throughout 
Great  Britain,  increasing  considerably  in  numbers?  Is- 
not  Pritchard  frank  enough  to  admit  that  this  scheme 


INITIAL    HOOKS  .  155 

for  decreasing-the  indebtedness  is  practicable  if  faith- 
fnll\  carried  through  ?  ls-there-no\.  some-other  appro- 
priate and  acceptable  method  for-the  neighborhood  to 
adopt  in  times  of  extremity  and  danger?  We-went  to 
see  some  beautiful  pictures  of-the  wild  creatures  in- 
their  natural  haunts. 


LESSON  LIV 
Intermediate  Vowels 

142.  An  initial  hook  should  be  used  for  r  or  /  follow- 
ing another  consonant  in  the  same  syllable,  even  when  a 
distinct  vowel  sound  is  heard  between  the  consonants. 

143.  The  intermediate  position  of  a  vowel  is  shown 
as  follows: 

a.  Dot  vo\vels  are  changed  into  circles,  the  long 
vowels  being  placed  before  and  the  short  ones  after  the 
stroke  (except  where  the  form  of  the  outline  makes  the 
regular  relation  inconvenient). 


peer  fill  rail         dell  mar  Cal. 

b.  Dash  vowels,  diphthongs  and  coalescents  are 
placed  across  the  stroke. 

V.        f       ^      -f       _       X 

fall  doll  more         dull         cool  poor 

c.  A  first  or  third  position  diphthong  or  coales- 
cent  sign  may  be  placed  at  the  beginning  or  at  the  end 
of  a  stroke  instead  of  across  it,  if  more  convenient. 

f  f  })  «^-   <*-  — 

toil  tire  queer  quart 


i56 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


144.  The  vowels  a  and  e  sounded  as  in  bare  and 
mere  are  represented  respectively  by  a  and  e.  Vowels 
sounded  as  in  per,  fir,  and  fur  may  all  be  represented 
by  u. 

firm  curb 


term 


145. 
thus: 


The  hook  of  the  H  may  be  widened  to  add 


heel  hill  howl 

Exercise 


7X/1  1   r°X  s 

/   /,„  •>//          _    J       I          \     6e 


/ 


WITH    VOWELS. 


(See  143*. ) 


pier  spilt 

deal  spirit 

cheer  bill 

leer  built 

reel  kill 

meal  guilt 

kneel  mill 


pail 

dell 

par 

parable 

pair 

bell 

park 

parish 

spare 

velvet 

retard 

calumny 

dare 

relish 

dark 

gallery 

scale 

melt 

scar 

garrulous 

rail 

knell 

farm 

valve 

mail 

knelt 

lark 

analysis 

INITIAL    HOOKS 


157 


heel 


hill 


(See  145.) 
hail  Hal 


Halleck 


(See  130.) 
Shelter      filter         larder       martyr      departure 

Note. — In  some  cases  the  vowel  which  is  not  intermediate  is 
preferable. 

rely  realize  detail 

release        immerse  anarchy 

WITHOUT    VOWELS. 


care 

ability 

felt 

marshal 

sharp 

cared 

tell 

philosophy 

sheriff 

remark 

part 

terror 

prevail 

relate 

marvelous 

particle 

direct 

there 

railroad 

regard 

repairs 

carriage 

their 

railway 

engineer 

prepare 

scarcely 

share 

merit 

(78) 

compel 

cal-culate 

Shelf 

march 

postal-card 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 


appear 

i 

appeared 

i 

particular-ly 

Pit  i 

party 

Pit 

department 

D-Prt 

perhaps 

Pr-Ps 

belong 

Bl  i 

telegram 

Tl-Gr 

until 

Tl  3 

deliver-y 

Dl  i 

external 

sTr-Xl 

children 

CHI 

charitable 

CHrt-Bl 

skill 

i 

character 

Kr-K 

characterize 

Kr-Ks 

characteristic  Kr-Ks-K 
feel  i 

fill  .1 

filled  i 


fellow 

Fl 

value 
valuable 
very 

VI  3 
V1-B1  3 
Vr 

therefore 

DHr-F 

merely  i 

remarkable-y  R-Mr-Bl 
near  i 

ordinary  Rd-Xr 

relinquish- 

ment  Rl-XG-SH 


158  INITIAL    HOOKS 

PHRASIXG. 

(toid)  with  regard  (\vR-Grt) 

I  feel  i  in  regard  (Xr-Grt  i) 

I  fail  fellow  citizen  (Fl-sT) 

I  failed  take  care  (T-Kr) 

I  felt  real  estate  (Rls-Tt) 
I  dare  say 

Exercise  106. 

Note. — Be  careful  to  determine  whether  a  vowel  is  interme- 
diate or  not  before  so  writing  it. 

The  children  may  wind  the  thread  on-the  reel  until 
it-is  filled.  Halleck  appears  to  rely  a  good-deal  on-the 
mere  word  of-my  partner.  I-failed  to  get  the  postal-card 
in-regard  to-the  new  scales  for-the  mill  department. 
I-felt  that  each  one  ought-(to)-be  charitable  enough  to 
share  in-the  care  of-his  fellow-citizens.  The  character 
of-the  work  was  such  that-a  laborer  of  only  ordinary 
skill  could  do  it.  I-dare-say  there-were  some  valuable 
books  on-the  shelf  for-which  Gilbert  cared  a  great-deal. 
Take-care  to  hear  what  Mr.  Parker  says  with-regard 
to-the  delivery  of-the  freight  by-the  railroad-company 
in  March.  I-wish  particularly  to-have  Marshall  tell 
what  those  parties  appeared  to  consider  the  real  value 
of-the  Hill  farm.  The  railway-company  will  perhaps 
regard  the  real-estate  as  belonging  to  Phillips.  These 
rails  will  very  nearly  fill-the  car.  They  failed  to  get 
near  enough  to-the  deer  to  kill  any.  There-was  nobody 
at-the  jail  after-the  departure  of-the  sheriff,  excepting  Mr. 
Melville  ;'  therefore  I-was  compelled  merely  to  leave  the 
telegram  with  him.  Dear-sir,  I-feel  very  grateful  to-vou 
for-the  remarkably  good  spirit  which-has  characterized 
your  dealings  with-me.  Dear-madam.  Mallorv  has  re- 
lated to  me  in-his  characteristic  way  the  particulars  of- 


INITIAL    HOOKS  159 

the  cheering  story  of-the  relinquishment  of-the  claim. 
In  external  features  the  house  is  pleasing. 


REVIEW. 


7/-//£<?re-z'.y-anything-said,  tell  them  that  I-clid  hear  a 
great-deal  with-regard  to-the  release  of  Phillips,  the  vil- 
lage miller.  I-feel  that  there-is-nothing  to  say  in-regard 
to-his  conduct,  except  that  he  erred  in  permitting-the 
stock  to-go  at  par.  He-could-not  spare  time  to  travel 
in-the  carriage;  therefore,  thei'e-is-not  any  dortbt  that 
//r-tc'z7/-go  by  rail  in-the  ordinary  way.  I-should-say  the 
cars  must-be  stopped  while  repairs  of-this  character  are 
made  on-the  railroad.  There-are  many  of-our  fellow- 
citizens  tv/io-are  unwilling  to  relinquish  to-the  railway- 
company  so  valuable  a  right  for- a  few  hundred-dollars. 
I-felt  that  it-was  considered  but-a  marvelous  and  extra- 
ordinary tale,  for  it  received  only  partial  credit  among- 
the  listeners.  Let  somebody  mark  particularly  what  Hill 
savs  afout-the  company's  preparing  for-the  sale  of-its 
real-estate  in-the  east,  for  it-must-not-be  misunderstood. 
Perhaps  the  parties  might,  by  persevering,  \>o.-able-to 
verify  their  remarkable  story  z/-z'/-were  less  exaggerated. 
It  surprises  me  that  Jerome  does-not  appear  to  realize 
that  this-is  merely  a  snare  which  he-must  exercise  skill 
to  avoid.  The  people  in-the  hotel  were  pale  with-their 
unspeakable  terror  until  they-saw  that-the  daring  feat 
of-the  fail /i fit/  Parker  would  deliver  them  from-the 
danger  of  perishing.  I-dare-say,  there-is  some  value 
and  merit  in-his  detailed  analysis  of-the  parables,  though 
one  would  scarcely  perceive  it.  I  remarked  that  Miss 
Marshall  appeared  frightened  on  receiving-the  telegram, 
but  she  very  soon  realized  that  it-was  but-a  mere  busi- 
ness notice.  The  parrot  was  scared  by-the  children  ic/io- 
-cerc  near,  and  clung  to-the  bars  on-the  farther  side  of- 
its  cage.  There-was  no  comparison  between-the  filters 
they-were  handling,  and  it  seemed  a  certainty  that  my 
choice  would  prevail.  This  picture  belongs  to-a  depart- 
ment in-the  gallery  of  martyrs,  which-is  at  your  right- 
hand .  I-fail  to  see  how-the  remark  in-refcrencc  to-the 
external  structure  is  calculated  to  cause  anybody  to  mar- 


i6o 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


vel.  Phelps,  the  messenger,  had-a  sharp  'dispute  \vith 
Hal  over  the  loss  of-the  valve.  Deav-JBrot/ier,  there- 
must-be-an  engineer  of  ability  employed  to  direct-the 
building.  The  parcels  and-the  letters  enclosing  bills 
must-be  mailed  immediately.  There-is-no-doubt  that 
Nelson  shared  in-the  guilt  of  spreading  the  calumny. 
The  words  and  manner  of  Garrick  were  characteristic  of 
him,  and  retarded  our  progress  in-the  business.  It  fills 
him  with  surprise  to-be  characterized  as-a  charitable 
worker.  Though  seeming  safe  on  an  external  view, 
\  frankly  own  that-the  measure  is  impracticable. 


LESSON  LV 

Intermediate  Vowe!s — Continued 

Exercise  107. 
(See  143  b  and  c,  and  144-5.) 

\  t  t-  /"-^c.  ^r^\S  f 


f   ~ 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


WITH    VOWELS. 

(See  143$.) 

Paul 
tall 
scald 

Pollock 
apology 
doll 

sport 
bolt 
board 

cull 
dull 
hulk 

spool 
tool 

cool 

corner 
cord 

colony 
colonize 

court 
course 

bulk 
culvert 

school 
foolish 

fall 

column 

fort 

culminate 

rule 

false 
fault 

short 

colleague 
rollicking 
mollify 

fold 
roll 
Moore 

mulch 
pulp 
multiply 

pull 
poor 
full 

(See  14^.) 

firm 

birth 

berth 

curse 

Curtis 

bird 

birch 

nerve 

nurse 

incur 

dirt 
skirt 

term 
fervid 

perch 
merge 

lurk 
purport 

furthest 
Murphy 

(See  i43c.) 

queer 

quilt 
quail 
square 
quell 

quart 

quarter 
quorum 
squire 
require 

tile 
pile 
tire 
mire 
file 

mile 
foil 
boil 
toil 
spoil 

scour 
scowl 

pure 
endure 
immure 

- 

(Sec  145.) 

hall 

holiday 

hull 

Ho  vie 

howl 

(See  130.) 

halter 

mortar 

smoulder 

boulder 

colder 

falter 

border 

folder 

Porter 

murder 

(See  note,  page  157.) 
averse  aver  affirm 

emerge  avert  occur 


TAYLOR — ii. 


162 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


WITHOUT    VOWELS. 

policy            told            cult-ivate 

sure 

terminate 

report            church       courage 

forget 

more 

purpose        George     figures 

forgott-en 

north 

Bald-win     journal      mortgage 

volume 

expert 

Pittsburg      college      purchase 

thermometer 

(i3°) 

personal-ly  virt-uous  form 

Thursday 

further 

Prs-Xl  vercl-ict    conform 

platform 

Shoulder 

ABBREVIATION  AND  POSITION. 

toward             Trt 

security 

sKrt  3 

literature         Lt-Tr 

correctly 

Kr-K  i 

delight             Dlt  i 

incorrect-ly 

X-Kr-K  i 

doctor              Dr  i 

inquire-y 

X-Kr  i 

during             Dr  3 

follow 

Fl 

child                 CHlt  i 

fully 

Fli 

childhood        CHlt-D  i 

former-ly 

Fr-R  i 

JU1T                  Jr  3 

formal-ly 

Fr-L  i 

majority           M-Jrt 

informal-ly 

N-Fr-L  i 

call                    i 

fortune 

Frt  i 

called               i 

fortunate-lv 

Frt  i 

equal-ly        t  eKl  i 

unfortunate-ly  X-Frt  i 

equaled           eKlt  i 

misfortune 

Ms-  Frt  i 

difficult-y        Kl 

assure 

3 

collect             Kl-K  i 

assured 

3 

quality             Kl-T 

displeasure 

Ds-ZHr 

according        i 

shorthand 

SHrt-Xcl 

accurate          Krt  3 

annual 

NI.3 

cure                  Kr  3 

in  order 

Xrd    i 

curious            Krs  3 

nor 

i 

secure              sKr  3 

northwest 

Xr-Wst 

secured            sKrt  3 

minority 

M-Xrt 

INITIAL    HOOKS  163 

PHRASING . 

(toid)  as  a  matter  of  course 
I  called  (sMtr-Krs) 

I  forget  more  (and)  more 

I  assure  (50)  more  (or)  less 

Exercise  108. 

Dr.  Porter  required  Curtis  to  correct  the  terms  of-the 
policy  so-as-to  fully  conform  to-the  rules  of-the  mort- 
gage company.  Toward  fall,  according  to  their  former 
story,  Mr.  Baldwin  started  north  to  St. -Paul,  in-order 
to  collect-a  security  debt.  He-was  more-(and)-more 
anxious  to  terminate  the  difficulty  by  apology  and  avoid 
incurring-the  costs  of-a  formal  suit  in  court.  Fortu- 
nately I-was  more-(or)-less  prepared  for-his  foolish  act, 
for  he-told-me  his  purpose  on  Thursday.  I-Avon't-be- 
sure  whether-the  jury  stayed  out  a  quarter  of-an  hour  or 
more ;  but  during-that-time  my  colleague  secured  the 
papers  and  filed  them.  I  forgot  to  say ,  that  Hoyle 
would  secure  by  purchase  his  childhood  home  near 
Pittsburg.  When  I  called  the  doctor  assured  me  that 
he-could  cure  my  trouble  during  my  stay.  I-was  curi- 
ous to  know  whether  Neal  was  equally  accurate  with 
figures.  I-had  forgotten  to  inquire  whether  his  work 
fully  equaled  that  of-the  best  quality.  As-(a)-matter- 
(of)-course.  the  annual  report  read  in-the  square  is  for 
all  alike.  She-told-me  with  delight  the  same  that  you- 
told-me  of  her  good  fortune  in-the  Northwest.  I-assure- 
you  it-will-be  no  difficult  matter  for-the  child  to  follow- 
the  path  to-the  school-house.  Unfortunately  Mr.  Mur- 
phy's roll  of  members  was  incorrect,  not  being  in-the 
regular  form.  It  was  his  misfortune  that  he-could-not 
write  shorthand ;  nor  had-he  time  to  study  it.  The  ma- 
jority was  large,  and  I  decided  to  offer  no  minority  report. 


164  INITIAL    HOOKS 

REVIEW. 

Paul  should-not  forget  that-the  rumor  is  false,  and 
that  its  force  will  endure  but-a  short-time.  Dorothy 
called  the  history  of-the  Colonies  a  curious  and  interest- 
ing story.  A  short-time-ago  Mr.  Curtis  dictated  a  letter 
in  shorthand  inquiring  as-to-the  form  of-the  mortgage 
and-the  quality  of-the  security.  Lifting-the  great  book 
to-his  shoulder,  the  recorder  retired  toward-the  corner 
of-the  court  room  furthest  from-the  jury.  According  to 
Theodore's  story,  he  piled  Mr.  Moore's  yard  full  of 
boards  and  poles  from-the  smouldering  ruins.  I-assure- 
you  I-had-a  lurking  fear  that-the.  bulk  of-the  work 
was  incorrectly  performed.  Who-told-him  the  correct 
purport  of-the  former  notice  which  appeared  in-the 
columns  of-the  Journal?  The  child  thought  it  great 
sport  to  bolt  the  door  in-order  to  shut  me  out  in-the 
cold.  During-this-time  the  children  were  enjoying  their 
annual  visit  to-the  northwest  woods  for  walnuts,  which 
thev-were  hulling  under-\he  trees.  I-will  collect  the- 
othcr  ingredients  during-the-time  that-the  quart  of  milk 
is  coming  to-a  boiling  heat.  I  assured  him  that  he 
need-not  falter,  as  he-was  but-a  mile  from-the  church, 
which-was  marked  by  tall  trees.  George  used-a  stout 
cord  for-a  halter.  Albert  formerly  had  poor  tools  and 
it-was  difficult  to-do  accurate  work.  The  squire  tried 
to  quell  the  riot  by-a  formal  speech.  I-am-sure  it-is-the 
fault  neither  of  Burke  nor  of-the  nurse,  that  Paul 
has-not  conformed  to-the  rules.  The  pure,  cool,  mur- 
muring stream  was-a  delight  after-\.\\e  turbid  waters 
near-\\\e  ford.  By  following-his  method  I-made-a  cure 
which  fully  equaled  Dr.  Oliver's.  This  shelter  is  pleas- 
ant when-the  mercury  in-the  thermometer  shows  a  zero 
temperature.  Bertha  was  averse  to  accepting-\\\e  terms 
and  firmly  persisted  in  her  studies  of  literature.  The 
bird  was  swinging  on-a  twig  of-the  beautiful  birch 
in-the  yard.  In-accordance  with  George's  request,  I- 
called  at-the  college  hall  to  see  Pollock.  Of-course 
when  you-told-me  what  had  occurred,  I-could-do  noth- 
ing further  toward  buying  those  volumes  for-the  church. 
Fortunately  my  childhood  was  passed  in-a  home  secure 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


i65 


from  harm.  Unfortunately  I-felt  more-(or)-less  dis- 
pleasure on  any  inquiry  about  my  brother' 's  misfortune. 
Whatever  good  fortune  I  secured  seemed  to  bring  an 
equal  displeasure  to-them. 


LESSON  LVI 
In-Hook 

146.  A  small  back  hook  is  used  to  indicate  the  sylla- 
ble /'«,  en  or  un  before  s  in  any  situation  where  an 
N-  stroke  cannot  be  conveniently  written.  The  follow- 
ing are  examples: 

a.  Before  s  with  an  r  hook  — 

V         T 

\  I  d  - 

insPr  insTr  insKr 

b.  Before  s  with  an  1-hook 


insFr 


insPl         insTl  insFl         insKl 

c.    Before  s  with  simple  strokes  — 


insL 


insM  insR  insSH 

Exercise  109. 


f  f 


X" 


1 66  INITIAL    HOOKS 

inspire  inscrutable  unsymmetrical 


unsparing 

insufferable 

unsufmised 

inseparable 

enslave 

unceremonious 

insuperable 

unsolved 

install 

unsupported. 

unsalable 

unsettle 

inscribe 

insoluble 

instilled 

unscrupulous        unsociable  uncivilized 

unscrew  unseemly  unsupplied 

ABBREVIATION    AXD    POSITION. 

unexpressed       in-sPrst  insecure  in-sKr  3 

inexpressible-y  in-sPrs-Bl  insecurity  in-sKrt  3 

unexpressive      5n-sPrs-V  unsecured  in-sKrt  3 

instruct  in-sTr  unskilled  in-sKlt  i 

instructor  in-sTrtr  indescribable  in-sKr-Bl 

inconsiderate     in-sDrt  i  unscriptural  in-sKr-Pt-L 
inconsiderable  in-sDr 

PHRASING. 
In  some  way. 

Exercise  no. 

My  displeasure  was  indescribable,  for  I-had  instructed 
them  not  to  leave  the  papers  in-an  insecure  place.  He- 
said-the  chemical  was  insoluble  in  water.  The  act  in- 
spired the  assembly  with  hope.  We-were  unsupported 
by-the.  officers.  The  fact  that-the  name  inscribed  on-the 
tomb  was  that  of-his  uncle  was  entirely  unsurmised  l>v 
him.  This  duty  is  inseparable  from-the  work  of-my 
department.  Some  of-the  conquered  soldiers  had-the 
•misfortune  to-be  enslaved.  Although  Roberts  calls  the 
property  unsalable,  we-shall-be  unsparing  in-our  efforts 
and  will  dispose  of-it  in-some-way.  He-was  installed 
in-an  unceremonious  manner.  If-you  unscrew  the  piece, 
it-must-not-be  left  unsecured.  Though-the  passengers 


INITIAL    HOOKS  167 

all  felt  their  insecurity,  it-was  unexpressed  by  any  of- 
them.  So  unskilled  a  leader  will-be  no  inconsiderable 
obstacle  to-our  success.  I  fear  the  whole  structure  is 
insecure.  He-has  relinquished  his  faith  as  unscriptural. 
I-felt  inexpressible  pleasure  at  being  received  in-that  in- 
formal way.  Such  tact  is  characteristic  of-a  good  in- 
structor. He-was  unscrupulous  in-his  dealings  with 
uncivilized  peoples.  Fortunately  the  act  may-be  char- 
acterized as  merely  inconsiderate  and  unseemly.  He- 
had-an  unexpressive  face. 

REVIEW. 

The  -passengers  expressed  much  displeasure  at-the 
inconsiderateness  which  increased  their  insecurity-  I- 
could  tell-you  that-the  unsettled  claims  were  all  for  in- 
considerable sums.  I-shall  instruct  them  to-be  faithful 
and  unsparing  in-thcir  efforts  to  secure  a  favorable 
answer  from  Great  Britain^  though-the  obstacles  may- 
be called  insuperable.  The  majority  of-the  workers 
whom  I-met  were  unskilled,  but  fortttnately  they-had- 
an  instructor  at-their  right-hand  who-had  inspiring 
power.  We  felt  insecure  among  those  unscrupulous 
people,  but  I-need-not-say-the  feeling  was  unexpressed 
to  one-another.  The  relinquishment  of -our  rights  will 
leave  us  unsecured.  Richard  probably  considered  it  an 
indescribable  misfortune  to-be  so  largely  unsupported 
by  scriptural  authority.  The  brotherhood  would  vote 
to  install  the  new  officers  immediately,  were-tt-not  so 
late.  I-could-not  indulge  my  intense  longing  to-be 
present,  for  it-was  my  extraordinarily  bad  fortune  to- 
be  a  stranger  and  misapplied  with-a  ticket.  The  news- 
papers frankly  characterize  these  creatures  as  uncivil- 
ized and  unfit  for  liberty.  Strictly  speaking,  the  struc- 
ture is  unsymmetrical,  but-the  owner  will  remonstrate 
if-it-'is  called  unsalable  property-  77/n'-'if?7/-have-the 
liberty  to  study  the  scripture  lesson  informally  and  in 
separate  groups.  He-was  inexpressibly  surprised  when 
assured  that-his  difficulty  was  unsurmised  before-tl  e 


1 68  INITIAL    HOOKS 

telegram  got-there.  It-is-a  characteristic  of-tiae  fatnt/zes 
in-that  neighborhood  to-be  exclusive  and.  unsociable. 
Unfortunately  the  words  inscribed  on-the  ^ride-board 
were  pretty-nearly  erased  and-the  messenger*  being-a 
stranger,  was  in  extreme  danger  of  going  wrong.  He 
appears  to-have  no  insatiable  desire  for  wealth,  but 
values  his  fortune  very  highly  as  supplying  to-him-the 
opportunity  for  practical  charitable  work.  I-was  ex- 
asperated because  I-could-not  unscrew  the  parts,  but 
concluded  that  they-must-be  inseparable.  Faith  in-the 
inscrutable  methods  practiced  in-your  department  over- 
there,  was  instilled  in-the  children  in-some-way  from- 
the  first.  Christopher  "says  crystals  of-this  character 
are  insoluble  -without  heat.  The  doctor  says  he  appears 
to  suffer  more-(and)-more  from  insomnia.  However 
gently  and  charitably  his  _/£//0w-citizens  may  wish  to 
regard  him,  I-dare-say  they  felt  that  he  exhibited  insuf- 
ferable conceit.  The  people  belonging  to-the  unfortu- 
nate district  will  perhaps  favor-ihe  measure.  The 
members  of-our  brotherhood  were  in-the  minority.  The 
property  in-that  district  at-lcast  was  still  unsold  as-late- 
as  December. 


LESSON   LVII 

Wide  Initial  Hooks.     Vowel  Relations 
147.    Widening  an  1-hook  indicates  a  following  ;-  in 
the  same  syllable;   widening  an  r  hook  indicates  a  fol- 
lowing /.      The  names  are  prel,  pier,  etc. 

Note. — Observe  in  the  following  examples  that  the  enlarged 
hook  turns  like  the  f-hook  or  the  1-hook,  according  as  the  r  or  I 
is  sounded  first. 

<\  /1 .  7   c—  °V  0    >  ^  ^ 

Prl     Trl  Cllrl     Krl    Fri  THrl  SIIil   Mr]     Xrl 

\     r    /~>  ^_  ^ 

Plr         Tlr         CHlr     Kir        Fir 


"NITIAI,    HOOKS  169 

WITHOl'T    VOWELS. 

April  astral  clergy  clearly  peculiar 

liberal  tolerable  '  Clarence  burglar  peculiarity 

Blair  Charles        clerk  declare  traveler 

control  clear  Clark  singular  Merrill 

148.    Vowel  relations  with  initial-hook  signs: 

a.  A  vowel  sign  (other  than  a  circle)  is  placed 
before  a  group  sign  if  pronounced  before  all  the  conso- 
nants in  the  group,  thus: 


oval  abler  outer 

b.  A  vowel  sign  (other  than  a  circle)  is  placed 
after  a  group  sign  if  sounded  after  two  consonants,  thus  : 

>       7       — 

throw  drill  growl 

c.  A  vowel  or  diphthong  sign,  or  a  semicircle, 
is  placed  across  or  at  the  beginning  or  end  of  a  stroke, 
or  'a  circle  is  placed  beside  it  if  sounded  after  the  first 
consonant  in  the  group,  thus: 


Paul     curl     pearl       choir      tire       queer      barrel 
149.    Iss  may  be  placed  at  the  beginning  of  a  wide- 
hook  sign,  in  which  situation  it  is  alwavs  read  first,  thus: 

V         - 


spiral        stroll        scrawl 


170 


INITIAL  HOOK:; 
Exercise  n  i . 


WITH    VOWELS. 

(See  148  «,  b,  c.) 

color  curl  blur  girl 

shrill  moral  flare  trial 

Carl  abler  flour  immoral 

barrel  growl  thrill  flourish 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

preliminary         Prl  i  during  all  Drl  3 

parallel  Prl  failure  Fir 

parliament-ary  Prl  3  there  will  DHrl 

explore  sPlr  nor  will  Nrl  i 

Exercise  112. 

The  clerk  was  considered  a  good  scholar.  Parlia- 
ment at-that-time  exercised  no  control  over  the  immoral 
practice  of  gambling.  I-was  present  during-all-the-time 
of-the  trial  of  Charles  Blair.  The  Liberal  party  feels 
tolerably  sure  that  there-will  come  an  opportunity  for- 
the  citizens  soon.  These  flowers  were  gathered  by 
Fowler  while  exploring  his  new  farm.  It-was-a  signifi- 
cant fact  that  Clarence  considered  impracticable  all-the 
preliminary  steps  which  Carl  proposed.  Nothing  but-a 
secular  paper  could-have  published  such-an  editorial  on- 


INITIAL    HOOKS  I'Jl 

the  clergy.  He  considers  this  failure  a  parallel  to-the 
last,  nor-will  he  try  anything  more.  We  felt-a  thrill  of 
joy  at-the  unfurling  of-the  great  flag.  Merrill  thinks  it 
singular  to-have  such  weather  in  April.  Clark  declares 
that  he-would-not-be-a  follower  of-that  peculiar  sect. 
The  burglar  was  frightened  by-the  shrill  W7histle.  The 
old  settlers  remember  the  days  of  territorial  rule.  The 
colors  in-the  spray  were  beautiful,  but  I-could-not  spare 
time  to  watch  them  longer.  I-felt  sure  we-had-the  abler 
attorney  of-the  two. 

REVIEW. 

Sickler  could-have  gotten  the  birds  into-the  snare 
sooner  if  he-had  h ad-it  situated  at-a  greater  height. 
The  peddler  had-a  piece  of  coral  that  looked  like-a 
flower.  They  furled  their  banners  and  stepped  into- 
the  frail  bark,  which  seemed  ready  to  break  with-their 
weight.  I-tricd  to  inspect-\\\c  work,  but  was  too  tired. 
Charles  held  the  dog  by-his  collar,  but-his  growling 
frightened  the  little  girls.  Miss  Baird  agreed  to  select- 
the  gilt  braid.  The  page  was  blurred  and-the  corners 
curled  up  so-that-the  signature  was  dimmed.  Pray 
give-me  some  of-vour  pears.  Floyd's  feebler  effort  was 
foiled  by-the  act  of  Field.  Coal  makes-a  glowing  fire. 
His  popular  lecture  on  moral  science  zW<?-be  pt(blishcd 
iii-onr  paper.  The  corporal  watched-the  enemy's  with- 
drawal by-the  light  of  flaring  torches.  It-was  clear  that- 
the  travelers  were  in  search  of  mineral  wealth.  This 
cruel  heat  is-a  peculiarity  of  equatorial  latitudes.  The 
drawing  on-the  scroll  is  clearly  a  portrayal  of  rural 
pleasures.  The  spiral  stairway  leads  up  to-a  small 
cobbler's  and  saddler's  shop.  I  proposed  to  my  em- 
ployer the  nobler  course,  but  he  thought  it  impractica- 
ble. There-will-be  some  preliminary  steps  needed  and 
care  must-be  exercised  in-ordcr  to  avoid  betrayal  and 
failure.  I-say  frankly  that-the  measure  is-not  practi- 
cable, nor-will  it  meet  with  public  favor.  During-all- 
that-time  they-were  prowling  about  as-if  exploring-the 
coast.  One  of-the  citizens  was  frank  enough  to  admit 


172 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


it  a  parallel  case.  The  juggler  knows  nothing  of  par- 
liamentary law.  He  considers  honest  dealing  worthy 
of  reward.  They-were  on-the  trail  of-the  squirrels.  The 
secretary-(oj ')-ivar  says  this  step  is-not  only  practicable 
but  necessary  for-the  public  good.  Use-a.  crock,  since- 
the  bottle  has  no  cork.  The  birds  were  picking  up 
crumbs  on-the  curb,  but  when-the  noise  of-the  riling 
commenced  they  flew  away.  He-made-a  frank  avowal 
of-his  views  to-the  secretary -(of '  )-state.  We  Jeel  un- 
settled in-this  unsociable  neighborhood. 


LESSON-  LVIII 
Use  of  Strokes  and  Hooks  for  L  and  R 

Exercise  113. 
(See  96.) 


I 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


173 


(See  96, 
pale,  pillow 
bell,  below 
bore,  borrow 
tall,  tally 
tear,  tarry 
doll,  Dolly 
door,  Dora 
saddle,  sadly 
par,  power  (3) 
tar.  tower 
toll,  towel 
treat,  treaty 
fault,  faulty 


Place  vowels 
chair,  cherry 
chill,  chilly 
jar,  Jerry 
Cole,  Kelly 
car,  carry 
gale,  gaily 
fail,  folly 
vale,  valley 
dull,  dial 
jail,  jewel 
vile,  vial 
failed,  valid 
flood,  fluid 


as  needed.) 
civil,  safely 
lure,  Laura 
slur,  salary 
rail,  rally 
mill,  mellow 
Mpore,  Mary 
kneel,  Nellie 
hill,  hollow 
lore,  lower 
rule,  royal 
howl,  Howell 
flowered,  Florida 
afraid,  Friday 


i^o.  All  the  consonants  in  such  words  as  flower, 
trial,  collar,  barrel,  etc.;  can  be  represented  in  one 
group-sign,  because  the  two  syllables  can  be  almost 
merged  into  one.  Other  words,  however,  may  require 
a  stroke  for  the  r  or  /. 


pearl,  pearly  curl,  curly 

trial,  truly  glare,  gl°ry 

Charles.  Charley  flower,  flowery 

Clare,  Clara  failure,  flurry 

collar,  colliery  flour.  Flora 


frail,  freely 
thrill,  thoroughly 
moral,  morally 
gnarl,  nearly 


Exercise  114, 

I  heard-the  bell  ring  repeatedly  in-the  room  below. 
Dora  came  to-the  door  to  inform  us  of-their  departure. 
It-was  hard  to  tear  myself  away,  but  I-could-not  tarry 
longer.  I-must-say  good-bye,  for  I-must-not  miss  the 
car  which  shoidd  carry  me  home.  They-were  talking 
gaily,  ignoring-the  rising  gale.  The  snow  commenced 
to  fall  and  we-knew  it-was  folly  to  go  farther.  They 


174  INITIAL    HOOKS 

live  in-a  beautiful  valley  called  Spring  Vale.  Nellie 
\vas  kneeling  on-the  grass  gathering-the  cherries  into-a 
jar.  I-know  Riley  does-not  exaggerate  in  saying  that 
everything  was  conformable  to  rule.  The  face  was 
nearly  as  pale  as-the  white  pillow.  There-are  some 
mellow  apples  at-the  cider  mill.  Is-there  no  method 
whereby  Laura  may-be  lured  into  this  work?  They 
failed  to  show  that-the  sale  was  valid.  Though  my 
speech  is  faulty  and  needs  reform,  the  fault  is-not  that- 
I  use  exaggeratory  language.  No  treaty  was  made,  for 
Great  Britain  refused  to  treat  with-them  at-all.  They 
sent  me  from  Florida  some  flowers  of-the  magnolia. 

REVIEW. 

Truly  I-want  nothing  but  that-the  trial  shall  establish 
my  innocence,  and  I-know  it-will.  Augustus  must-not 
cast  slurs  at-his  brother  for  .receiving-a  low  salary  as 
book-keeper.  I-should-not  like  to  pay  Cole  the  hundred- 
dollars  and  exclude  Kelly  entirelv.  I-presume  he-went- 
there  to  borrow  an  auger  \\  ith-which  to  bore  the  hole. 
//^zY-is.-a  dull  day  the  handsome  dial  must-be  idle.  I- 
trust  that  history  has  established  conclusively  the  practi- 
cal value  of-the  Jirst  quarter  of-thnt  century.  Mr.  Bell 
and  his  brother  must-not  offer  the  stock  below  par, 
unless  power  is  given  by-their  board-(of)-directors. 
They-are  afraid  Charlev  will-be  hastening  hither-(and)- 
thither  on  Friday  applying  to-all  influential  people  for 
aid.  If-tkere-\\e\-e  time  they-woulcl  have-thcir  me- 
chanical engineer  do-the  work  properly  in  erery  detail. 
George  went-there  to  see  tvh ether  the  family  could 
make  him  at  all  useful  in-their  present  extremity. 
Shall-their  trunks  and  such-other  baggage  as-they  may 
bring  be  delivered  to-us?  Are-there  any  problems  in 
geometry  still  unsolved?  The  rule  is  expressly  applica- 
ble to-us.  and  is  obligatory  on  all  other  passengers.  It- 
is  agreed  b\-all  that  of-all  who-iuill  come  //^-7t'z7/-l>e- 
the  most  infoicntial  throughout-fat  term.  Though 
they-are  very  exasperating,  we-are  unable  to  renion- 


INITIAL    HOOKS 


175 


strate.  Otherwise  we  should  take-care  that  everybody 
should  know  of-our  feelings  with-regard  to  their  con- 
duct. Was-there  anybody  passing  along-there  at-the- 
time  who-could-be  chargeable  with  circulating  these 
dangerous  papers  ?  This-is-a  charge -wh ich-will  perhaps 
seem  applicable  to-the  new  instructor*  but  he-~ivill-\)e 
capable  of  quickly  clearing  himself.  The  newspapers 
will,  as-(a)-matter-(of)-course  publish  an  appropriate 
notice  of-the  failure.  I-would-not  leave  if  somebody 
would  go  for-their  cousin.  I-did  no  good  by  leaving- 
the  established  road  for-the  left-hand  path.  Such  acts 
have-a  deforming  i)ijiiicnce  on  character. 


LESSON  LIX 
Conflicting  Words 


Note. — Distinguish  by  vowels, 
careful  writing. 

please,  place 
plate,  blade,  belt,  bolt 
apply,  appeal 
poor,  pure 
separate,  spread 
purpose,  propose 
approach,  broach 
Parker,  Barker 
Prussia,  Persia 
prosecutor,  persecutor 
apology,  pledge 
oblige,  pledge 
premises,  promises 
symbol,  sample 
unable,  enabled 
noble,  notable 


position,  length,  outline,  or 

member,  number, 

party 

labored,  elaborate 
Bartley,  Barlow 
dare,  try 
tired,  tried 
director,  directory 
car,  cart 

model,  medal,  metal 
secret,  sacred 
unscrewed,  unsecured 
greatly,  gradually, 

accurately  3 
migrate,  emigrate, 

immigrate 
legal,  illegal,  local 


176  INITIAL    HOOKS 

flow,  float  sure,  assured 

follow,  flow  wear,  rule 

firm,  farm  onljj  °ne 

frame,  form  once,  unless 

over,  from,  through  hill,  hilly 

offer,  order,  favor  inevitable,  unavoidable 

vale,  valley  unsalable,  insoluble 

either,  their,  other  valuable,  available 

Exercise  iij. 

This-is-the  one  way  in-which  my  persecutor  would 
dare  to  broach  the  subject.  You-may-be  enabled  to 
place  the  whole  emigrating  party  well.  He-says  they 
purpose  putting  in  new  belts  over  the  whole  mill.  They 
float  the  produce  onrthis  stream,  which  flows  along-a 
fertile  valley  from-the  hilly  .district.  I-was  pledged  to 
help  prepare  an  elaborate  record  of-the  notable  doings 
of  other  members.  The  figure  stamped  on-the  medal 
was-a  symbol  of-the  society's  work.  I-was  assured 
that-the  proposed  step  of-the  directory  was  illegal. 
Bartley  says  the  ingredients  are  pure,  but-the  product 
is-not  insoluble.  I  propose  to  sell  you  the  carts  and 
other  property  on-these  premises,  for  attempting  to  hold 
them  for-the  farm  has  tried  me  beyond  measure.  He 
keeps  the  sacred  records  in-a  secret  box,  the  lid  of 
which  is  never  unsecured.  You-should  spread  the  roots 
well  and-the  growth  will-be  gradually  improved.  I- 
shall-be  unable,  without  this  apology,  to  please  either 
party  in-'our  only  local  society.  The  steel  blades  are 
bolted  to  metal  plates  which  exactly  fit  the  frame  made 
for-them.  This-is-a  sample  of-the  industry  of-a  people 
who-are  obliged  to  proceed  by  slow  and  labored  steps. 
This  director  regards  it  as  inevitable  that-such  results 
should  follow  from  such  causes.  Unless  they  undertake 


INITIAL    HOOKS  1^7 

to  rule  us  out,  there-is-no  need  to  appeal  to  higher 
authority.  Your  favor  is  received  and  your  hints  will 
be  accurately  carried  out  by  Barker  in  Prussia.  Are- 
there  any  available  assets? 

Exercise  116. 

MISCELLANEOUS   WORDS. 

Plume,  plague,  blemish,  blithe,  bleach,  clothe,  clutch, 
click,  acclaim,  glossy,  effluvia,  flatness,  topple,  chuckle, 
petal,  pebble,  bubble,  meddle,  arable,  auroral,  swivel, 
ripple,  nibble,  cobble,  hobble,  cudgel,  gable,  splash, 
cycle,  classical,  fusible. 

Ochre,  ether,  broth,  breezy,  droop,  dream,  drawer, 
creep,  crazy,  crouch,  crush,  creek,  grip,  groom,  grotto, 
friar,  frog,  pauper,  vapor,  taper,  robber,  copper,  ultra, 
entry,  butcher,  voyager,  lodger,  richer,  swagger,  fissure. 

Cradle,  clever,  inebriate,  enamor,  clamor,  entreat, 
crackle,  stouter,  strata,  streak,  scrape,  scrub,  creator, 
tremor,  bleacher,  blacker,  flattery,  triple,  grapple,  lever, 
Shiver,  armour,  tenor,  crucible,  bridle. 

Pier,  bier,  bear,  char,  ajar,  gear,  sheer,  nail,  Italic, 
deluge,  relic,  tillage,  bailiff,  film,  vilify,  vellum,  hillock, 
valiant,  barley,  amalgamate,  philosopher,  felicity,  gar- 
ner, charger,  germ,  jerk,  parsimony,  pioneer,  shark, 
verbal,  carcass,  Jericho,  Jeremiah,  parish. 

Jollity,  mollusk,  pore,  pool,  bore,  Burr,  attire,  tour, 
adore,  chore,  cowl,  core,  coarse,  fowl,  pulp,  bulb,  mile- 
age, hulk,  purple,  falsity,  forge,  forgery,  lurch,  nullify, 
nullity,  normal,  recourse,  recur,  accordian,  conjure, 
qualify,  Turk,  turmoil. 

Unspilt,  unsepulchered,  ensphere,  unsullied,  insalu- 
brious, unsolder,  insatiate. 

TAYLOR— 12. 


178  INITIAL    HOOKS 

Apparel,  sprawl,  broil,  sidereal,  crawl,  gruel,  filler, 
thrall,  fiddler,  buckler,  embroil,  unsecularize. 

Colorado,  Delaware,  Georgia,  Birmingham  (92), 
San  Francisco  (sN-Frss-K),  Springfield,  Louisville, 
Baltimore,  Detroit,  Kalamazoo,  Columbus,  Harrisburg. 
Nashville,  Milwaukee. 

REVIEW. 

Are-there  any  explicit  orders  to-be  circulated  diiring- 
that-time?  They  describe  the  exercises  held  over-there 
as  extremely  appropriate.  Perhaps  they -veil I  deliver- 
the  telegram  to  somebody  belonging  to  our  partv.  par- 
ticularly as-the  proper  owner  has-not  yet  appeared. 
Shall-their  quit-claim  deeds  be  kept  in-a  separate  box 
until-\he  annual  report  is  made?  The  geometry  lesson 
was  still  harder  to-day.  T\\ey-\\\\\  foreclose  quickly  if- 
an  unfavorable  answer  is  sent  to  Mr.  Curtis.  I-fail  to 
see  anything  remarkable  in  the  fellow.  We  secured  a 
favorable  verdict  from-\\\e  jury,  or  at  anv-rate  one 
which-is  acceptable  in  part.  A  number  of  people  were 
attracted  by-the  cries  of-the  wild  creature.  Iti-all- 
probability  he-will-he,  asked  to  name  cither  the  sccre- 
tarv- (of) -state  or  the  secretary -(of) -war.  Everywhere- 
else  the  prospect  for  fruit  is  unfavorable.  Through-^. 
massacre  our  interests  were  endangered,  as  described 
in-my  former  letter.  In-reply  to  the  inquiry  of-the 
instructor,  the  war  was  incorrectly  ascribed  to  causes 
arising  in  the  latter  part  of-the  preceding  century. 
They-will-be  incapable  of  stemming  the  dangerous  tide. 
They  agree  that  foreclosure  on-the  real-estate  may 
endanger  the  securities  of-those  who-are  interested 
equally  with-us  in-the  northwest.  Are  there  any  me- 
chanical workers  capable  of  handling  the  external  parts 
of-the  work  properly?  \-remembcred  that  they  applied 
to-the  minister  for- a  number  of  scriptural  texts  in  respect 
to-that  and  such-other  topics  as-the  doctor  had  named. 
The  initials  of  names  should-be  capital  letters.  \Yith 
unspeakable  pleasure  we-saw  the  assembly  grow  larger 
and  larger,  quickly  increasing  until-the  room 


INITIAL    HOOKS  I  79 

I-\vas  thankful  to-all  \\ho-had  remembered  me  in  so 
considerate  a  \vav.  \-assnre  you  that-the  contract  is 
identical  with  one  in-regard  to  unsecured  claims, 
wkich-vrill-\>i  agreed  to  by-all.  It-is  improbable  that 
they-will-be  considerate  enough  to  give  us  an  exclusive 
right. 


FINAL  HOOKS 

LESSONS  LX— LXXVI 


181 


LESSON    LX 
N-Hook 

151.  For  n  (alone  or  followed  by  other  consonants) 
at  the  end  of  a  syllable  containing  a  stroke  consonant,  a 
small  hook  is  turned  opposite  the  circle-side  on  straight 
strokes,  or  inside  on  curves.  The  n-hook  is  indicated 
In-  n. 

\    J  /  _,    V    C        )      J 

Pn(pen)    Tn    CHn    Gn          Fn          DHn          Sn  SHn 


Ln         Mn  Nn       Rn  (ren)    Rn  (arn)     Wn          Hn 

152.  With  the   n-hook  signs,  vowels  are  written  as 
with  other  signs.      The  n  is  sounded  last. 

153.  With  a  final-hook  sign,  the  ing-dot  is  placed  on 
a  line  with  the  direction  of  the  stroke,  and  not  at  the  end 
of  the  hook. 


pining          running  gaining          earning  his 

154.    An  n-hook  sign  may  begin  with  a  brief  sign  or 
a  hook. 


... 


spin  heaven         woven       plain         screen         cistern 
183 


184 


FINAL    HOOKS 

Exercise  117, 


\  \x\v\  x-xv\.- 

.-.r-r  HLr-.r 

-vv 

l-t  % 

x^^rt  i 

-  1  & 

*}^r 

>^_^  . 

,        , 

r  —  5  ^  _?  / 

<^S 

s''  \> 

s"  v"  "^J\ 

~N-  "~X  >S.  ^  ^\ 

=>.  °^\    °^ 

\ 

\/,/ 

'}     j 

WITHOUT    VOWELS. 

upon 

assign 

concern 

learn 

wooden 

been 

comm-ission  sustain 

strain 

wagon 

contain 

run 

Stephen 

screen 

woven 

June 

earn 

stolen 

heaven 

woolen 

can 

none 

stern 

Helen 

worn 

again 

Spain 

plan 

human 

warn 

fine 

stone 

flown 

horn 

Warren 

then 

summon          million 

weapon 

sworn 

WITH    VOWELS. 

open 

often 

mean 

saloon 

(142) 

Dan 

thin 

noon 

serene 

torn 

John 

zone 

known 

swain 

scorn 

Jane 

ocean 

rain 

blown 

fern 

join 

line 

iron  (36) 

brain 

fallen 

cane 

Ellen 

hone 

train 

born 

gain 

Allen 

stain 

frown 

barn 

FINAL     HOOKS 


ABBREVIATION 

AND    POSITION. 

happen 

Pn  3 

southern 

sDHn  3 

spoken 

sPn 

mine 

i 

attain 

Tn3 

men 

i 

town 

Tn3 

women 

i 

at  length 

Tin  3 

woman 

2 

down 

Dn3 

morning 

Mrn 

doctrine 

Trn  i 

opinion 

Nn  i 

religion 

Jn  i 

union 

Nh  3 

general-ly 

Jn 

sanguine 

sNGns 

junior 

Jn  3 

workman 

wRn 

adjourn 

Jrn 

workmen 

wRen 

question 

Kn 

we  mean 

i 

organ 

Gn  i 

explain 

sPln 

begin 

Gn  i 

explanation 

sPln 

begun 

Gnz 

to  have  been 

Bn3 

began 

Gn3 

denominate-  ion 

Dn  i 

furnish 

Frn 

delinquent 

Din    i 

furniture 

Frn 

Christian-ity 

Krn  i 

even 

i 

examine 

sMn  3 

within 

DHn  i 

examination 

sMn  3 

than 

3 

may  have  been 

MPn 

has  been 
as  has  been 


PHRASING. 

has  it  been 
has  there  been 


they  may  have  been 
(DH-MPn) 


155.    Wherever   convenient,   the  n-hook   is   used  for 
not,  o-jon,  than,  and  one,  as  in  the  following  phrases: 


did  not 

is  he  not 

who  were  not  3 

it  had  not 

(129) 

her  own 

had  it  not 

he  will  not 

my  own 

or  not 

who  will  not 

your  own 

ought  not 

who  are  not 

our  own 

1 86  FINAL     HOOKS 


their  own 
by  our  own 
of  our  own 
to  our  own 

more  than 
other  than 
larger  than 
any  one 

no  one 
some  one 
every  one 
whether  (or)  not 

Exercise  1 18. 

John  Allen,  Jr.,  often  wished  his  father  to  assign  him- 
the  property,  but  did-not  feel  sanguine  of  attaining-his 
object  within-the  year.  We-can  join  you  at  your-own 
Union  rooms  at  noon.  As-has-been  shown,  Warren 
and  Horn,  two  of-our-own  workmen,  will  begin  com- 
plaining of  any  plan  not  their-own.  You  ought-not  to 
say  more-than  you-mean  or  scorn  the  opinion  of  any- 
one known  to-be  so  wise.  According  to-the  report  of- 
the  examination  by-our-own  men,  the  car  has-been  run- 
ning upon-the  track  again.  Xo-one  can  tell  whether- 
(or)-not  it-had-not  seemed  best  for  some-one  other-than 
our-own  leader  to  move  to  adjourn.  Dan  has-gone- 
down  to  open  the  office,  but  he-will-not  be  in  town 
long.  Helen  left  none  of  her-own  furniture,  not  even- 
the  organ.  The  question  of-the  saloon  will-be  spoken  of 
to-our-own  members  at-length.  Swain,  the  main  work- 
man, can  explain  why  a  chain  with-an  iron  pin  has-been 
furnished.  Mr.  Green  then  had  my-own  witness  sworn 
and  began  to  examine  him  on-his  former  explanation. 
Jane  thinks-the  writing  may-(have)-been  larger-than 
mine.  They-are  men  who-are-not  unwilling  to  sustain  a 
good  work  and  who-will-not  refuse  our  request.  Had- 
it-not  seemed  to-the  woman  a  warning  frown,  she  would- 
have  felt  less  concern.  We-mean  that  you-can  explain- 
the  doctrine  as-well-as  he-can.  Has-it-been  so  long, 
and  has-there-been  no  letter  from  Spain  yet?  Is-he-not 
praising  what  Stephen  has-done  in  draining-his  corn 
field?  It-may  happen  that  every-one  will  claim  to- 


FIXAL     HOOKS  1 67 

(have)-been  studying.  The  southern  taxes  are  delin- 
quent. The  women  said  they-had  generally  begun  work 
earlier  in-the  morning  than  seven.  To  what  Christian 
denomination  or  other  religion  does  she  belong? 

REVIEW. 

J-fas-it-been  long  since  Frank  was  heard  from,  or 
h a s-t 'here-been  a  message  saying  he- will-not  go  to-our- 
own  farm?  Warren  dicl-not  mean  that  every-one  had 
begun  denominate  numbers  under  this  instructor.  Be- 
fore dawn  some-one  left  in-the  lane  the  identical  box 
icith-my  initials,  containing-the  quit-claim  deeds  and 
such-other  papers  as-were  stolen  at-(the)-same-time. 
They-were  inconsiderate,  for-the  child  had  merely  fallen 
and  torn  her  clean  apron.  I-assure-you  I-mean  to  cut 
down  that  thorn  tree  and  that  pine  in-order  to  get 
more  light  from-the  northwest.  The  moon  shone  upon- 
the  plain,  and  we-could  follcnv-\\\e  path  accnratclv. 
Unskilled  workmen  collected  the  stone  and  filled-the 
wagon  in-which  it-was  drawn  to-the  train.  All  grain 
of-the  quality  grown  in-the  central  field  will-be  stored 
in-the  barn  as-a  preliminary  step.  I-could-not-say 
whether  any  of-the  fello~vs  who  applied  were  good 
workmen  or-not,  and  I-was  making  explicit  inquiries. 
Irene  is  inexpressibly  delighted,  and  is  sanguine  in-the 
hope  of  beginning  lessons  on-the  organ  toward  June. 
Your  opinion  of-the  furniture  shown  us  this  morning 
is-the  same  as  mine;  in  other-words  it-is  conclusive 
that  it-v> ill-be  secured  as-(a)-matter-(of  )-course.  They- 
have  clone  well,  but  it-is  improbable  that  thcv-vcill 
attain-the  object  alone ;  therefore  I-feel  called  upon  to 
give  them  more-(or)-less  assistance.  Stephen  began 
to  learn  some  texts  of  scripture  and-a  fine  poem.  The 
man  may-(have)-been  thrown  from-the  train  as-the 
speed  increased.  The  men  have  already  spoken  at- 
length  on-that  question  and  in  words  -vhich-are  expres- 
sive of-our  opinion.  The  junior  member  can  explain 
everything  to-the  workmen  if  any-one  can.  Every-one 
in-the  union  is  serene  since  this  sudden  turn  in  our 
affairs.  See  whether- (or)-not  you-will-be-able  at-length 


1 88  FINAL     HOOKS 

to  furnish  a  list  of-my  delinquent  taxes  as-well-as  your- 
own.  Had-it-not  been  for-your  summoning-the  \voman, 
her-own  duty  would-have  brought  her.  Upon  examina- 
tion the  general  5s-said  (to-have)-been  willing  to  adopt 
the  plan.  We-mean  to  employ  the  women  within-a 
week  if-\ve-can.  He-will- not  have  time  to  see-the  ocean 
unless  the  meeting  in-the  town  should  happen  to  adjourn 
early.  Religion  is  even  claimed  (to-have)-been-the 
cause  of  many  wars.  No  explanation  of-the  drowning 
other-than  this  seems- (to-hav-e)-been  possible.  Is-he- 
not  likely  to-do  more-than  that  for-the  sake  of  human 
brotherhood  alone?  No-one  need  mourn  that  it-had-not 
been  known  before.  Our-own  opinion  on-the  doctrine 
must-be  more  correct  than  that  of  persons  who-are-not 
interested.  My-own  trunk  is  larger-than  any  that-are 
offered.  This-is-a  man  who- will-not  refuse  what  every- 
one in-a  Christian  community  expects.  The  offer  of-the 
southern  members  ought-not  to-be  neglected.  Simon 
had  used-the  pen  little  and  could-not  earn  his  living  in- 
that  line  of  work.  By  combining  with  them  the  men 
hope  to  gain  a  commission.  The  wind  may-(have)- 
been  too-much  strain  for-the  worn  posts. 


LESSON  LXI 

N-Hook  with  Circle  and  Loop 

156.  On  straight  strokes  an  n-hook  may  be  closed  to 
form  a  circle  or  loop,  thus: 

\        J-        ^         -^        \ 

pens         tenses          Kansas  against         punster 

157.  Iss  joined  to  an  n-hook  on  curves  must  be  writ- 
ten within  the  hook,  thus:     \^  fans.    (See  139.) 

1^8.    Ses,  steh  and  ster  cannot  be  written  within  the 


FINAL     HOOKS 


l89 


n-hook;  therefore,  where  any  form  of  a  word  requires 
the  n-stroke,  the  simple  form  is  usually  written  with  the 
stroke:  announce,  X-Xs  ;  not  Xns. 

Exercise  ng. 


J-IJ 


^Q 


j?  N — ^  j? 


(156) 

skeins 

rinsed 

silence 

(^58) 

suspense 

rains 

canister 

means 

fences 

plans 

dances 

(157) 

mines 

offensive 

tense 

chances 

vines 

immense 

convinces 

sustains 

Kansas 

thence 

Stearns 

conveyance' 

strains 

condensed 

shines 

sufferance 

announces 

saddens 

against 

lines 

thrones 

announced 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 


happens 

happiness 

expense 

expensive 

compliance 

appliance 

appliances 

explains 

appearance 

appearances 


Pns3 
Pns  3 
sPns 
sPns 
Pins  i 
Pins  3 
Plnss  3 
sPlns 
Prns  i 
Prnss  i 


principal-ly 

principle 

principles 

experience 

experiences 

experienced 

inexperienced 

balance 

remembrance 

at  once 


Prns 

Prns 

Prnss 

sPrns 

sPrnss 

sPrnst 

in-sPrnst 

Bins 

Brns 

Tns  3 


190  FINAL    HOOKS 

extensive  sTns  generalize  Jns 

circumstance  sTns  3  occurrence  Krns  i 

circumstances  sTnss  3  consequence  sKns  i 

audience  aDns  consequences  sKnss  i 

downstairs  Dnstrs  3  organize  Gns  i 

deliverance  Dins  i  organized  Gnst  i 

Exercise  120. 

Without  organized  effort,  the  chances  are  against 
success.  Horn  turns  all  sorts  of  circumstances  to  good 
use.  Compliance  with-your  wishes  is-a  happiness  to 
me.  We-shall  combine  and  organize  our  forces  for 
extensive  work.  I  chanced  to  relate-the  circumstance 
and  he-said  it-was-a  deliverance  from  possible  bad  con- 
sequences. He  explains  the  principle  of-the  appliance 
from -his  experience  as-a  workman.  Dr.  Jones  went 
at-once  to  Union  City  and  thence  to  Kansas.  The  fog 
was  dense  and  we-were  inexperienced  in-the  modes  of 
travel.  The  rains  have  delayed  the  laying  of-the  gas 
mains.  She  washed  and  rinsed  the  canisters  well. 
Simon  was  experienced  in-the  use  of-the  balances  and 
other  appliances.  He  experiences  little  difficulty  in 
carrying  out  his  plans.  I-am  convinced  that  under- 
(the)-circnmstances  this  means  of  conveyance  is  too 
expensive.  From  appearances,  the  expense  of  fencing 
is  hindering-the  work.  Those  strains  of  music  call  to 
remembrance  early  days.  The  principles  he  announces 
oughf-not  to  cause  any  offense.  I  glanced  over  the 
principal  headings  in-my  notes.  He  generalizes,  avoid- 
ing details  and  particulars.  I  chanced  to  enter-the  same 
conveyance  with  Stearns.  It  often  happens  that  he 
shuns  Swain  and  warns  me  to-do-so. 


FINAL    HOOKS 


Vance  scorns  to  stop  his  suspense  by-such  means ;  in- 
other-words  ^t'-tc-z'/Abe  frank  with-them  in-this  as  in 
everything-else.  This  occurrence  in-the  District-of- 
Golumbia  improves  things  and  opens  a  way  to  larger 
gains.  In  silence  they  read  the  lines  expressive  of-your 
sympathy.  Voices  in-the  audience  drown  the  tones  of- 
the  speaker  to-a  greater-(or)-less  degree.  She  means 
that  it-is-not  impracticable  to  put  vines  where  the  sun 
shines  so  hot.  With  delight  the  child  watched  how-the 
light  danced  among-the  dew-drops  on-the  grass.  Every- 
body frankly  admits  that  Evans  has  made-an  immense 
improvement  in-this  appliance.  The  past  tense  of-the 
word  "experience"  is  shown  by-a  loop.  Jones  explains 
that-a  quicker  deliverance  will-be  secured  as-a  conse- 
quence of-this  step.  A  society  was  formally  organized 
in-the  audience  at-once.  The  security  of  some  thrones 
is  in-the  sufferance  of-the  people.  I-call  Mr.  Jones's 
brother  an  experienced  -workman.  Mr.  Crane's  opinion 
on-the  occurrence  was  condensed  into-a  word,  as- 
/ias-keen  shown.  Here  and  everywhere  he  shuns  all 
reference  to-those  circumstances-  It  happens  that-the 
prospect  of-a  meeting  of  principals  will  hinder  my 
compliance  with-your  request.  Otherwise  I-assure-you 
I-should  come  down  without  question.  Judging  by. 
appearances  he-was  inexperienced  in-the  principles  of- 
this  appliance.  Stephen's  experience  in  organizing  has- 
been  extensive;  therefore  \\\§  skill  \s  more-than  ordinary. 
Being-a  man  of  principle  and  having  had  experience, 
he-can  generalize  as  to-\\\c  probable  consequences  of 
holding  such  opinions.  Stearns  to-dav  pays  the  balance 
due  and  attains  his  object  of  securing  himself  against 
forcclosrire.  This  circumstance  saddens  us  in  no 
ordinary  degree,  for  it  concerns  the  General's  welfare. 
This  explains  the  man's  sudden  appearance  and  his 
changeable  views  with-regard  to-the  question.  We- 
h.ive-the  happiness  to  know  that-such  occurrences  in- 
thc  mir.es  chargeable  to  unskilled  employees  are  more- 
(and)-niore  rare.  They  expressly  agree  that  no  ques- 
ti  .us  >hal!-')e  asked  as-to  expense  z/«/z7-the  work  is 


192 


FINAL    HOOKS 


organized  m-the  larger  towns.  The  piece  is  rather 
expensive,  containing-a  great-many  skeins  of  fine.  silk. 
He  sustains  his  charitable  work  by-his-own  labor. 
Norman  says-the  meeting  adjourns  at  nine.  He  an- 
nounced that-the  case  would-be  compromised  by-the 
conveyance  of-the  farm.  His  pleasant  voice  convinces 
us  that  he-has-no  offensive  words  to  speak.  My  re- 
membrance is  that  it-was-a  consequence  of-your  sudden 
appearance. 


LESSON   LXII 

N-Hcok  Signs  Following  Other  Strokes 
Exercise  121. 


Reuben 

burden 

Griffin 

Huron 

obedience 

Tribune 

Jordon 

Calvin 

discern 

substance 

obtain 

engine 

strengthen 

vet-era  n 

com-pe-tence 

detain 

Lincoln 

machine 

mod-ern 

eloquence 

Boston 

slacken 

Julian 

patt-ern 

(78) 

straighten 

decline 

remain 

ret-urn 

postman 

Fulton 

regain 

drayman 

(156) 

postpone 

Norton 

Josephine 

Eastman 

instance 

mistaken 

FINAL    HOOKS 


193 


ABBREVIATION 

AND    POSITION. 

captain 

K-Pn 

republican 

R-P-Bn 

substantial-ly 

sB-sTn 

Franklin 

Fr-Kln  3 

Hamilton 

aMl-Tn 

northern 

Nr-DHn 

Washington 

SH-NG-Tn 

lengthen 

NG-THn  3 

determine 

D-Trn 

outline 

3 

expediency 

sP-Dn 

forenoon 

Fo-Nn 

negligence 

N-Gns 

afternoon 

Ft-Nn 

intelligence 

Nt-Jns 

western 

Ws-Rn 

indulgence 

Nd-ujns 

southwestern 

sWs-Rn 

quicken 

i 

southeastern 

sTH-sRn  3 

unquestioning  N-Kn. 


PHRASING. 


easier  than 
any  more  than 
lower  than 


(See  155). 

earlier  than 
nearer  than 
slower  than 


smaller  than 

better  than 

for  instance  F-sTns 


159.    With  the  large  semi-circle,  a  final  hook  may  be 

G 

turned  inside  for  not,  thus :  we  were  not. 


we  would  not 
were  we  not 
what  would  not 


would  we  not 
were  you  not 
would  you  not 


you  were  not 
you  would  not 


Exercise  122, 

Herman's  work  is  substantially  like  the  pattern  and 
better-than  mine.  It-will-be  easier-than  you-think  to 
determine-the  strength  of-the  machine  this  forenoon. 
We-would-not  wish  to  cheapen  his  services  for-the  Re- 
publican party  in-the  western  states  any-more-than  you- 
would.  How-often.  for-instance,  you  yourself  have-said 
that  he-has-been  guilty  of  negligence  in  slackening-his 

TAYLOR — 13. 


194  FINAL    HOOKS 

efforts.  Were-vve-not  to  return  to-the  southwestern 
states  with  Hamilton  and  remain  until  he-should  re- 
gain-a  competence?  Would-you-not  wish  to  detain 
Eastman  in  Washington  until  Jordan  delivers-the  en- 
gine? You-would-not  trust  an  unknown  workman 
\vith-a  mere  outline  drawing.  The  captain  need-not 
determine-the  question  earlier-than  four  this  afternoon, 
for  Chapman  will-be  slower-than  he  thinks.  Were-you- 
not  expecting  Josephine  to  begin  German  in  June? 
We-were-not  willing  for  Fulton  to-be  postman  again. 
They-say  you-were-not  intending  to  bargain  with  Frank- 
lin. We-would-not  wish  to  lengthen-the  time,  but 
would  rather  quicken  its  passage.  Would-we-not  ex- 
pect Martin  to  see-the  expediency  of  straightening  out 
his  American  affairs  in-the  southeastern  states?  You- 
would-not  be  able,  in-this  instance,  to  strengthen  Grif- 
fin's courage,  for  any-one  can  discern  that  it-is  even 
lower-than  usual.  The  glue  has  made-the  broken 
tureen  substantially  as-good-as  new.  The  Tribune, 
edited  by  Norton,  is  smaller-than-the  Journal,  but  is 
nearer-than  it-is  to-our-own  views.  •  Such  unquestion- 
ing faith  in  Coffin's  pardon  is  but-the  indulgence  of-a 
mistaken  hope.  This  intelligence  concerning-the  north- 
ern assets  will  surprise  Newton. 

REVIEW. 

We-were-not  surprised  when-the  cannpn  was  fired 
this  forenoon  according  to  promise.  We-had-been  en- 
joining silence  upon  them,  for  we-would-not  deepen 
her  sorrow,  which-was  great  though  unexpressed.  This 
chance  to  foreclose  has-been-an  opportune  occurrence 
for  Newman  in-the  insecurity  of-this  business  extremity. 
They-may  determine  'to  rejoin  Catherine  on-the  south- 
eastern coast  where  she-has-been  for-ayear.  Since- 
then  the  expediency  of  unquestioning  obedience  dur- 
ing-all  of  childhood's  days  has-been  plain  to-them. 


FINAL    HOOKS  195 

This-is-the  man  \vho-has-been  making-the  outline  draw- 
ing, and  he-says-the  expense  is  chargeable  to-the  city 
treasurer.  Mr.  Hartman  has-a  substantial  competence 
in  property  in-a  western  state.  You-were-not  expect- 
ing Bowman's  troubles  in-the  real-estate  business  to 
thicken  so  fast.  If  the  sunshine  should  return  earlier- 
than  we-expect,  we-will  explore  the  southwestern  corner 
of-the  bay  yet  this  afternoon,  if  thought  practicable. 
That  has-not-been-a  mistaken  idea ;  it-is  nearer-than 
you  supposed  to-the  truth.  The  rooms  are  smaller-than 
ours  and-the  ceilings  Io wet- than  I-thought.  Were-we- 
not  improperly  encroaching  upon-the  captain's  domain? 
I-am  slovver-than  you  and  'my  work  has-not-been  con- 
sidered better-than  yours,  for-instance  I-never  received 
any-more-than  you-did  in  wages.  Your  work  has  never 
shown  the  effects  of  negligence.  Did-you-mean  that 
there-had-been-a  letter  received  containing-a  check  ex- 
changeable for  gold  ?  I-had-been  expecting  in  every  mail 
some  intelligence  of-my  lost  violin.  What-has-been-the 
success  of-the  Republicans  in  Michigan?  Would-you- 
not  be  beaten  there  for-the  office  of  treasurer?  He-has- 
been  showing-his  skill  in  setting-the  keystone  of-the 
arch  this  afternoon.  There-has-been  talk  of  making 
Dryden  chairman  to  fill-the  place  of  Julian.  What- 
has-been  Franklin's  district  as  postman  during-all- 
this-time?  Were-you-not  bemoaning-the  fact  that-the 
northern  states  supported  Lincoln?  Would-you-not  like 
to-have  us  return  your  valuable  copy  of  Byron  to-day? 
Your  letter  in-regard  to-the  annual  reports  has-been 
referred  to  Hamilton.  You-would-not  like  me  to 
lengthen-the  storv  of-those  foreign  disasters.  He-said 
Latin  was  easier-than  he  expected.  The  bill  would-be 
exchangeable  in  Boston  except  that  it-is  improperly 
signed.  .The  idea  attracts  us  but  does-not  seem  fully 
practicable  with  our  business  so  insecure.  The  quicker 
the  jury  agree  the  earlier  we-shall-be-a^/<?-/0  return  to 
Washington.  Wouid-we-not  quicken  our  steps  if  we- 
were  fully  aiuare  that  there-is  insecurity?  I-failed  to 
see  anything  curious  or  remarkable  in-the  nnexpressive 
faces.  I-felt  that  mere  pleasure  was-an  aim  that-was 
even  less  worthy. 


196 


FINAL    HOOKS 


LESSON  LXIII 
Half  Length  N-Hook  Signs 

160.    When  a  final-hook  sign  is  halved,  the  /  or  </,  as 
in  other  cases,  is  sounded  last. 

Pnt    Bnt    Tnt      CHnt       Knt       Fnt     Vnt  THnt  Lnt 
Exercise  123. 

N    \.  \*  X    \    x\    1         ^  ^    9  f 


.1 


r 


>  j- 


.?• 


.9  .P 


,/./,?'" 


^  ^^  ^ 

.  CS 

•s 

<Y  ^  ^A  c  >  y.Ji  * 

*    X       A        * 

!£H%^ 

e/r-^. 

/r~* 

^^^^^-^    3^_^ 

• 

opened         earned 

stipend 

current 

(105) 

bound           errand 

suspend 

scorned 

assigned 

contained     around 

sustained 

(156) 

silent 

attend           spend 

consistent    contents 

print 

Kent             stand 

warned 

chants 

splint 

count            second 

trained 

grounds 

joint 

gained          softened 

strained 

(^57) 

point 

offend           summoned  (142) 

friends 

appoint 

event            concerned 

turned 

amounts 

kind 

land               consonant 

spurned 

surrounds    find 

(Hooked  W  and  MP 

halved) 

(Ed-tick) 

warranted 

impugned           swooned 

painted 

surrounded 

impend. 

founded 

rented 

FINAL    HOOKS 


197 


ABBREVIATION 

AND  POSITION. 

happened 

Pnt3 

gentlemen 

Jnt  i 

patent 

Pnt3 

gentleman 

Jnt  2 

acceptance 

sPnts  3 

cannot 

Knt  i 

plenty 

Pint 

consequent 

sKnt  i 

applicant 

Plnt3 

county 

Knt 

explained 

sPlnt 

account 

Knt  3 

parent 

Prnt 

foundation 

Fnt3 

comprehend 

.Prnt 

frequent-ly 

Frnt  i 

apparent 

Prnt  3 

island        (poid) 

i-Lnt  i 

apprehend 

Prnt  3 

were  not 

wRnt 

superintend-ent 

sPrnt  3 

minute 

Mnt  i 

behind 

But  i 

movement 

Mnt  3 

to-night 

Tnt  i 

examined 

sMnt  3 

attained 

3 

we  meant 

i 

accident 

sDnt  3 

at  hand 

Tnt  3 

PHRASING. 

161.  JVot  in  phrases,  following  words  which  have 
full-length  strokes,  is  represented  by  the  n-hook  and 
halving,  thus:  do  not,  Dnt. 

Note. — /  and  we  joined  to  did  not,  do  not,  and  had  not,  are 
written  according  to  paragraph  50,  so  that  the  second  signs  may 
come,  respectively,  above  the  line,  on  the  line,  and  through  the 
line.  c 

3    1  5    <•      c 

— M — — M- 


do  not 
had  not  3 
I  did  not 
I  do  not 
I  had  not 
he  did  not 
he  had  not 


we  did  not 
we  do  not 
we  had  not 
you  did  not 
you  do  not 
you  had  not 
I  can  not  i 


he  can  not 
we  can  not  i 
you  can  not 
if  not  i 
have  not 
I  have  not 
we  have  not 


198  FINAL  .HOOKS 

you  have  not  we  are  not  I  which  will  not 

was  not  you  are  not  I  dare  not 

I  was  not  am  not  they  are  not 

who  was  not  I  am  not  i  (DHrnt) 

will  not  may  n°t  which  are  not 

I  will  not  i  we  may  not  i  (CHrnt) 

we  will  not  i  it  will  not  which  were  not 

you  will  not  they  will  not  (CHrnt  3) 

are  not  (DHlnt) 

on  the  one  hand  (wNnt)        on  the  other  hand  (DHrnt  3) 
on  either  hand    (DHrnt  i)  is  at  hand  (sTnt  i) 

Exercise  124. 

The  kind  old  gentleman  always  happened  to-have 
plenty  of  money  at-hand.  The  superintendent  will  sus- 
pend his  opinion  on-the  accident  until  he-has  examined 
all  concerned  and  received-a  full  account  of-it.  We- 
found  we-had-not  judged  correctly  as-to-the  foundation 
of-the  story  current  there.  We-meant  to-do  good  by- 
this  movement,  but  were-not  sustained  by  Kent.  I-find 
that  these  gentlemen  have  attained  a  high  standing  in- 
the  county  and  are-not  behind  any-one  in-the  amount  of 
good  they-do.  I  apprehend  that  Trent  will-be  consist- 
ent in-his  acts.  I-have  explained  that  if  you-do-not  like 
the  applicants  you-are-not  obliged  to  employ  them. 
(On-the)-one-hand  was-the  hurry  consequent  upon 
pressing  business  on-the  Island,  and  (on-the)-other- 
hand  was  your  kind  request.  Do-not  tell  me  you-will- 
not  go  to-night  or  we-will-not  go  either.  You-had-not 
opened  the  rooms  where  the  patent  was  exhibited  and 
we-did-not  find  any-one  there.  We-have-not  brought 
his  parents  around  to-our-own  point  of  view,  and  we-do- 
not  hope  to-do-so.  I-dare-not  count  on-this  when  I- 
have-not  a  minute's  time  to  spend.  You-did-not  see 


FINAL    HOOKS  199 

me,  so  I-did-not  wait.  Had-not  all-the  front  seats  (on)- 
either-hand  been  taken?  I-was-not  able-to  go  yester- 
day, and  to-day  I-will-not  leave.  Was-not  that  duty 
frequently  assigned  to-him  ?  I-had-not  any  doubt  that- 
his  friends'  constant  efforts  could-be  explained,  if-not 
justified.  It-will-not  take  long,  but  we-are-not  ready. 
This-is-an  offer  which-will-not  secure  his  acceptance. 
We-may-not  succeed  if  they-are-not  with-us.  Haven't 
they  comprehended  his  purpose?  He-did-not  seem  to 
mind  the  apparent  failure  in-the  surrounding  counties, 
but  we-were  silent,  fearing  to  offend  him.  They-were 
papers  which-were-not  of  any  value,  and  they-will-not 
even  be  missed.  They-are  books  which-are-not  well 
bound  and-the  print  is  bad. 

REVIEW. 

Having  gained  my  point  I  feigned  interest  and 
turned  around  with-them.  He  spurned  our  comfort  and 
mourned  alone.  I  strained  every  nerve  and  attained  the 
summit.  I  apprehended  that  he-had-not  time  to-go, 
and  thc-othcrs  were-not  ready.  He-was-not  to-be  bent 
from -\~\\s  course  even  to  grant-si  favor  to-a  friend.  He- 
may-not  ask  for  anything  that  you-can-not  spare.  Kent 
had-not  seen  what-the  boxes  contained.  The  superintend- 
ent spends  the  mornings  in-the  tent.  You-may-not  find 
this  lesson  hard,  but  we-find  it  so.  Didn't  they  appoint 
him,  after-that  event,  to-go  around  the  district?  We- 
uiay-not  wish  to-have  Bond  attend  to  raising-the  fund. 
Are-not  your  good  spirits  consequent  upon  your  having 
earned  your-own  money?  The  crowd  was  so  dense 
(on)-either-hand  that  I-did-not  see  my  parents.  They- 
are-not  joint  o-juners  and  I-have-not  lent  the  money  to 
both.  I-do-not  suppose  Tjoe-are  warranted  in-this  infer- 
ence, and  I-cannot  consent  to-your  leaving-the  island. 
He-did-not  comprehend  that  you-had-not  seen-the  ap- 
plicant. He-was-a  gentleman  who-was-not  willing  to 
change  a  constant  habit.  I-had-not-the  courage  to  find 
out  the  contents  of-the  letter.  He  complained  that-the 


2OO  FINAL    HOOKS 

few  seconds'  delay  caused  the  accident  that  happened 
on  Tuesday.  They  certainly  meant  to  report  their  ac- 
ceptance of-the  amount  offered.  This  can-not  account 
for-the  apparent  failure  of-the  gentlemen  who  patented 
the  article.  I  frequently  saw-the  blind  student  standing 
at-a  desk  in-the  front  hall.  He-tvill-not  mind  delay 
if  only  his  object  ts-to-be  attained.  He-can-not  wait-a 
minute  if-you-are  behind  time  on-this  errand.  The 
doctor  examined-the  sprained  wrist  and  selected  some 
splints  for-it.  Our  efforts  in-this  county  were  crowned 
with  success.  His  coming  when  summoned  is  explained 
(on  the)-one-hand  by-his  interest  and  (on  the)-other- 
hand  by-his  dread  of  Mr.  Bond.  There-was  scant 
foundation  for-such-a  movement,  but  we-had  plenty  of 
courage.  Your  letter  which  tells  us  you-have  warded 
off  the  impending  danger  is-at-hand.  to-night.  We- 
meant  to-have-the  house  painted.  I-felt  bound  to  stand 
good  for-the  rent.  He-was  saddened  by-the  event,  and 
seemed  to-be  softened  toward  his  enemy.  I  scorned  to 
quarrel  and  burned  the  papers.  We  cannot  find  Grant 
at-the  counting  room,  though  he  appointed  this  time  to 
meet  us.  You-may-not  wish  to  rent  land  that  cannot 
easily  be  drained.  We  planned  to  attend  the  meeting 
on-the  grounds.  Will-not  Dent  do  this  errand  for-us? 
I-am-not  surprised  that  you-find  this  cement  floor 
easily  cleaned.  May-not  Flint  be  warned  in-time?  I- 
am-not  ready  to  say  you-have-not  done  harm. 


FIXAI.    HOOKS 


201 


LESSON  LXIV 
Half-Length  N-Hook  Signs  Following  Other  Strokes 

Exercise 
\        PI        lv       Iv       I  • 

.U  L  \^  \r 


occupants 

incidents 

fraudulent 

installment 

sharpened 

merchants 

stimulant 

(146) 

disappoint 

urgent 

bri-lliant 

insolvent 

respond 

imagined 

Noland 

instruments 

postponed 

awakened 

demands 

appraisement 

(78) 

discount 

aspirant 

endorsement 

testament 

arrogant 

remind 

ailment 

extant 

arguments 

Raymond 

imminent 

straigh-tened 

fervent 

assessment 

ret-urned 

ardent 

servants 

statement 

president 

excellent 

settlement 

ABBREVIATION 

correspondent     Krs-Pnt 
correspondence  Krs-Pnts 
inhabitant  N-Bnt  I 

husband  Z-Bnt 

understand  Nd-sTnt 

misunderstand 

Ms-Nd-sTnt 


AND    POSITION. 

withstand  with-sTnt 

determined  D-Trnt 

expedient  sP-Dnt 

vice-president  Vs-Ps-Dnt 

intelligent  Xt-Jnt 

unquestioned  N-Knt 

negligent  N-Gnt 


202  FINAL    HOOKS 

infinite  N-Fnt  i  attainment  T-Mnt  3 

appointment        Pt-Mnt  I  experiment  sPr-Mnt 

disSppoinment   Ds-Pt-Mnt  Maryland  Mr-Lnt 

assignment          S-Mnt  Rhode  Island  R-D-Lnt 

permanent  Pr-Mnt  adjournment  Jr-Mnt 

PHRASING. 

dear  friend  they  were  not 

my-dear  friend  ladies  (and)  gentlemen 

are  they  not  to  a  great  extent  (Grt-sTnt) 

Exercise  126. 

Raymond  says  that,  in-his-judgment,  the  document 
which-was-not  included  in-the  assignment  should-be  re- 
turned. The  inhabitants  were  prudent,  and  determined 
to  adopt  some  expedient  to  withstand  the  fraudulent 
practices.  Dear-friend,  I-hope  you-will-find  employ- 
ment with  some  merchant,  and  not  be  disappointed. 
They-were-not  willing  for-the  president  to-be  in-such 
imminent  danger  from  another  of-the  society's  servants. 
My-dear-friend,  it-is  unquestioned  that-the  appraise- 
ment by  Clelland  will-be-an  excellent  argument.  The 
vice-president  will-be  reminded  that-the  affairs  of  the 
Maryland  claimants  must-be  straightened  out  at-once. 
The  appointment  should-not-be  postponed,  for  we-m ay- 
be  detained  some  time.  Did-you-understnnd  his  state- 
ment to-be  that  Leland  was  to-be  pardoned  and  retained 
in  office  ?  That  this  ideal  was-the  permanent  basis  of  the 
society's  work  was-a  point  that-was-not  understood  even 
by-his  intelligent  and  brilliant  mind.  You-understand 
that  there-was-not  a  large  company  of  ladies-(and)- 
gentlemen  present  at-the-time  of-the  adjournment.  His 
latent  power  to  invent  has-been  (to  a)-great-extent 
awakened  by-the  encouragement  of  urgent  friends. 
They-mav-not  understand-the  correspondence  which- 


FINAL    HOOKS  203 

has-been  had  with-the  Rhode-Island  house.  This-has- 
been  my  understanding,  and  so  I-have  remained  here 
uniting  for-the  vacant  place.  They  misunderstand-the 
purpose  of-the  experiment.  He-can  exercise  an  infinite 
endurance  when-an  ardent  interest  has-been  awakened. 
Her  husband  is-the  correspondent  through  whom  I 
learned  of-the  incident.  She  meant  to  read-the  New 
Testament  through  within-the  year.  She  did-not  sup- 
pose-the  attainment  of  her  object  was  so  near,  but 
looked  rather  for  disappointment. 

REVIEW. 

I  heard-the  beautiful  legend  through-a  correspondent 
in  Holland.  It-is  unquestioned  that  her  husband  is-a 
refined  and  intelligent  man.  He-Tvill  visit  firms  in  Ma- 
ryland, Rhode-Island  and  Vermont.  They  fear  that- 
his  ailment  may-be  permanent.  The  appointment  of 
one  aspirant  to-the  office  of  vice-president  will  bring 
disappointment  to-the-others.  \Ve-shall  withstand  his 
arrogant  demand  for-an  assignment.  They-ivere  deter- 
mined to  supplement  our  work  in  getting  out-the  cor- 
respondence on-the  jirst  installment.  He  uses  every 
expedient  for-the  attainment  of-his  object.  It-was-a  frag- 
ment of-the  last  will  and  testament  of-an  officer  of-our 
regiment.  He  finds  great  enjoyment  in  trying  such  ex- 
periments. I-understand  that- the  assailants  were  beaten 
back  bv-the  remnant  of-our  troops.  Are-they-not  la- 
menting-the  enslavement  of-the  inhabitants?  Dear- 
friend.  I-do-not  pretend  that  my  answer  is  relevant.  It- 
can-not  but  seem  unkind  to  misunderstand  my  conduct 
as  flippant  or  petulant.  You-will-find  that-the  cloaks 
they  sell  are  elegant  garments.  They-do-not  repent  of- 
their  negligent  conduct  and  violent  words.  They-have- 
not  enjoined  silence  upon  us.  I-understand  that  you 
beckoned  to-him  at-that  instant.  She-was-not  to-be 
influenced  by-that  inducement.  In-his-judgment,  this- 
h as-been- a  stagnant  pool.  My-dear-friend,  I- fear  I-have 
burdened  you  about  these  discounts.  The  flowers  were 
all  brilliant,  but  there-was-not-a  fragrant  one  among 


204  FINAL    HOOKS 

them.  They  imagined  that  they-tvere-not  seeking-the 
emoluments  of  office.  He-has  bargained  away  his  for- 
tune (to  a)-great-extent.  Leland  thought  the  book  was 
one  which- was-not  destined  to-be  influential.  The 
changing  particles  in-the  kaleidoscope  produce  an  in- 
finite variety  of  beautiful  forms.  I-understand  that  Fre- 
mont is  insolvent,  and  that  all  payments  will-be  at-a 
discount.  She-was-not  depending  upon  Noland,  who, 
though  he-had  talent  and  was  competent,  loved  amuse- 
ment and  called  work  a  torment.  Are-they-not  pre- 
pared to-be  obedient  and  to  respond  to-our  demand  for 
settlement?  I  regained  courage  the  moment  Clement 
made-the  endorsement.  They-have-not  carried  out  the 
Richmond  agreement,  and  perhaps  they-do-not  intend 
to-do-so.  It-cannot  help-the  claimant,  though  Esmond 
imagined  it  might.  They-were  explo ring-tine  gravel 
bank  and  collecting  curious  specimens.  The  quality 
was-not  better,  nor  even  equally  good.  These  prelim- 
inary steps  are  necessary  in-order  to  effect  a  cure.  He- 
was-not  instructing  me  in  parliamentary  law.  The 
shorthand  was  correctly  written  and  equaled  the  best. 
^Ay  feelings  were  indescribable  when  I-saw-the  fat/ure. 
His  doctrines  were  unscriptural,  as-the  audience  at- 
once  perceived. 


LESSON  LXV 
Double  Length  N-Hook  Signs 

162.    When  an  n-hook  sign  is  doubled  in  length,  the 
ter,  der,  or  ther  is  sounded  after  the  «,  thus: 

•  founder. 

painter  pretender  Flanders  tinder 

panther  bystander  inventor  rejoznder 

carpenter  enchanter  thunder  Icelander(36) 

plunder  cownter  asunder  surrender 

splinter  decanter  lender  remainder 

splendor  calendar  slender  salamander 

printer  grantor  cylinder  tormentor 


FIXAI.    HOOKS  2O- 


163.    N-hook  signs  may  be  doubled  to  add  there  or 
their  in  phrases. 

upon  their  has  been  there  can  there 

been  there          down  there  3  gone  there 


164.    A  double-length  stroke  may  receive  an  n-hook, 
in  which  case  the  n  is  sounded,  of  course,  after  the  ter, 

thus: 

eastern. 


furtherance       leathern          modern  entrance 

eastern  Lutheran       temperance      hindrance(9o) 

165.  Oivn,  one.  and  than  in  phrases,  following  words 
represented  by  double-length  signs,  may  be  indicated  by 
the  n-hook.  This  is  the  more  important  use  of  the 
principle  in  paragraph  164. 

another  one  further  than  harder  than 

no  other  one  shorter  than  hotter  than 

some  other  one          later  than  brighter  than 

greater  than  rather  than  colder  than 


ABBREVIATION  AND    POSITION. 

by  their  own        i  the  other  one  DHtrn 

at  their  own         3  neither  one  i 

for  their  own       Ftrn  any  other  one  i 

from  their  own  Frtrn  longer  than  NGkrn 

in  their  own        i  Marylander  Mr-Lntr 


206 


(162) 


FINAL    HOOKS 

Exercise  127. 


\\ 

-\\  \  \  . 

1 

v  J 

V    ^ 

(.164) 


1 66.    For  phrases  in  which  have  necessarily  occurs,  its 
sign  may  be  omitted  in  writing. 


we  (have)  been 

we  may  (have)  been 

(wMPn   i) 
you  may  (have)  been 
he  may  (have)  been 
who  may  (have)  been 
we  would  (have)  been 
what  would  (have)  been 


you  would  (have)  been 
would  you  (have)  been 
would  you  (have)  gone 
would  (have)  been 
we  (have)  been  there 
you  (have)  been  there 
must  (have)  been 
he  may  (have)  been  there 

(he-MPntr) 
Exercise  128. 

We-(have)-been  to  see  his  eastern  friends.  It-was 
later- than  ten  o'clock,  but  rather-than  carry  so  few  let- 
ters I  waited  for  another-one.  The  Marylanders  were 
convicted  upon-their  testimony.  You-may-(have)-been- 
there  too  early  to  find  him  behind-the  counter.  Can- 
their  wish  to  go  down-there  be  for-their-own  sakes?  I- 
know  you-will-do  what-you-can  to  secure  the-other-one 
but  both  of-them  may-(have)-been  sold.  From-their- 
own  point-(of)-view,  neither-one  would  seem  inferior 
to-the  Icelander.  We-may-(have)-been  expected  to 
make-the  slender  piece  shorter-than  the-other-one.  He- 


FINAL    HOOKS  2O/ 

may-(have)-bcen  unable  to  say  what-would-(have)- 
been-the  cost  of-the  cylinder.  He-woultl-(have)-been 
unwilling  to  employ  the  carpenter  longer-than  a  month. 
There-was  no  hindrance  to  their  earning- the  money 
by-their-own  work.  All  were  in-their-own  rooms  dur- 
ing-the  thunder  storm.  Would-you-(have)-been  able- 
to  render  any  assistance  to-the  printer?  Would-you- 
(have)-gone-there  if-you-had  known  that  it-was  further- 
than  they-said  ?  The  bystanders  would-(have)-been 
ready  to  encounter  any  danger.  There-(have)-been 
few  entrance  tickets  sold,  and  you-would-(have)-been 
obliged  to  pay-the  remainder  of-the  amount  pledged. 
Our  regret  at-the  slander  was  greater-than  you- knew. 
This  lesson  is  harder-than  any-other-one  \ve-have-had. 
He-may-(have)-been-there  with  -  the  inventor  at-the- 
time.  The  painter  has-been-there  all-the  morning. 
When  yoi.-(have)-been-there  awhile  you-will  under- 
stand this  candor.  Some-other-one  may  suit  us  as-well. 
They- will  use- the  funds  in-the  furtherance  of-the  tem- 
perance cause.  Had-the  panther  been  free,  no-other- 
one  of-the  animals  \vould-(have)-been  safe. 
REVIEW. 

The  deed  did-not  contain-the  names  of-all-the  grant- 
ors. The  man  wore  a  leathern  apron.  What-would- 
(have)-been-the  aggregate  cost?  He-must-(have)-been 
sent  for  as-a  lender  of  money.  He-should-not-(have)- 
been  willing  to  surrender  so  easily.  He-has-been- here 
since  I-(have)-been  away,  but  he-ivill-not  remain-there 
longer-than  until  June.  The  time  I  shall-(have)-been- 
there  should-(have)-been  reckoned  by-the  calendar. 
l-should-(have)-been  glad  to  witness  the  splendor 
of-his  departure.  This-has-been  my  understanding 
since  I-(have)-been-there,  and  you-must-(have)-been 
in  error.  There-must-(have)-been  an  entrance  exami- 
nation. We-(have)-been  pondering-the  subject  well. 
The  Pretender  had  many  adherents  in  Scotland.  The 


208  FINAL    HOOKS 

story  was-a  reminder  of-the  plundering  army.  They- 
(have)-been  studying  modern  history.  We-(have)- 
been  told  that  many  of-the  people  are  Lutherans.  You- 
would-(have)-been  of  great  help  in-the  furtherance 
of-our  plans.  I  took  that  car,  for  there-would-(have)- 
been  no-other-one  later-than  ten  o'clock.  Rather-than 
overdraw  my  account,  \'ivill-not  stay  longer-than  a 
week.  Our  correspondence  is  greater-than  it-was  last 
year.  It-has-been  harder-than  they  thought  to  check 
the  epidemic.  The  time  for  initiating-the  new  clerk  is 
shorter-than  I  like.  We-(have)-been-there  investigat- 
ing that  piece  of  treachery.  He -may -(have)- been 
honest,  but  ivas-not  as  energetic  as  some-others.  He- 
would-(have)-been  competent  but  he-would-not-(have)- 
been  strong  enough.  I-could-not-(have)-been  in  error; 
if-there-has-been  a  mistake  it-is-not  mine.  There-may- 
(have)-been  one  empty  decanter.  You-may-(have)- 
been  expecting  too-much  gratitude.  Is-he-not  hoping 
for-an  indulgence  which  he-will-not  receive  ?  His 
thanks  were  unexpressed,  but  every-one  knows  him  to- 
{have)-been  grateful.  My  delight  was  inexpressible 
when  Franklin  won  on-the  Republican  ticket.  There- 
wz'//-be  some-one  to  instruct  him  during-\\\s  childhood 
in-the  doctrines  and  principles  of-the  Christian  relig- 
ion.  His  face  was  entirely  unexpressive  during-the 
whole  examination.  No-one  \v\\\-be-able-to  furnish  a 
parallel  instance,  nor-ivill  any-one  explain  this  one 
better-than  Washington.  If-I  happen  to-be  in  town  I- 
will  examine  the  furniture  whether  I  buy  or-not. 
Ought-not  some-one  to  see-the  principal  teacher  at~ 
once,  while  the  circumstances  are  fresh  in  mind?  They 
began  to  relate  their  experiences,  but  ive-ivere-not  inter- 
ested. I-do-not  suppose  he-will  comprehend  this  move- 
ment, and  \-dare-not  explain  it  further-than  has-been 
done.  Did-not  these  circumstances  surprise  the  woman, 
and  -were-you-not  yourselves  surprised  ?  The  report  of- 
the  superintendent  is-at-hand,  awaiting  your  accept- 
ance. George  can-not  leave  to-day,  and  they-are-not 
ready.  They-Tvere-not  spoken  to  until  three  minutes 
before-the  meeting  adjourned. 


FINAL    HOOKS 


2O9 


LESSON    LXVI 

N-Hook  Signs  Followed  by  Other  Strokes 

(See  127.) 
Exercise  129. 


!  — 

depencl-ent 

spont-aneous 

conven-ient 

(128) 

ind-ependent 

attend-ance 

invent-ory 

main-ly 

benefit 

tend-ency 

dimin-ish 

man-ly 

Bennett 

gen-uine 

demean-or 

kind-ly 

Benton 

quant-ity 

min-ers 

econ-orrr 

aband-on 

curren-cy 

lannd-ry 

pant-ry 

abund-ance 

authent-ic 

Leonard 

count-ry 

167.  Where  the  combination  ns  occurs  in  the  middle 
of  a  word,  the  n-hook  is  or  is  not  shown,  according  to 
convenience  in  forming  the  outline.  For  example,  the 
hook  is  shown  in  lonesome;  but  in  pencil,  while  the  iss 
is  on  the  n-side,  the  combination  is  exactly  like  Ps-L. 

TAYLOR — 14. 


210 


FINAL    HOOKS 


N-hook  not  shown : 

pencil  translate  burdensome  paganism 

princely          transfer  council  ant-agonism 

transact          Protestantism  counsel  Spencer 

transmit         densely  mechanism  cancel 

N-hook  shown : 

compensate  lonesome  ransack  landscape 

density  ransom  immensity  landsman 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 


painful-ly 

Pn-F 

questioner 

Kn  2-R 

perpendicular-ly 

Pr-Pn-D 

organic 

Gn-K  I 

plentiful-ly 

Plnt-F 

organism 

Gs-M  i 

Benjamin 

Bn-J 

beginner 

Gn-R 

bountiful-ly 

Bnt-F 

Greenfield 

Gra-Ft 

republicanism 

R-P-B-sM 

countryman 

Knt-Rn 

transgress 

Trs-Gs 

countrymen 

Knt-Ren 

Danville 

Dn-V 

financial 

Fn-N 

downright 

Dn-RIt  3 

phenomenon 

Fn-M 

downward 

Dn-Rd  3 

phenomena 

Fn-M-N 

delinquency 

Dln-S  i 

eventful 

Vnt-F 

Connecticut 

Knt-Kt 

southerner 

sDHn-R  3 

economical-ly 

Kn-M 

manhood 

Mn-D3 

PHRASING. 


Note. —  You,  after  Dnt,  in  a  phrase,  must  be  represented  by 
yeh  instead  of  yuh.   (See  81.) 


didn't  you 

don't  you 

hadn't  you  .  . 

I  understand  you    .     At 


I  understand  you  (to)  say 
again  (and)  again 
on  account  of 

(on  downward) 


FINAL    HOOKS  211 

Exercise  fjo. 

It-can-not-be  that  you-do-not-know  this-is-a  specimen 
from-the  organic  world.  He-can-not-be  turned  aside 
though  all  the-others  should  abandon  the  cause.  I- 
do-not-think  any-one  could  furnish  or  transmit  more 
authentic  reports.  Mr.  Bennett  thinks  it-a  convenience 
to-have  this  independent  mechanism  to  exhibit-the  phe- 
nomenon. Benjamin  thought  some-one  must-(have)- 
been  ransacking-the  tool  chest,  but  he-may-not-(have)- 
been  right.  She-has-been  economical,  but  her  finances 
have-been  burdensome  to  her.  You-do-not-think  you- 
can  leave  Danville  for  Greenfield  at-that-time?  Benton 
had-not-been  compensated  by  his  countrymen  for-his 
financial  assistance  to  them.  I-had-not-been  in  Con- 
necticut for-a  year.  You-may-not-(have)-been  seen  on- 
account-of  the  density  of-the  fog.  Didn't-you-know 
that  he-had-not-been  present  at-all,  and  didn't-you- 
understand  that-that  meant  dismissal  from-the  council? 
I-understand-you-(to)-say  that  you-think-the  quantity 
of  currency  too  small.  I-have-said  again-(and)-again 
that  1-can-be  ready  by  Monday,  but-the  papers  trans- 
ferring-the  property  will-not-be  prepared.  This  delin- 
quency i:;-that  of-a  beginner  in  the  downward  course  of 
transgressing-the  law.  In-his  early  manhood  he-had  no 
eventful  years.  The  whole  organism  was  affected  by- 
the  painful  disease.  The  questioner  thought  the  witness 
antagonistic  to  his  countryman  and  brought  out  plenti- 
ful evidence  of-the  fact.  I-am  interested  in-such  phe- 
nomena. The  wall  5s-not  quite  perpendicular.  It-was- 
an  act  of  downright  perverseness.  This  journal  is-the 
organ  of  Republicanism.  The  southerner  thinks  our 
harvest  a  bountiful  one. 


212  FINAL    HOOKS 

REVIEW. 

The  southei'ner's  story  of-the  delinquency  is-a  down- 
right denial  of-the  lieutenant's.  I-did-not-kno\\  that 
•\\e-had-been  appointed  and  so  I-did-not-understand 
this  to-be  our  duty,  ^fou-may-not-be-able-to  transact  the 
business  for  I-do-not-see.  how  you-can  leave  Scranton 
in-time.  Tell  each  questioner  that  we-</e>-7z0/-know-the 
exact  date,  but  that  it-can-not-(have)-been  later-than- 
the  I5th.  The  mechanic's  delay  was  mainly  on-account- 
of  Benjamin's  neglect.  Though-the  doors  are  densely 
crowded  with  applicants,  there-is  little  hope  thrt-the 
vacancy  can-be  filled  satisfactorily.  Didn't-vott-sny- 
the  principal  counsel  was  antagonistic  to-our  financial 
interests?  Clinton  may-not-(have)-been-there,  though 
I-do-not-understand  u'/ty.  \Ve-can-not-see  how  we- 
can-be  blamed,  for  we-did-not-Vinov!  where  to  find  a 
skilled  attendant  and  searched  vainly  for  one.  ( \>ti- 
sidering-\\\e  state  of-the  organism,  I-raw-;?o/-be-sure 
of-the  potency  of-the  remedy  in-this-case.  This  Con- 
necticut mechanic  can-do  finer  work.  You-think  I- 
do-not-know  your  politics,  don't  you?  Don't-vou-knov; 
your  Republicanism  is  well  vouched  for?  I-would- 
(have)-been  satisfied  if-I-could-(have)-been  permitted 
to  remain  in-this-country  of  bountiful  harvests.  His 
friends  dfo-«<?/- think  he-has  any  inventive  genius.  It-is- 
not-a  business  which-can-be  maintained,  even  economic- 
allv,  with  scanty  funds.  Do-you-mean-(to)-say  you-can- 
see  them  </<?tc'«-town  to-day?  I-can-not-say  \\hether-the 
offer  was  spontaneous  or-not.  Can-there-be  nothing 
done  against  so  gigantic  a  monopoly?  \-ivill-not-^\\ 
what-can-be-done,  for  I-do-not-know-anything-about-it. 
The  old  man  looked  back  fondly  on-the  days  of-his 
\onng  manhood.  You-can-not-be  with  Jonathan  in 
Trenton  to  witness-the  phenomenon.  We-can-be  tak- 
ing-the  inventory  in  Danville  bv  Monday.  We-do-not- 
know  how  expenses  can-be  lessened  without  painfully  di- 
minishing our  comforts.  Didn't-you  borrow  mv  book, 
and  didn't-you-have-it  in  Greenfield?  You -have-not- 
been  shown  the  pencil  drawing?  The  lines  are  perpen- 
dicular to  each-other.  He-can-be  relied  on  to  furnish 


FINAL    HOOKS 


213 


plentiful  employment,  though  he-may-not-be-able-to 
meet  your  princely  demands.  You-can-see  that  Stanton 
is  but-a  beginner  in-the  making  of  trenches,  \-mav-not- 
be  attentive  enough  to  organic  phenomena.  We-met 
some  of-o2tr  countrymen  in  London  on  that  eventful 
day.  They-have  transgressed  the  command  again- 
(and)-agairi.  I-understand-you-(to)-say  that  you  began 
the  return  downward  before  the-others.  It-was  incon- 
siderate, but  we-u>ere-not  surprised. 


LESSON  LXVII 
N-Hook  Signs  Followed  by  Other  Strokes — Continued 

1 68.  When  L  or  SH  follows  an  outline  ending  with 
a  hook,  the  upward  or  the  downward  stroke  should  be 
used,  according  to  convenience. 

169.  The  syllable  ist  or  est  after  a  final  hook  is  usually 
written  St.     It  may  be  made  upward  when  more  con- 
venient. 


FINAL    HOOKS 


(See  168.) 

rental 

mental              constantly 

obediently 

Randall 

lintel                  consistently 

urgently 

fSudle 

plainly              persistently 

friendly 

kindle 

instantly           suddenly 

friendless 

punish 

finish                unfinished 

vanish 

tarnish 

finished            fiendish 

enunciate 

(See  169.) 

plainest 

grandest           faintest 

meanest 

keenest 

thinnest             violinist 

earnest 

greenest 

finest                serenest 

anoznteSt 

ABBREVIATION"    AND    POSITION. 

punishment     Pn-SH  intelligently     Xt-Jnt-L 

accidental-ly  sDnt-L  3  meanwhile       Mn-L  i 

gentlemanly    Jnt-L 

PHRASING. 
any  one  else        every  one  else          no  one  else 

Exercise  132. 

He  fancies  that-the  grass  about-his  old  home  is-the 
greenest  in-the  world.  You-understand  that  Stanley 
was  in  earnest  when  he-said  he-was  to-be  apprenticed 
in  Connecticut.  He  transgresses  your  orders  in  persist- 
ently refusing  to  show  his  rental  list.  To-the  westward 
are  the  grandest  mountain  regions  in-this-country.  Did- 
you-understand  that-the  delay  was  mainly  on-account  of 
Standish's  being  taken  suddenly  ill?  I-do-not-see  how 
this  punishment  can-be  brought  upon  one  who  obediently 
submits.  In  bondage  and  banished  to- a  strange  country, 
he  lived  friendless  and  alone.  Can-there-(have)-been-a 
princely  stranger  disguised  in-those  meanest  of  gar- 
ments? He-was  admonished  not  to  exercise  his  mental 
powers  too  constantly.  We-did-not-see  how  we-could 


FINAL    HOOKS  215 

consistently  grant  such-a  request,  and  no-one-else  would. 
I-can-be-there  on  Monday  with  Ernest,  but  you-must 
banish  all  hope  of  receiving-a  full  account  of-the  acci- 
dent from-his  random  statements.  The  fall  was  acci- 
dental ;  I-did-not-see  that-the  machine  was  in-an  unfin- 
ished state,  and  I-do-not-think  any-one-else  knew  it.  He 
displayed  his  eloquence  in  explaining-the  causes  of-the 
panic.  It-will-be  some  days  before  the  adjournment,  and 
meanwhile  the  time  must-not-be  left  unimproved  by- us, 
though  every-one-else  should-be  idle.  The  machines 
are  identical  in  principle,  but  mine  has-the  minimum 
weight.  The  messenger  vanished  before  he-had  intelli- 
gently delivered  his  message.  His  manners  are  gentle- 
manly and  his  words  are  gentle. 

REVIEW. 

This  morning  they  kindly  bestowed  upon  us  their 
friendly  counsel.  The  criminal  said  his  punishment 
was  unjust,  for  he-had-been  betrayed  by-an  unfriendly 
-world.  The  loss  was  inconsiderable,  for-the  fire  did- 
not  injure  anv  of-the  furniture.  The  doctrines  of-his 
religion  vvhich-~ucere  spoken  of  by-the  General,  are  said 
to-(Jiave~)-becn  unscriptural  and  contrary  to-the  teach- 
ings of-his  denomination.  I-was  constantly  reminded 
of  my -own  inaptitude  and  began  like  every-one-else  to 
lose  my  sanguine  hopes  of  success.  The  wagon  road 
was  parallel  with-the  railroad-track  to  within-^  mile  of- 
the  southern  terminus  of-the  former \  I  happen  to  know 
that-the  junior  speaker  was  more-than  pleased  with-the 
appearance  of-the  audience.  This  explains  your-own 
quick  compliance  with-the  demands  of-the  captain. 
Hamilton  saw  the  expediency  of  quickening  our  pace 
as-the  afternoon  drew  on  and-the  western  horizon  was 
beginning  to  darken.  Has-thcre-been  any  extensive 
improvement  or  substantial  increase  in-their-own  busi- 
ness in-the  southeastern  states?  Dear-friend,  it-would- 
be  infinitely  better  to  adopt  a  more  economical  financial 
method  on-account-of  this  painful  circumstance.  My- 


2l6  FINAL    HOOKS 

own  remembrance  is  that-he  acted  in-a  more  gentle- 
manly manner  than  any-one-else  and  consistently  with- 
his  principles.  Franklin  ought-not  to  generalize  so 
much  as-to  lengthen  his  speech  beyond  endurance,  and 
no-one-else  would  submit  to-it.  At-t heir-own  request 
the  vice-president  has-gone-there  to  examine  into  this 
appointment.  It-had-not  occurred  to-the  captain  that  I- 
might  accidentally  meet  the  Spaniard  after-the  adjoitrn- 
ment  of-the  tinion  meeting.  Tou-ivould-not  find  the 
work  easier-than  you  expected;  (on-the)-other-hand,  it- 
would-be  harder-than  ever,  being  badly  organized.  He 
placed  the  subject  before  us  intelligently,  as-has-been- 
said,  and  in-a  deeply  earnest  and  energetic  manner.  I- 
understand-you-(to)-say  that  there-TVill-be  an  organic 
union  formed  between-the  two  societies  within-a  short- 
time.  A  hamper  of-the  plainest  food  constituted  the 
dinner  of-the  hungry  man.  The  balance  due  was  less, 
according  to  my  remembrance,  than-the  amount  shown 
by-our-own  books.  The  three  gentlemen  happened  to- 
be-there,  and  the  superintendent  cxplaincd-ti\&  accident 
to-them.  Is-he-not  using-an  appliance  which-is  unsuited 
to  any  but-an  experienced  hand  ?  He-ivill-not  see-the 
consequence  of-our-o-jon  failure  anv-more-than  they--vill, 
unless  an  explanation  is  given,  fou-ivcre-not  expecting 
them  to  furnish  the  goods  at-a  price  lower-than  mine, 
•zuere-you  ?  He-has  begun  to  attain  a  taste  for-the  finest 
literature  of-our-own  country.  We-mean  that  we-must 
wait  for-the  return  of  Benton,  and  meanwhile  we-can 
visit-the  floral  display.  The  sentences  enunciated  so 
blandly  by-the  speaker  were  instantly  caught  up  by-the 
mob.  The  housekeeper  may-(Jiave)-been  inexperienced 
or  negligent,  and  may-not-ha\e  understood  what-the 
consequence  would-be.  Werc-yoti-not  intending  to 
visit-the  parliament  house  in-the  forenoon  ?  As-has- 
been-said,  he-is-a  man  of  principle,  as  all-the  "workmen 
know.  //<?.$•- zY-been  impossible  to  attain  your  object 
alone  ?  If  \o\\-had -not -\teen  acquainted  with-the  char- 
acteristics of  Oriental  literature,  you--would-not-(\\a.ve')- 
been  able-to  understand  the  book.  They-are  sanguine 
jn-their  hope  that  deliverance  will  come  at-lcngth. 


FINAL    HOOKS  217 

They-have  begun  to  see-the  consequences  of-the  acci- 
dent earlier-than  was  expected.  You-may-(/iave~)-l>ee/i- 
tliere  when  neitlier-one  of-them  was  in.  He-was  negli- 
gent not  to-have  finished  his  work,  and  we  remonstrated 
with  him  on-account-of-his  negligence. 


LESSON  LXVIII 
F-Hook 

170.  For  f  or  v  (alone  or  followed  by  other  conso- 
nants)   at   the  end  of  a    syllable   containing   a   straight 
stroke  consonant,  a   small  final  hook  is  turned  on   the 
circle  side  of  the  stroke.      This  hook  is  not  placed  on 
curves. 

\  X    I    I    /    /    _    _ 

Pf       Bf       Tf     Df     CHf      Jf       Kf       Gf          Rf 

171.  When  iss  follows  an  f-hook  sign,  it  is  written 
within  the  hook  to  distinguish  it  from  a  simple  sign  with 

zss:       ^a    puffs. 

Exercise 


r 


T 
f>      L 


3lS 


FINAL    HOOKS 


proof  brave  motive 

deprave  contrive  deaf 

reprieve  strive  drive 

above  positive  Rudolf 


achieve  relief 

mischief  observe 

grave  deserve 

Ralph  preserve 


paved  tuft 

deprived      dived 


(See  1 60.) 

craft 
gift 


grieved 
engraved 


deserved 
hived 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

set  off  sTf   i 

set  forth  sTf  2 

differ-ent-ce  Df 

differences  Dfs 

indifferent- ce  X-Df 

advance  Df  3 

Philadelphia  Fl-Df 

derive  Drf   i 

juvenile  Jf  3 

.   call  forth  Klf   i 

called  forth  Klf   i 

government  Gf 

arrive-al  Rf 

hereafter  Rft 


172.    The  affixes  full,  fully,  and  ever  are  frequently 
represented  by  the  f-hook. 


poverty 

Pf   i 

professor 

Prf 

perfect-ly 

Prf 

imperfect-ly 

M-Prf 

approve-al 

Prf  3 

disapprove-al 

Ds-Prf 

private 

Prft   i 

profit 

Prft   i 

provide 

Prft   i 

believe 

Blf 

belief 

Blf 

believed 

Blft 

beloved 

Blft 

extravagant-ce 

sTrf  3 

positively 

Ps-Tf 

hopeful-ly 

watchful-ly 

powerful-ly  3 

beautiful-ly     Bft  3 

cheerful-ly 

whichever 

truthful-ly       Trf  3 

careful-ly 

whoever 

awful                doid-f   I 

skillful-ly   i 

doubtful-ly     Dft  3 

neglectful 

FIXAI.    HOOKS  219 

173.    The  \voi\ls  hcrce  and  of  may  be  represented  by 
the  f-hook  joined  to  a  straight  stroke, 
speak  of  i  instead  of  ought  (to)  have 

spoke  of  in  spite  of  who  have 

part  of  hope  of  3  he  will  have 

city  of  hope  (to)  have  3  03°) 

state  of  it  will  have  above  their 

out  of  3  which  have  believe  their 

whereof  which  will  have  out  of  their  3 

aware  of  3  we  are  (to)  have    i       *  gave  their 

all  of  to  have  arrive  there 

PHRASING. 

(toid) — I  believe,   I  approve,   I  gave, 
(roid) — I  speak  of  (i),  I  spoke  of,  I  hope  (to)  have; 
in  spite  of  their  (N-sPftr). 

Exercise  134. 

He-is  hopeful  that  by  careful  and  skillful  contriving 
he-will-have  part-of  his  property  left  and  so  avoid  pov- 
erty. I-believe  we-are-(to)-have  his  powerful  influence 
in  securing-the  reprieve  I-spoke-of.  Adolph  is-a  beau- 
tiful child  and  is  always  cheerful.  Ralph  and  Rudolph 
have-not  done  perfect  work,  but  I-believe-their  efforts 
will  soon  achieve  something  which-will  call-forth  posi- 
tive praise.  I-speak-of  some  juvenile  works  which-have 
proved  very  popular.  Mr.  Huff  set-off  at-once  and 
strove  to  reach-the  city-of  Philadelphia  in  time.  I- am 
to-have  the  two  doves  instead-of  one  as-a  gift  for  my 
beloved  little  niece.  He  disapproves  of-the  step,  ob- 
serving that  it-will-have  positively  nothing  to-do  with- 
the  grave  differences  on-the  question  of  relief.  In-spite- 
of-the  imperfect  finish,  it-is-a  work  which  deserves  and 
which-will-have-the  approval  of-the  professor.  They- 
believe  that  it-is  perfectly  safe  to  set-forth,  and  they 


22O  FINAL    HOOKS 

hope-(to)-have-a  pleasant  drive.  Private  soldiers  who- 
have-been  watchful  and  braved  dangers  deserve  praise 
whether  they-have  achieved  success  or-not.  I-believed 
that  out-of-their  abundance  they-would  advance  suffi- 
cient for  our  needs.  They  gave-their  help  to-the  gov- 
ernment with  differing  motives.  It-is  my  belief  that-the 
charge  is  extravagant,  whoever  may  derive  profit  from 
it.  I-have  advanced  money  which-will-have-(to)-be  re- 
paid before-the  arrival  of  Rudolph.  I-am  aware-of  the 
danger  to  one  in-his  state-of  health.  I-know  whereof 
I-speak.  After-such  indifferent  and  neglectful  con- 
duct, involving  such  awful  consequences,  it-is  doubtful 
whether  they  ought-(to)-have  our  confidence  again. 
Whichever  course  you-may  hereafter  choose,  provide 
against  possible  mischief.  Not  believing  him  truthful, 
since  he-gave  no  proof,  I-gave  the  appearances  a  differ- 
ent explanation. 

REVIEW. 

I-believe  he-is  striving  to-be  above  others.  You-u>z7/- 
not-\>z  deprived  of-the  opportunity  to  achieve  something 
hereafter  if-you  prove  to-be  in  earnest.  The  new 
professor  who-has  just  arrived  is-a  native  of-the  state-of 
Washington.  He-has  carved  the  piece  carefully  and 
thinks  it  beautiful,  and  he-is  hopeful  that  you-\vill 
approve.  I-can  truthfully  say  it-was  well  contrived  and 
skillfully  performed.  They  rave  about  things  which- 
have  positively'  nothing  to-do  with-their  chief  interests. 
He-will-have-a  part-of  the  bees  hived  before  David 
arrives.  We  set-forth  in-our  private  carriage  and  ad- 
vanced as-far-as  the  city-of  Philadelphia  before  seven. 
It-is  my  belief  that  we  ought-(to)-have  these  books  on- 
a  different  shelf  in-spite-of-their  small  number.  Pre- 
serve the  papers  from  which  you  derive  your  kno-jchdge 
but  let  no-one-else  see  them.  They  gave  us  a  drive  to- 
the  caves  instead-of  to-the  grove.  I-shall  prove  that 
this-is-no  depraving  influence.  The  deaf  man  icas-not 


FINAL    HOOKS  221 

aware-of  our  approach.  They  hope-(to)-have  some 
profit  out-of-the  new  railroad.  It-will-have-a  sharp 
curve  at-the  foot  of-the  bluff.  The  cliff  I-spoke-of  was- 
a  menace  right  above-their  heads.  Those  who  scoff 
c?0-«<?/-know  whereof  they  speak.  The  juvenile  party 
cheerfully  set-off,  hoping  to  arrive-there  by  noon.  They 
speak-of  our  poverty  as-if  they  believed  it  caused  by 
extravagance.  Their  differences  grew  out-of-their  hope 
for  government  employment.  Your  neglectful  conduct 
will  call-forth  the  disapproval  of  beloved  friends. 
Whichever  course  you  take,  the  result  is  doubtful. 
Whoever  is  indifferent  to-his  studies  will-have  imper- 
fect lessons.  They-were  powerfully  affected  by-the 
professor's  report  of-the  awful  mischief.  The  em- 
broiderv  on-the  scarf  was  perfect.  The  cities  differ  in- 
their  methods  of  furnishing  relief.  We-are-(to)-have 
no  opportunity  to  provide  anything  for-the  journey. 
They-are  matters  which-will-have  our  care  at-once. 
The  spindle  of-the  axle  was  broken  through  negligence. 
The  ring  was  engraved  by  Ralph  who-is  skillful  in-the 
craft.  This  proves  that-the  lecture  was  above-their 
understanding.  By  driving  to-the  city  we-can  arrive- 
there  in-time  for-a  brief  conference.  There-is  little 
difference  between-the  professor's  opinion  and  mine 
on-the  chief  points.  The  price  you-have  named  for-the 
gloves  is  higher  instead-of  lower-than  you-gave  us  at- 
first. 


222 


FINAL    HOOKS 


LESSON  LXIX 

F-Hoofc  Signs  Followed  by  Other  Strokes 

174.  jF1  or  v  in  the  middle  of  words  is  frequently  pro- 
nounced with  the  syllable  before  that  to  which  it  natur- 
ally belongs,  in  order  that  it  may  be  represented  by  the 


hook,  thus: 


Davis. 


Exercise  135. 


r  *y\^r   J/             LJ^  x"~^ 

V                \   •       jS 

\/iv 

J_^tt. 

^  .:  )  . 

)"  y 

prov-oke 

brief-est 

dev-ice 

chief-ly 

proph-ecy 

brav-ery 

adv-ice 

riv-er 

prev-ious 

contriv-ance 

adv-ise 

recov-er 

prev-ent 

striv-en 

def-cnd 

discov-ery 

prov-inces 

def-eat 

ilef-inite 

gov-ern 

Provid-ence 

dcv-iate 

def-ense 

G  rover 

pref-er 

Dav-id 

def-ensive 

(128) 

pref-erence 

adv-ocate 

def-ender 

grievance 

Beav-er 

Dav-is 

adv-enture 

grav-ity 

Buff-alo 

def-er 

teleph-one 

brevity 

FINAL    HOOKS  223 

Ed-tick:        gifted  provided         drafted         tufted 

(See  169)     gravest         roughest         toughest      briefest 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

previously  Prf-S  devolve  Df-V 

privilege  Pi'f-J  divulge  Df-J 

proficient-cy  Prf-SH  deficient-cy  Df-SH 

superficial  sPrf-SH  straightforward   sTrf-Rt 

profitable  Prft-B   i  Jefferson  Jf-sN 

behavior  Bf-R  California  Klf-R 

development  Df-P  governor  Gf-R 

PHRASING. 

at  all  events  (Tlf-Nts)  which  have  not 

ought  (to)  have  had  which  have  been 

ought  (to)  have  been  which  have  had 

or  which  will  have  had 

ought  (to  have)  been  who  have  been 

such  have  been  who  have  had 

State  of  Indiana  who  have  not  been 

it  will  have  had  I  prefer  (toid) 
he  will  have  been 

Exercise  ij6. 

I-shall  endeavor  to  prevent  any  bad  behavior  on- 
the  part-of  Jefferson.  Such-have-been-the  proofs  of 
General  Grover's  bravery  in  defense  of-the  town  that 
we-know  he  deserves  his  reward.  In-spite-of  these 
deficiencies,  Davis  will  develop  the  California  business 
into-a  profitable  one.  This  duty  devolves  upon- the 
governor.  David  ought-(to)-have-had-an  answer  at-all- 
events  before  leaving  Buffalo.  We-shall  recover  all- 
of  our  privileges,  for  there-was-a  definite  agreement. 
He-had  striven  to  defend  himself  against  the  provoking 
attacks  of -his  rival.  I  prefer  to-have-the  books  covered 


224  FIXAL    HOOKS 

with  cloth.  Beaver  is-a  resident  of-the  city-of-Indian- 
apolis,  State-of-Indiana.  Preference  will-be  given  to- 
the  pupils  who-have-not-been  absent.  These  are  prov- 
inces which-have-had-a  large  traffic  with  passing  cara- 
vans. I-fear  your  prophecy  as-to-the  year's  sales  is  one 
which-will-have-had  no  fulfillment  at-the  end  of-the 
time.  I-will-not  deviate  from-the  course  you  advise, 
for  I-know  your  proficiency  in-this  line  of  work.  The 
letter  gives  the  briefest  outline  of-the  work  in-the  city- 
of  Providence.  The  development  of-my  plan  had-been 
previously  much  hindered.  They  ought-(to)-have-been 
able-to  secure  a  better  advocate  of-their  cause.  He  fills 
his  coffers  by-a  skillful  use  of-his  superficial  knowledge. 
The  gravity  of-the  society's  defeat  is  equaled  only  by- 
the  brevity  of-the  record.  It-will-have-had  no  recovery 
of-its  influence  when-the  year  is  ended.  The  straight- 
forward child  divulged  to-us  all-the  facts. 

REVIEW. 

It  devolves  upon  us  to  discover  #//-0/~-the  causes  of- 
the  deficiencv.  He  described  the  conference  with-the 
governor  briefly,-  but  in-a  graphic  manner.  Jefferson 
gravely  says  he  expects  to-have  some  wonderful  ad- 
ventures.. They -TV  ill  divide-the  cost  of  the  pavement 
equally  among  them.  Mr.  Beaver's  brief  note  does-not 
define  the  defects  which-have-not  yet  been  overcome, 
and  we-must  consult  him  by  telephone.  He  spends  his 
time  chiefly  in  devising  schemes  for  deferring  his  work. 
His  grievances  are  many  and  diverse.  Thev-arc  people 
who-have-been-through  such  experiences  and  who-have- 
had  disappointments.  He-has  suffered  grievous  defeats 
in  business  on-account-of-his  superficial  work.  He-has- 
a  little  proficiencv  in  divers  callings.  These  privileges 
are  the  reward  of  good  behavior.  The  ships  were  driven 
by  adverse  winds  upon  diverging  wavs.  The  develop- 
ment of-the  business  in  California  dnring-\\\e year  has- 
been  phenomenal.  Previously  it-had-not-becn  at-all 


FIXAL    HOOKS  225 

profitable.  The  city-of-Indianapolis  is-the  capital  of- 
the  state-of -Indian  a.  He-will-have-been  pacified,  for- 
his  care-takers  are  persons  who-have-been  trained.  He- 
will-have-had  no  opportunity  to  refer  to  matters  which- 
have-not-been  settled.  They-are  people  who-have-not- 
been  unvjatchfitl,  and  if-any  error  was  committed  it-will- 
have-been  corrected  in-time.  At-all-events,  any  mis- 
takes which-will-have-been  unobserved  can-be  proved 
not-the  result  of  indifference.  The  house  ought-(to)- 
have-been  renovated  completely.  The  vigorous  work 
of-the  preachers  and  of-the  devout  people  ought- 
(to)-have-had-a  civilizing  effect.  The  skiff  was  at-first 
drifting  very  near  to-us,  but  was  afterward  skillfully 
steered  off  in-a  different  course.  His  beliefs  were  un- 
scriptural,  as  all  Christians  could  discover.  The  cost 
of-the  lot  is  inconsiderable,  nor-will-fae  house  be  ex- 
pensive. The  general  will  make-a  movement  down- 
the  river,  but  he-vjill-not  divulge  to-us  all-of  his  plans. 
I-believe-their  state-of  poverty  is  due  to  neglectful  busi- 
ness methods,  and  extravagance  on-the  part-of  each- 
of  them.  L.  M.  Franklin,  Jr.,  will  organize  a  society 
m-your-own  to-jon  of  Washington.  Tou--were-not  asked 
for  more-than  an  outline  of-the  story.  No-other-one 
can  -vitJistand  his  straightforward  persistence.  What- 
•would-not  any  of-us  do  to  induce  Hamilton 's  accept- 
ance of-the  appointment?  From-their-cnvn  point-(of)- 
view  the  expedient  is  unwise.  Dear-friend,  upon-their 
entering  into  correspondence  with-his  father,  Jefferson 
determined  to  make-the  assignment.  £>y-their-o-wn  ef- 
forts, though  beginners,  they  again-(and)-again  threat- 
ened to  advance  beyond  him.  Such-have-been— the 
matters  which-have-had  our  care  and  thought. 

TAYLOR— -15. 


226 


FINAL    HOOKS 


LESSON  LXX 
Use  of  Strokes  for  N,  F,  and  V 


(See 


96.     Use  needed  vowels.) 


pen,  penny 

unchained,  ingenuity 

zone,  Zion 

paved,  pivot 

John,  Joan 

shine,  shiny 

pine,  piano 

Jane,  Jennie 

Allen,  Illinois 

tin,  tiny 

Kane,  Kenney 

lent,  linnet 

turn,  attorney 

Kent,  Canute 

meant,  moneyed 

Dan,  deny 

cough,  coffee 

none,  Nannie 

deaf,  defy 

gain,  guinea 

noons,  annoyance 

cleft,  defied 

gift,  covet 

run,  ruin 

delve,  Delphi 

fun,  funny 

raft,  rivet 

chain,  china 

vain,  Vienna 

hewn,  honey 

chant,  Janet 

Nathan,  Anthony 

lines,  allowance 

chief,  Java 

assign,  assignee 

meant,  mi-nute 

Exercise  /J/. 

(X*   ^^ 

)   -  -/^f  - 

^  >  '    Y"  ^ 

=  A          — 

I  '  V    •  ' 

'    ^      1     /'"""  X^'^'x 

^i-:\  ^ 

T" 

= 

—          = 

*"\.\. 

^      '         C^  °S   /       x  /. 

/\^  )  ^f  \^v 

7   ^ 

<*• 

I            I/                                       s-  

-^^-             X     Q    Jl      -rS  ^ 

7  '^  J>  ~N     /  ^  v 

\ 

• 

._,.%>. 

/"  ^>   <;,>-, 

- 

^   .,    ^  -! 

\  ^^\,- 

r  xv^i.s 
(r?  s    ^i  I  "  ^ 

1 

1   _          *T 

FINAL    HOOKS  227 

Exercise  138. 

Johnnie  says  he-did-not  pay  more-than  a  penny  for- 
the  pen.  Nathan  and  Anthony  do-not  deny  Dan  any- 
thing. Jennie  had-not  seen  her  Aunt  Jane  Allen  in 
Illinois.  I-did-not-think-the  boy  would  gain  a  guinea 
in-the  deal.  I-cannot-say  that  no-one  came  excepting 
Nannie.  We-did-not  defy  the  deaf  man,  and  are-not 
wishing  to-do-so.  We-had-not  expected  the  piano  to 
come  in-a  pine  box.  He  defied  Mr.  Kenny  and  by-a 
deft  movement  avoided  his  cane.  We-cannot  avoid-the 
annoyance  of  spending  our  noons  down-town.  Were- 
not  the  boys  long  coveting-the  gift?  It-will-not-be  long 
before-the  linnet  will  lend  its  voice  to-the  cheerful 
chorus.  I-dare-not  hope  to  turn  to  my  account  matters 
which-the  attorney  cannot  manage.  Was-not-the  sign 
turning  on-a  pivot  at-the  top  of-the  post  in-the  paved 
street?  He-had-not  expected  to  find  the  way  to-the 
throne  so  thorny  a  path.  He-cannot  hope  to  escape  all 
griefs  and  grievous  troubles.  This  proves  that  they- 
will-not  preface  the  report  with  any-more-than  this 
remark.  Marianna  is  reading-the  account  of-a  marine 
battle.  These  men  are  serfs  who-have-been  released 
from  service.  Grant  does-not  know  whether  he-will- 
have  a  new  cornet  or-not.  The  Dean  will  send  Edna 
to  school  in-the  city-of-New-York  ihstead-of  Philadel- 
phia. Flynn  is  powerful  enough  to  punish  this  villainy. 
She  meant  that-the  details  were  too  minute. 

REVIEW. 

They  look  hopefully  for- a  letter  soon  from  John,  who 
set-off  for  southern  China  several  months  ago.  \-believe 
Dr.  Kane  wi-11  profit  bv-the  extravagance  of-the  go-ccni- 
incnt  more-than  Mr.  Kenny  will.  These  delinquents 
are  apt  to  call  things  fun  ivhich-are-not  at-a.ll  funny  for 
those  ivho-arc-not  behind-\\\e  scenes.  If  we-had-not 


228  FINAL    HOOKS 

hewn  down-ihe  tree  we-would-not  have  found  the  honey. 
ffas-it-been  expedient  to  give  to-the  vice-president  this 
morning  any  intelligence  of-the  assignment  of-these 
northern  claims?  The  gentleman  had-not  explained 
to-the  child  that-the  chief  product  of-the  island  was 
Java  coffee.  Before  adjourning,  the  Republican  com- 
mittee adopted  our-oivn  paper  as-the  principal  organ 
of-the  partv  in-the  southeastern  states.  What-wonld- 
)iot  John  and  Joan  give  to-have  this  intelligence  before 
leaving  for-the  western  states  ?  ffas-therc-been  no  less 
a  sum  than  $10,000  of-the  countv  bonds  of-this  denomi- 
nation sold  to-night  to  their-own  members?  The  gen- 
tleman tried  in  vain  to  reach  Vienna  earlier-than  any- 
other-one  of-his  party.  We-mean  that-the  women  ought- 
not  to  excuse  delinquents  who-have-beev\  guilty  of-such 
negligence.  The  allowance  of  ten  lines  may-(Jiave}- 
been  insufficient,  for-the  paper  to-be  inserted  was  longcr- 
than  ive-meant  it  to-be  at-first.  Being  experienced,  this 
•woman  did  the  work  better-than  the-other-one.  Some 
ladies-(and)-gentleinen  stopped  with  Janet  after-the 
adjournment  to  hear  the  chanting  of-the  choir.  They- 
may-(have)-been  women  who-were-not  willing  to  form 
an  unquestioning  judgment  on  appearances  only.  Had- 
it-not-been  her-otvn  nephew  who-w7as-the  applicant, 
would-ivc-not  have  found  it  easier-than  we-did  to  refuse 
him?  They-may-(have)-been  so  inexperienced  in  life 
as-to  seek  their-own  deliverance  from-a  momentary 
trouble  by-the  indulgence  'at-the  expense  of  others  of 
whatever  thought  happened  to-be  at-hand  at-the  minute. 
Is-he-not  using  rivets  which-are  largcr-tlian  necessary 
in  making-the  rafts?  Had-it-not  seemed  for  our-own 
good,  and  to-be  attained  by -our-own  efforts,  no-one 
would-(have)-been  willing  to  give  approval  to-the  ex- 
travagant proposal  of  Benjamin.  Aclolph  will  set-off 
to-night  to  Delphi  to  visit-the  miners  who-are-not  or- 
ganized and  •who-will-not  submit  their  differences  to-the 
judgment  of-their-own  countrymen.  Our  labor  is  by- 
our-own  hands,  of-our-o~uon  will,  and  to-our-own  advan- 
tage. No  appliance  other-than  this  happens  to-be  at- 
hand.  My-dear-friend,  my  experience  is  that  those 
who-will-not  comprehend,  but  who-are  determined  to 


FIXAL,    HOOKS  229 

misunderstand  or  withstand  just  and  intelligent  de- 
mands,- meet  frequent  disappointments.  I-was  straight- 
forward enough  to  divulge  to-his  parents  my  reasons 
for  compliance  with-his  request.  I-did-not  see,  and  do- 
not  yet  see  how-the  creature  could-have  sufficient  inge- 
nuity 'to  get  zV,ye//"unchained. 

LESSON  LXXI 

Shon-Hook 

175.  A  large  final  hook  on  the  circle  side  of  any 
stroke  represents  the  syllable  tion,  sion,  tian,  etc.  The 
shon-hook  is  indicated  by  shn. 

\0  I  —,  ^  ,) 

Pshn          Tshn       CHshn        Kshn  Fshn  Sshn 


Lshn  Mshn  Nshn        Rshn          Rshn       Ilshn 

176.  A  shon-hook  sign  may  be  made  half-length  or 
double-length  :       Xj    patient. 

177.  The  small  circle  for  iss  is  written  inside  a  large 
final  hook,  thus:      '—^  occasions. 

Exercise  139. 


sA 


FINAL    HOOKS 


option 

location 

emotion 

operation 

vacation 

nation 

completion 

allegation 

notion 

separation 

prot-ection 

(i?^) 

inspiration 

discussion 

patient 

preparation 

execution 

conditioned 

depression 

selection 

fashioned 

station 

comm-unication 

alter-ation 

importation 

session  (Sshn) 

concentr-ation 

consultation 

solution 

O77) 

imitation 

consolation 

sections 

presentation 

assertion 

omissions 

occasion 

rel-ation 

visions 

education 

motion 

selections 

ABBREVIATION'  AND  POSITION. 


exception 

sPshn 

direction 

Drshn 

acceptation 

sPshnt  3 

duration 

Drshn  3 

application 

Plshn  3 

consideration 

sDrshn 

expression 

sPrshn 

imagination 

M-Jshn 

impression 

MPshn  I 

exaggeration 

sjrshn 

objection 

o-Bshn 

action 

Kshn  3 

exhibition 

sBshn  i 

transaction 

Trs-Kshn 

situation 

sTshn  i 

indication 

Xd-Kshn  i 

satisfaction 

sTshn  3 

conclusion 

Klshn  3 

expectation 

sP-Tshn 

description 

sKrshn  I 

hesitation 

Z-Tshn 

valuation 

Vlshn  3 

attraction 

Trshn  3 

information 

Xshn  i 

construction 

sTrushn 

intention 

Xt-Xshn  i 

instruction 

in-sTrshn 

junction 

J-XGshn' 

obstruction 

obs-Trshn 

sanction 

sXGshn 

addition 

Dshn  3 

recollection 

Rshn 

reduction 

R-Dshn 

observation 

Bs-Rshn 

FINAL    HOOKS  231 

PHRASING. 

in  relation  (Nr-Lshn  or  Xrlshn  i)         my  recollection  is 
with  relation  (\vR-Lshn)  my  impression  is 

on  this  occasion 

Exercise  140. 

It-was  my  expectation  on  making-the  confession  to 
receive  some  consolation.  Your  information  with- 
relation  to-the  solution  of-the  difficulty  brings  us  in- 
spiration. My-recollection-is  that-the  relation  of-the 
incident  brought  indications  of  emotion.  It-was  my 
intention  that-the  duration  of-his  option  of  purchase 
should-be  conditioned  upon  his-own  action.  His  pre- 
sentation of-the  case  made-a  favorable  impression  and 
obtained  my  sanction.  Their  consultation  is  in-relation 
to-the  best  education  as-a  preparation  for  business. 
My-impression-is  that-the  assertion  came  in-a  communi- 
cation from  Beaver.  It-is  a  satisfaction  to  know  that- 
the  place  of-the  exhibition  is  near-the  station  at-the 
iunction  of-the  roads.  My  conclusion  is  that  on-this- 
occasion  there-must-be-a  discussion  on-the  financial  situ- 
ation of-the  nation.  He-made  objections  to  my  making- 
the  motion  at-this  session.  On  another  occasion  I-will 
give  due  consideration  to-the  question  of  reduction  in- 
the  valuation.  His  observations  were  preparatory  to 
giving  instructions  for-the  needed  alterations.  His  direc- 
tions included  the  marking  of-the  sections  to-be  copied 
and-the  omissions  desired.  I-have-the  impression  that 
after-the  completion  of-the  contract  and  its  execution, 
additions  will-be  allowed  with  great  hesitation.  His 
concentration  of  thought,  and  his  patient  application  to- 
the  work  of  construction  and  operation  show  his  inter- 
est. From  my-recollection  of  Mr.  Moore's  expressions, 
it-is-no  exaggeration  to  say  that-the  separation  of  inter- 


232  FINAL    HOOKS 

ests  was  in-all-the  property  \vith-the  exception  of-the 
factory.  Things  of-this  description  have-a  great  at- 
traction for  me,  and  stimulate  my  imagination.  In-their 
usual  acceptation,  the  words  suggest  some  obstruction 
to-a  portion  of-the  proposed  work. 

REVIEW. 

For-a  small  consideration  she  secured  her-oivn  old 
fashioned  chair  at-the  auction.  Some  additions  will-be 
needed  'to-our  helpers,  for-the  task  is  larger-than  we 
supposed.  Were-we-not  right  in  bringing-the  discussion 
to-a  conclusion  ?  It-was  my  happiness  to-have  my  ap- 
plication accepted  for-a  situation  in  one  of-the  western 
precincts.  Would-ive-not  have-a  right  to  determine 
that  this-is-an  indication  that  our  expectation  is  appre- 
hended to-be  reasonable?  My-recollection-is  that  he- 
gave  expression  to-his  intention  to  decline  to  serve  the 
county  for-the  balance  of-the  debt.  Our  instructions 
were  to  get  information  with-relation  to-the  foundation 
of-the  stoiy  through  your  correspondence.  I  apprehend 
that  t/iere-?vt//-be  no  objection  other-than  this  to-the 
use  of-these  patent  appliances.  A  reduction  was  made 
in-the  valuation  of-the  building  after  its  construction 
on-account-of  the  appearance  of-its  foundation.  Mv- 
impression-is  that-the  exhibition  will-be  lengthened 
in-time,  if-not  made  permanent,  and-the  number  of 
attractions  will-be  increased.  It-was-a  satisfaction  to- 
have  another  of-our  beloved  Maryland  friends  with-us 
in-that  aicful  time.  I  disapprove  of-the  direction  your 
action  is  taking,  as  carefully  outlined,  for-instance.  by- 
the  friend  \-spokc-of.  I-have-the  happiness  to  report 
that  I-have  examined  and  found  the  story  untrue,  being- 
a  mere  indulgence  in-a  juvenile  tendency  to  exaggera- 
tion. If  mv-recollection-is  correct,  the  completion  of- 
the  contract  requires  an  insertion  in-relation  to  its 
duration  and  one  on-the  effect  of  fluctuation  in  prices. 
My  hesitation  is  caused  by  discoveries  through  mv-oivn 
observation  among-the  inhabitants.  Were-we-not  to 
leave  them  all  behind  on-the  island  with-the  exception 
of-those  ivho-were-not  yet  examined  by  Jefferson? 


yiXAI.    HOOKS  233 

The  obstructions  are  all  m-vonr-own  imagination.  The 
allegation  as-to-the  results  of-the  operation  are  sup- 
ported by-the  reasoning  of-a  logician.  Would-you-not 
think  it  wise  for-them  to  consider  the  question  of-the 
expediency  of  securing-a  patent  upon-their  machine? 
I-\vas  at-first  walking  slower-than  the-others,  but  by 
quickening  my  pace  I-vvas  nearer-than  any  of-them  to- 
the  junction  at-the  appointed  time.  tte-mav-(have)- 
been-there  longer-than  his  countryman.  'On-this-occa- 
sion  Benjamin  showed  more  proficiency.  It-was  ap- 
parent that  \\e-had-not  attained  to-an  unquestioning 
faith.  Taken  in-their  usual  acceptation  your  words 
would-be-an  insinuation  of  dishonest}'.  I-cannot  believe 
that  there-will-be'  plentv  of  time,  and  if-not  I-dare-not 
sanction  the  commencement  of-the  experiment.  (On)- 
either-hand  stood  an  intelligent  helper  upon  whom 
devolved  the  duty  of  providing  whatever  might-be 
needed  during-the  progress  of-the  experiment.  Are- 
they-not  failures  consequent  upon  misunderstanding 
rather-than  upon  anything-else  ?  My-dear-friend,  the 
value  of-his  attainments  is  unquestioned,  and  u'e-may- 
(have)-been  mistaken.  My  sister's  husband  went  to 
Danville  in-the  interests  of  republicanism,  and  has- 
been-there  a  week.  Meanwhile  we-(have)-been  out-of 
work.  Whichever  way  we  turn  we-are  aware-of  dis- 
approval. Labels  of-this  description  are  for  protection 
against  imitations. 


234 


FINAL    HOOKS 

LESSON   LXXII 
Shon-  Hook — Continued 


X     .               7 

u  ^  ^±  ^  \   L^V_JV_> 

n»  \s 

V^  i.    -  .' 

>    Lv, 

~V:^  ^  ,> 

.^ 

•v^/f" 

^^X    , 
V^> 

VO. 

*^2 

•                           .                                                        JiL-P  \ 

v^>^ 

O  ^«^  f*     ~~^~ 

^\^- 

^Y?/*Y? 

0     7       (a/> 

portion 

erection 

076) 

motions 

del-iberation 

circulation 

occasioned 

ancients 

distri-bution 

negotiation 

ancient     . 

(167) 

constitution 

depreciation 

(i/7) 

cancellation 

petition 

accu-mulation     patience 

transaction 

creation 

att-ention 

impatience 

translation 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

representation 

R-Pshn 

transportation 

Trs-P-Tshn 

inspection 

Ns-Pshn 

protraction 

Pr-Trshn 

prohibition 

Pr-Bshn 

destruction 

D-sTrshn 

publication 

P-Bshn 

production 

Pr-Dshn 

obligation 

Blshn    i 

generation 

Jslin 

dissatisfaction 

Ds-Tshn  3 

degeneration 

D-Jshn 

determination 

D-Trshn 

legislation 

L-Jshn 

substitution 

s3-sTshn 

affectionate 

F-Kshn  3 

FIXAL    HOOKS  235 

collection        Kl-Kshn   i  fraction  Frshn  3 

correction       Kr-Kshn   i  revelation  Lshn 

inscription       insKrshn    i  revolution  Lshn   3 

signification   sGshn   i  resurrection  Rs-Rshn 

exclusion         sKlshn  preservation  Prs-Rshn 

calculation      Kl-Klshn  mention  Mshn 

resignation     R-sGshn  extinction  Ks-T-NGshn 

transgression  Trs-Geshn  distinction  Dst-NGshn 

modification  Md-Fshn  function  F-NGshn 
notification     Nt-Fshn 

Exercise  142, 

He  showed  his  impatience  when  his  attention  was 
called  to-the  Prohibition  petition.  It-is  my  determina- 
tion to  make-an  inspection  of-the  business  without  dis- 
tinction of  departments,  so-as-to  discover  the  cause  of- 
this  dissatisfaction.  The  fine  state-of  preservation  of- 
these  ancient  inscriptions  makes  it  easier  to  determine 
their  signification.  He  felt  under  obligation  to  try  the 
plan  suggested  by-his  affectionate  parents.  His  repre- 
sentation is-that  this  resignation  may  save  our  society 
from  degeneration  and  destruction.  It-is-the  function 
of-our  committee  to  secure  Btirk's  nomination  and  elec- 
tion, so-as-to  obtain  this  legislation.  He-made  some 
important  corrections  and  modifications  in-the  work. 
The  book  is  frequently  mentioned  as-a  valuable  pro- 
duction. I-am  waiting  for-the  publication  of-the  new 
edition.  I-will  make-a  calculation  on-the  value  of-the 
collection.  He  failed  to  spell  the  word  "resurrection." 
This  substitution  will  secure  what-we  desire  without-the 
notification  of-the-others.  They  demand  the  exclusion 
of  every  fraction  of-the  valuable  matter  from -the  bill. 
These  transgressions  threaten  the  protraction  of-the 
feud  to  future  generations.  You-may  hinder  the  for- 


236  FIXAL    HOOKS 

mation  and  execution  of  new  plans  of  transportation. 
The  revolution  threatens  the  extinction  of-the  nation. 
His  wide  reputation  was-a  revelation  to  me. 

REVIEW. 

The  fulfillment  of-his  obligation  with-relation  to-the 
collection  of  proofs  and-the  correction  of  errors,  will 
save  the  business  from  destruction.  Your  apparent  dis- 
satisfaction occasioned  his  admission  as-to-his  part  in- 
the  transaction.  It-will-not-\y&  difficult  to  put  plenty 
of  money  into  circulation  by-this  mode  of  distribu- 
tion. I-had-not  supposed  that-the  government  museum 
would-be  so  great  a  permanent  attraction.  We-do-not- 
knovv  the  signification  of-the  inscription  nor  of  what  the 
figure  is-a  representation.  He-has  great  admiration  for- 
those  of-his  countrymen  who-are  men  of  unquestioned 
distinction.  Can-there-be  time  taken  hereafter  for-a 
particular  inspection  by  another-cne  of-the  mechanics? 
They -will -not  like  this  transgression  (on-thc)-one-hand 
nor-i\\e  consequent  prohibition  (on-thc)-othcr-hand. 
You-should  give  some  attention  to-the  preservation  of- 
your  health.  For-instance,  you-cannot  with  impunity 
transgress  the  doctor 's  orders  in-relation  to-a  reduction 
in-your  hours  of  work.  He-will  lecture  on-the  effect  of- 
such  legislation  on-the  production  and  distribution  of 
wealth.  His  exclusion  from-the  notification  is  men- 
tioned as-a  cause  of-the  resignation.  This  generation 
has  seen  manv  modifications  in-the  modes  of  transporta- 
tion. Their  latest  publications  showed  a  degeneration 
in-their  business.  A  fraction  of-the  report  was-not 
satisfactory  and  they-will-not  accept  it.  The  harm 
in-the  resurrection  and  protraction  of-this  quarrel  is 
beyond  calculation.  You-do-not  heed  the  disapproval 
of-your  affectionate  and  beloved  friends,  \-approve  of- 
the  substitution  they  speak-of.  They  hope-(to)-have 
your  co-operation  hereafter  in-this  work  of  reformation. 
The  revolution  doicn- there  positively  was-not  brought 
about  b\-our  co-operation.  The  revelation  resulted  in- 
the  extinction  of-all  hope-of  renewing  our  privileges. 
You-do-not  intelligently  profit  by-his  determination  to- 


FINAL    HOOKS  237 

be  straightforward,  or  you-would  call- forth  a  dovsii.- 
right  confession  of-the  delinquency.  You-had-not  seen 
that-the  ladies-(and)-gentlemen  (on) -either-hand  were 
uninterested  in-the  phenomenon.  Have-not  all  come  to 
Philadelphia  at-their-o-wn  expense?  I-have-not  gone- 
there  except  when  \L\\e\-were-not  believed  to-be  at-home. 
He-went  to  Richmond  and  has-been-there  and  in  Ken- 
tucky since  that  eventful  year.  By-their-own  efforts 
they-have  meanwhile  progressed  further-than  many 
ivtio-have-liad-tlie  most  careful  attention.  We-may- 
( have) -been  previously  informed,  but  having  no  hope- 
of  making-the  business  profitable,  we-(haye)-been 
indifferent.  Don' t-you-kno\v  that  every-one-else  except- 
ing-the  southerner  had  witnessed  some  of-the  phenom- 
ena? The  questioner  asked  the  doctor  what-the  effect 
on-the  organism  would-be.  We-(have)-been-there 
often  but  accidentally  missed  you  each  time.  I-approve 
of-the  behavior  of-these  private  soldiers,  ivhoever  may 
set-forth  objections. 


23S 


FINAL    HOOKS 


LESSON  LXXIII 

Shon-Hook  Signs  Followed  by  Other  Strokes 

178.  A  simple  stroke  may  be  joined  to  a  large  final 
hook: — optional,  national. 

179.  Words  having  only  vowels  besides   the   shon- 
syllable,  and  derivatives  of  words  ending  in  sh,  are  writ- 
ten with  SHn  instead  of  shon: — ocean,  Russian. 


Exercise  143. 


L  ? 


J 


1 

JL/2:     -°  J 

^.      (  , 

o^/- 

\    • 

/  V  J  *' 

) 

/                  x  /x-  

^  }^,.^ 

/      /  f          \>—  v\y 

0 

patiently 

(,68) 

sectional 

precautionary 

rational-ly 

educational 

visionary 

5rrational-ly 

(«79) 

(128) 

emotional 

comm-ission 

missionary 

auctioneer 

ashen 

passionate 

optional 

Prussian 

protectionist 

constitutional 

diminution 

elocutionist 

conditional 

admonition 

FINAL    HOOKS  239 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

exceptional-ly  sPshn-L  fashionable      Fshn-B  3 

objectionable    o-Bshn-B  fractional          Frshn-L  3 

prohibitionist    Pr-Bshn-St  revolutionary  Lshn-R  3 

dictionary          Dshn-R  revolutionist    Lshn-St  3 

additional          Dshn-L  3  intentional       Nt-Nshn-Li 

Exercise  144. 

It  seemed  the  creation  of-a  visionary  mind.  As-a 
prohibitionist  he-\vill-not  relinquish  a  fractional  part-of 
his  demands.  The  completion  of-the  purchase  is  op- 
tional with-us,  in  view  of-the  great  depreciation  in-the 
property.  His  parents  visit  him  occasionally  in-spite-of 
the  distance.  This  congressional  action  indicates  that- 
the  corporation  is-to-have  additional  rights.  I-gave  my 
promise  that-a  rational  moderation  would  positively  be 
observed.  He-has-a  passionate  love  for  giving  recollec- 
tions of-the  days  of  sectional  strife.  The  author  pa- 
tiently put  his  work  through-a  careful  revision,  and  it-is 
highly  esteemed  in  educational  circles.  I-understand 
that-his  acceptance  is  conditional,  requiring-the  adop- 
tion of  certain  revolutionary  methods.  I-was  intention- 
ally waiting  for-the  revision,  which-vvas  to-be  excep- 
tionally fine.  The  auctioneer  offered  an  unabridged 
dictionary  for-sale.  Revolution  occasionally  threatens 
the  national  unity.  They-are  leaving  for-a  fashionable 
summer  resort.  He-says  it-is-the  irrational  dissatisfac- 
tion of-the  revolutionists  which  finds  so  much  objection- 
able matter  in-the  reports.  They-will  freshen  the  bou- 
quets and  add  to-them  some  of-these  carnations.  They 
fear  this  diminution  of-their  income  may  bring  them  to 
want.  The  admonition  was  unheeded  by-the  deputa- 
tion. 


240  FINAL    HOOKS 


Much  dissatisfaction  was  caused  by-these  extreme 
precautionary  measures.  We-(haA-e)-been  slower-than 
we  ought-(to)-have-been  in-the  accumulation  of  funds 
for-the  erection  of-the  building.  He  frequently  gives 
dictation  with  great  deliberation.  Traditional  doctrines 
are  sometimes  objectionable  to  revolutionists.  The  com- 
petition in-my  vocation  makes  the  work  out-of  propor- 
tion to-the  earnings.  Being  impatient  to  change  my 
occupation,  I  accepted  a  salary  wrhich-was  smaller-than 
I-had-been  receiving.  By-his  representation  only  a 
fractional  part-of  the  bill  is  constitutional.  We-did-not 
approve  of-his  desertion  from-the  delegation.  We-are 
nearer-than  we  supposed  to-the  end  of-our  negotiations. 
The  recitations  of-this  elocutionist  are  exceptionally 
good.  He-did-not  understand  that-his  evasion  of-our 
request  would  necessitate  its  reiteration.  Didn't-you- 
say  that  any  allusion  to-his  oration  by  any-one-else  must- 
be  made  with  caution  ?  A  dictionary  was  given  him 
as-an  additional  reward  for  hard  study.  In-my  estima- 
tion, the  variation  from-the  earlier  edition  is  infinitely 
smaller-than  must-(have)-been  expected.  For-their- 
own  sakes,  to  secure  a  progressive  development  (on-thc)- 
one-hand,  and  to  avoid  punishment  (on-thc)-other-hand, 
are-they-not  bound  to  abandon  this  downward  course  of 
transgressing  law?  These  forms. in-a  Congregational 
church  would-be  regarded  as  revolutionary.  We-cannot- 
think  it  doubtful  that  cultivation  by  irrigation  down-there 
in-that  country  has-been  his  ambition.  We-do-not  ex- 
pect-a  bountiful  harvest  in  Connecticut  this  year,  after- 
the  plentifiil  yield  of  last  summer.  He-says  he-is-a 
protectionist  and-a  prohibitionist.  We-tuould-(\\a\e}- 
been  -watchful  instead-of  neglectful  if  we-had-been 
aware-Gi  these  facts.  His  superficial  attainments  and 
even  his  positive  deficiencies  have-been  disregarded 
by-those  ivho-have-haA  charge  of-the  construction.  He 
attempts  to  explain  the  relation  of-the  emotional  to-the 
volitional  nature.  He-cannot  believe  that  it-was-an 
illusion  caused  by-a  skillful  Egyptian  magician.  You- 
do-not  doubt  that-the  time  is-at-hand  for  some-other-one 


FINAL    HOOKS  241 

of-our  countrymen  to-be  chosen  ?  My  remuneration  is- 
not  proportionate  to-the  labor  demanded.  The  location 
near  Greenfield  where  we  spent  our  vacation  was-a 
good  selection.  The  creation  of-our  constitution  was-a 
work  greater-than  republicanism  or  democracy  alone 
could  provide.  He  intentionally  lives  as  he-does,  say- 
ing that  he  prefers  to-be  unfashionable.  Can-there-be 
any  objection  to  inviting-the  southerner  to  remain-there? 


LESSON    LXXIV 

Eshon-Hoofc 

i  So.  A  small  back-hook  after  a  circle  at  the  end  of  a 
stroke  represents  shon  after  the  s-sound.  Its  name  is 
eshon  and  it  is  indicated  by  eshn  : 

N»       1  ^        ^ 

F>  fo  -  Q  —  p  ^  /       cT 

Pseshn  Tseshn    Kseshn       Fseshn         Rseshn     Mseshn 

possession  precision  vexation  sensation 

position  procession  physician  (I5^) 

opposition  decision  civilization       compensation 

supposition  accession  authorization  transition 

deposition  succession  rescission          condensation 

proposition  taxation  musician  dispensation 

181.  A  small  hook  joined  beside  an  n-hook  or  an 
f-hook  represents  a  following  shon  or  eshon  : 


ob 


Pfeshn    Pneshn     Mneshn       Tfeshn  Tneshn  Nneshn 

profession        pension  detention  invention 

provision          expansion  retention  convention 

abbreviation    combination  extension  alienation 

division             tension  origination  mansion 

derivation         contention  inclination  dimension 

TAYLOR-I6. 


242  FIXAL    HOOKS 

182.  The  eshon-hcrok  may  be  used  after  a  steh-loop: 

4  V, 

Tst-eshn  Fst-eshn 

attestation       detestation      protestation       manifestation 

183.  When  it  is  necessary  to  write  a  vowel  which  is 
sounded  just  before  the  eshon-hook,  the  sign  is  placed 
beside  the  hook  ;  position  cannot  be  shown  : 

Lu-  U>n  cY» 

devotion  diffusion  persuasion 

184.  fss  joined  to  an  eshon-hook  is  written  inside  the 
hook  : 

decisions  musicians  pensions 

physicians  conversations         divisions 

185.  A  stroke  may  follow  an  eshon-hook: 


conversational     transitional      devotional      professional 

Exercise  145. 
*.     I  •-—  -s     v  '\      i  -  e    * 

.s^  _  -n  ^^       •     n  N^,  \^O 


FINAL    HOOKS  243 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

specification  sPseshn  accusation          Kseshn  3 

comprehension  Prneshn  classification     Klseshn 

apprehension  Prneshn  3  organization      Gnseshn  i 

capitalization  K-Plseshn  disorganization 

justification  Jseshn  Ds-Gnseshn    i 

suggestion  sjseshn  investigation     N-Vseshn 

generalization  Jnseshn  ornamentation  Rneshn 

acquisition  Kseshn    i  imposition         MPseshn   I 

PHRASING. 

1 86.  The  eshon-hook  may  be  used  for  than  in 
phrases  : 

faster  than     less  than      no  less  than      not  less  than 

Exercise  146. 

The  physician  says  these  sensations  are  the  manifesta- 
tion of-a  wrong  condition.  Cold  causes  the  condensa- 
tion of-the  moisture  in-the  air  and  heat  brings  about  its 
expansion  and  diffusion.  His  detention  was  caused  by 
professional  business.  He-had  taken  not-less-than  a 
dozen  depositions  in-regard  to-the  invention.  Accusa- 
tions of  dishonesty  in  obtain  ing- a  pension  were  made 
against  him.  Our  affairs  are  in-a  transitional  state,  but 
there  need  be  no  apprehension  for  our  safety.  He 
marked  off  the  dimensions  with  great  precision  before 
commencing-the  specification.  The  child  is  required  to 
find  the  derivation  of  some  words  and-the  forms  of  ab- 
breviation for  others.  Investigation  showed  the  tension 
of-the  machine  too  tight.  How  to  regard  the  loss  of- 
such  tiresome  generalizations  as- a  deprivation  is  beyond 
my  comprehension.  With-this  excellent  provision  for- 
your  instruction,  you  ought  to  progress  faster-than 
you-do.  His  proposition  for-the  ornamentation  of-the 


244  FINAL    HOOKS 

building  aroused  much  opposition  and  contention.  His 
suggestions  were  in-relation  to-a  better  organization, 
the  acquisition  of  new  members,  and-the  capitalization 
of  stock.  The  authorization  of-a  loan  was  made,  but 
for-an  amount  less-than  we-had  hoped.  The  society's 
general  state-of  disorganization  explains  his  alienation 
from  it.  There-were  no-less-than  twenty  associations 
represented  in-the  convention.  He-says-the  acquisition 
of  wealth  is-an  extension  of  power.  The  papers  in-his- 
possession  fully  show  my  justification  for-the  classifica- 
tion employed.  He  conducted  the  devotional  exercises 
in-his  usual  pleasant  conversational  tone. 

REVIEW. 

My  suggestion  was  that-the  choice  of  persons  for-the 
procession  be  ma.<\efrom-their-o-d;n  musicians.  My  sup- 
position is  that  he  delights  in-the  study  of-such  phe- 
nomena no-less-than  in-the  practice  of-his  profession. 
It-is  my  belief  that-the  rescission  of-the  contract  is-not-a 
justification  for-the  retention  of-the  money.  My  deci- 
sion after  our  arrival  was  that  we  ought-(to)-have  a 
visit  to-the  mansion  since  it-was  less-than  a  mile  away. 
Jefferson's  position  was  (to-a)-great-extent  a  vexation 
to-him  in-spite-of  his  devotion  to-the  business.  You- 
may-(  have) -been  assured  that-the  legalization  of  mon- 
opoly and-the  centralization  of-the  money  power  would 
bring  about  a  succession  of  disasters.  He-may-(have)- 
been  told  by-the  secretary  that-the  association  would 
have-a  large  representation  in-the  union.  With  some 
persuasion  w£-zf0«/^-(have)-been  willing  to  accept  the 
proposition  with-the  offered  compensation,  even  against 
our  inclination.  We-(have)-been-there  in-their-own 
emplov  a  long  time,  and  have-been  -watchful.  We- 
have  made  protestations  against  the  taxation  of  members 
in-this  division.  His  error  was  no-other-than  a  mere 
mistake  in  capitalization  or  punctuation.  He-was  pain- 
fully conscious  that-a  genteel  but  downright  refusal 
wa.»-the  answer  to-his  application.  We-would-(have)- 


FIXAL    HOOKS  245 

been  glad  if  he-had-had-the  written  accusation  in-his- 
possession.  When  you-(have)-been-there  a  short-time 
you-will-be  so  proficient  that  you-cannot  consider  your- 
self a  beginner.  Not-less-than  a  month  should-be  de- 
voted to-the  investigation  of-this  combination  for-their- 
own  sakes.  The  classification  of-these  organic  speci- 
mens is  progressing  faster-than  I- feared  it- might.  I- 
understand-you-(to)-say  that-the  specification  does-not 
include  the  ornamentation  of-the  front  of-the  building. 
He-'ivill-have  no  apprehension  of  failure  in-his  schemes 
for-the  acquisition  of  wealth.  At-all-events  he-will-be 
hopeful  that-the  business  will-be  profitable.  The  dis- 
position to-such  imposition  is  beyond  my  comprehension, 
and  it-Tvill-have-a.  bad  effect  upon- the  behavior  of-the 
juvenile  portion  of-the  community.  His  generalizations 
on-the  value  of  organization  are-not  consistent  with-the 
state-of  disorganization  in-his-own  business.  He-is  ac- 
credited with-the  origination  of-these  Saturday  conver- 
sations. The  world  has  seen  every  transition  from  bar- 
barism to  civilization.  The  governor  of-the  state-of 
California  was  in-the  city-of  Sacramento  at-the-ti'me. 
It  devolves  upon  us  to  spea^-of-ihe  situation  truthfully 
and  -without  exaggeration.  She  spoke-of  the  differ- 
ences that  ought-(to)-have-been  noticed  on-this-occa- 
sion. 


LESSON  LXXV 
Tive-Hook 

187.  A  large  final  hook,  on  straight  strokes  only,  on 
the  side  opposite  the  circle-side,  represents  the  syllable 
tive.     Its  name  is  tit),  and  it  is  indicated  by  tv. 

^        J       c/       ^         /"  ^ 

Ptv          Ttv         CHtv          Ktv  Rtv        Htv 

1 88.  Where  the  tive-syllable  follows  a  curved  con- 


246 


FINAL     HOOKS 


sonant,  a  half  length,  a  brief  sign,  or  a  hook,  it  must  be 
represented  by  Tf  or  by  V. 


motive  sensitive  plaintive 

Exercise  147. 


VX  ~^N  ^A   k  X    J 


=y— 
/?  ^  —  g 

—  y- 

<        ^~^P     *\ 

j    r               —  i 
\         ^^-^         jf 

'    \^l 

creative 
captive 
deceptive 
comparative 
superlative 
(sPrltv) 
preparative 
co-operative 
combative 
intuitive 
nutritive 

authoritative 
fugitive 
adjective 
(J-Ktv) 
executive 
def-ective 
lucrative 
figurative 

(177) 

operatives 

relatives 

*Xl    tfv 

(178) 

captivity 
receptivity 
(168) 
comparatively 
intuitively 
(128)    ' 
effectively 
consecutively 
figuratively 
def-ectively 

~     \^ 

(188) 
positive 
furtive 
consumptive 
native 
narrative 
attent-ive 
invent-ive 
suggest-ive 
digest-ive 
substant-ive 

FINAL    HOOKS  247 

ABBREVIATION  AND  POSITION. 

representative  R-Ptv  productive  Pr-Dtv 

respective  R-sPtv  productiveness  Pr-Dtv-Xs 

irrespective  R-sPtv  imaginative  M-Jtv 

prospective  Pros-Ptv  active  3 

perspective  Prs-Ptv  inactive  3 

objective  o-Btv  actively  3 

subjective  sBtv  activity  Ktv(3)-T 

attractive  Trtv  3  descriptive  sKrtv   I 

instructive  in-sTrtv  collective  I 

destructive  D-sTrtv  collectively  I 

restrictive  R-sTrtv  corrective  I 

Exercise  148. 

Our  restrictive  measures  have-been  effective  in  hold- 
ing captive  all-of  the  fugitives.  The  class  is  required 
to  write  the  positive,  the  comparative,  and-the  superla- 
tive degrees  of-a  long  list  of  adjectives.  I-knew  intui- 
tivelv  that-the  efforts  of-this  representative  would-be 
productive  of  good.  He-will  speak  instructively  on-the 
motives  brought  out  in-the  narrative.  His  words  are 
authoritative  and  instructive,  and  his  listeners  are  al- 
ways attentive.  In  view  of-his  prospective  resignation, 
we-must  all  be  active.  A  reflective  man  is-not  always 
inactive,  for  reflection  usually  arouses  to  activity.  An 
intuitive  sense  of-the  true  motive  should  act  as-a  pro- 
tective influence  against  deceptive  appearances.  His 
suggestive  remarks  will  effectively  overcome  all  influ- 
ences creative  of  disturbance.  His  words  relative  to- 
that  subject  were  figurative.  Shall-I  respond  to-the 
charges  collectively  or  take  them  one  by  one  consecu- 
tively ?  The  young  man  will-be  kept  actively  at  work 
as-a  corrective  of-his  speculative  tendencies.  He-has 
relatively  more  knowledge  on-account-of-his  greater  re- 


248  FINAL     HOOKS 

ceptivity  and  better  memory.  It- is  comparatively  easy 
to  train  this  bird  to  live  and  sing  in  captivity.  Inventive 
work  is  attractive  to-him.  I-shall  use-the  argument  ir- 
respective of-the  fact  that  it-will-be  destructive  of-my- 
own  hopes.  He  teaches  that  all  trouble  is  subjective 
and  not  objective.  The  papers  will-be  signed  by-the 
parties  respectively.  The  dim  perspective  gives  oppor- 
tunity for-the  imaginative  faculty.  He-is  defective  in 
imagination  and  descriptive  power. 

REVIEW. 

The  pardoning  power  is-the  prerogative  of-the  execu- 
tive department.  The  questioner  called-forth  the  state- 
ment that  Rhode  Island  was  smaller-than  the  state-of- 
Indiana.  Pupils  must-have  receptive  minds  or-the  in- 
structive words  of-the  teacher  will-be  ineffective.  We- 
Di a\-( have )-been  (to-a)-great-extent  conscious  of-the 
deficiency  without  being  powerful  enough  to  overcome 
it  perfectly.  What-is-the  relative  productiveness  of-the 
respective  fields  which-have-been  shown  us?  You-w<n'- 
(have)-been  bountiful  toward everyone-else ,  but  my-im- 
presston-is  that-the  poverty  of  Nicholson  testifies  against 
you.  After  some  hesitation  he  cast  a  furtive  glance  at 
us,  for  he-was  sensitive  to-our  opinion.  Would-you- 
(have)-been  able-to  derive  any  benefit  out-of  the  cir- 
cumstance -if-you-had  known  it  previously?  He-was 
inactive  unless  doing  imitative  work,  for  \\e-had-not  an 
imaginative  nature.  What-wotild-(\\^.\e)-\>e.en  a  plenti- 
ful supply  to  any-one-else  was  accepted  with  hesitation 
by  Stephen.  His  objective  point  is-the  home  of-his 
childhood  and  young  manhood  in-his  native  country 
where  his  relatives  still  live.  fou-would-(\u\\e)-bee\\ 
worthy  of-otir  approval  -whichever  course  you  took. 
Some  of-the  operatives  who- have-been  engaged  are  too 
talkative.  Would-you-(have)-been  in  Greenfield  if 
reduced  rates  of  transportation  to-the  exhibition  had- 
been  granted  ?  The  negative  attitude  of-our-own  rep- 
resentative has-been  productive  of  great  harm.  We- 
(have)-been-there  since-thc  fact  of-this  delinquency  was 


FINAL     KOOKS  249 

divulged  to-us,  but  all-of  our  efforts  were  unavailing. 
Your  view  of  life  cannot-have  my  approval.  I-prefer 
the  outward  and  upward  look  rather-than  the  inward 
and  downward.  It-is  imperative  to-have  both  perspec- 
tive and  breadth.  They  derive  little  benefit  from  such 
doubtful  privileges.  He-had-a  lucrative  position  with- 
the  Co-operative  Union  in  Danville.  I  accidentally 
discovered  the  bird  sitting  above-their  heads  and  out-of- 
their  reach.  Your  absence  for  so  many  consecutive 
days  will-be  destructive  of-your  influence  irrespective 
of  any  excuses.  She-had-the  gifts  attractively  arranged 
and  marked  with-the  names  of-the  three  children 
respectively.  Corrective  measures  will-be  actively  em- 
ployed. Attractive  appointments  in-a  work  room  are 
creative  of  interest  and  activity  in-the  workers.  The 
cases  will-be  considered  collectively  and  restrictive 
measures  adopted.  His  letter  is  descriptive  of-his  pros- 
pective home. 


LESSON  LXXVI 

Conflicting-  Words 

Ilitc. — Distinguish  by  vowels,  position,  shading,  outline  or 
careful  writing. 

plans,  balance  scant,  second 

appearance,  principle  grain,  corn 

principles,  remembrances  immigrant,  emigrant 

train,  turn  often,  even 

pertain,  appertain  finely,  finally 

Martin,  Morton  man,  men 

Hamilton,  Milton  assign,  sign 

did  not,  had  not  demonstration,  admini- 
general,  John  stration 

gentlemanly,  gentle  restrictive,  restorative 

ingenuous,  ingenious  protection,  production 

can,  cannot  amount,  account 


250  FINAL    HOOKS 

Esmond,  Raymond  defer,  defray 

settlement,  statement  divers,  diverse,  adverse 

prominent,,  permanent,  operation,  oppression 

pre-eminent  transaction,  transgression 

opinion,  information  prospective,  perspective 

forenoon,  afternoon  prohibition,  approbation 

speak  of,  spoke  of  station,  situation 

city  of,  state  of  desolation,  dissolution 

device,  advice  innovation,  invasion 

devise,  advise  elegant,  eloquent 

Exercise  149. 

I-have  somehow  gained  the  information  that  Esmond 
is  pre-eminent  for  gentlemanly  manners.  He-did-not 
desire  to  store  any  grain  in-the  barn  I-speak-of.  Gen. 
Martin  often  gave  them  remembrances  of-his  campaigns. 
John  and-I  spent  hours  this  afternoon  taking-a  perspec- 
tive view  of-our  lives.  Raymond  was  giving  attention 
this  forenoon  to-the  settlement  of  divers  accounts.  Xo 
adverse  opinion  is  easily  gained  by  one  in-his  situation". 
I-am  indifferent  to  Hamilton's  approbation,  and  shall 
demand  a  statement  of-the  amount,  as  I-said.  He-is 
ingenious  enough  to  devise  a  way  to  stop  these  opera- 
tions. The  man  can-not  receive-a  second  supply  of 
funds  at-once,  and  ought  to  defer  these  charges.  In 
appearance,  the  advice  is  good.  His-is  a  life  without 
balance,  and  he  turns  his  mind  to  every  innovation  of 
custom,  as-if  it  brought  a  permanent  dissolution  of  the 
old  order.  Anything  pertaining  to-the  State-of-New- 
York  is  of  interest  to-him.  I-shall  assign-the  note  and- 
the  mortgage  to  John.  He-was  finely  trained  by-his 
experiences  and  became  invaluable  to-us.  The  men 
bought  the  corn  I-spoke-of  and  shipped  it  to-the  State-of 
Washington.  The  demonstration  was-a  good  one.  It- 


FINAL     HOOKS  251 

\vas-an  eloquent  address.  His  administration  illustrates 
the  value  of  restorative  methods  in  prison  reform.  Snow 
is  useful  in-the  protection  of-the  wheat.  The  transgres- 
sion met  with  much  disapproval.  Many  of-the  immi- 
grants perished  on-the  journey. 

Exercise  ijo. 

MISCELLANEOUS    WORDS. 

Eden,  don,  cone,  feign,  supine,  Satan,  sullen,  siren, 
glean,  strewn,  saffron,  sovereign,  Steuben,  stamen, 
yearns,  hones. 

Abound,  atoned,  deigned,  convened,  vent,  rind, 
scanned,  consonant,  blunt,  flaunt,  brunt,  screened,  af- 
front, blends,  chintz,  glands,  flints,  anoints. 

Colon,  cologne,  tighten,  talon,  deaden,  bobbin,  aspen, 
villain,  enchain,  automaton,  feminine,  Neptune,  mono- 
tone, Armenian,  Arcadian,  subjoin,  semitone,  Lisbon, 
Jocelyn,  disjoin,  disdain,  craven,  plebeian,  Brighton, 
flagon,  overrun,  Mormon. 

Cogent,  piquant,  pageant,  opulent,  unassigned,  un- 
feigned, maligned,  solvent,  thickened,  elephant,  regent, 
malevolent,  raiment,  sacrament,  tegument,  redolent, 
despond,  indigent,  ointment,  abatement,  abscond,  base- 
ment, assortment,  incipient,  purloined,  unl-eavened, 
unre-fined,  orphaned,  serpent,  fervent,  ferment,  sharp- 
ened, predicament. 

Flinty,  minion,  Toynbee,  granary,  can-on,  ungainly, 
cleanly,  append-age,  phantasy. 

Doff,  chafe,  quaff,  rife,  heave,  clef,  trough,  breve, 
gruff,  swerves,  toughen,  Bavaria,  devotee,  revel,  di- 
vorce, dived,  raved,  grieved,  gloved,  tufts,  rifts. 

Effusion,  ovation,  elation,  corrosion,  accretion,  secre- 
tion, dilution,  ejection,  optician,  pollution,  abolition, 


252  FINAL    HOOKS 

inundation,  legation,  tactician,  decoction,  vacillation, 
abnegation,  abomination,  undulation,  infatuation,  in- 
fection, revocation,  absolution,  dissolution,  visitation, 
elucidation,  aggression,  derision,  edification,  penetra- 
tion, deterioration,  causation  (i),  apposition,  indecision. 
Montgomery,  Atlanta,  Charleston,  New  Haven, 
Wilmington,  Kansas  City  (Knss-sT),  New  Orleans 
(Nrlns),  Portland,  Burlington,  Dover,  Cleveland, 
Arkansas,  Kentucky,  Maine,  Montana,  Oregon,  Wis- 
consin. 

REVIEW. 

?/<??^-zf(?«/fl?-(have)-been-there  if-they-had  given  you 
a  truthful  impression  without  exaggeration.  Bradley 
ought-(to)-have-\\'<\&  some  information  in-relation  to- 
these  prospective  additions.  Such-have-been  my  con- 
clusions as-to-the  construction  and  valuation  of-the 
building.  He-will-have-hzd.  our  sanction,  cheerfully 
given,  as-his  justification.  The  phenomenon  must- 
(have)-been  intelligently  understood,  though-an  im- 
perfect description  was  given.  It-will-have- &  beauti- 
ful private  roadway  which-will-have  no  obstrttction 
to-the  view  in-the  direction  of-the  mansion.  The 
duration  of-the  contract  was  under  consideration,  and 
some  additional  features  were  thought  objectionable. 
Such  organisms  ought-(to)-have-been  put  in-a  different 
classification.  They  gave-their  opinions  as-to-the  super- 
ficial area  of-the  respective  fields  and  their  productive- 
ness. £/Wz7-the  years  of-his  manhood  he  lived  in 
California.  Such-have-been-the  awful  effects  of-the 
protraction  of-these  revolutionary  measures  whereof  "I- 
speak,  that  there-is  little  indication  or  hope-of  benefit 
from  any  restrictive  legislation.  His  observations  with- 
relation  to  my  application  for-the  sittiation  were  kind 
and  gentlemanly,  and  I  cheerfully  took  his  suggestions. 
The  roof  ought-(to)-have-had  perpendicular  supports 
in-the  front  at-all- events.  I  intentionally  gave  expres- 
sion to  my  satisfaction  with-the  modifications  in-the 
classification.  Whoever  meets  me  at-thc  junction  will 


FINAL    HOOKS  253 

furnish  means  of  transportation.  It-is-the  expectation 
that  Tve-are-(to)-have  these  as-an  additional  attraction 
in-the  exhibition.  In  five  years  it-will-have-been  a 
generation  since-the  destruction  of-the  town.  They- 
were  actively  engaged  in-the  correction  of-the  errors. 
The  perpendicular  beams  ivhich-have-bee\\  used  are 
more  economical.  The  intention  is  to  see  those  ivho- 
ha-ve  made  the  prohibition.  They  cheerfully  gave  us 
the  instructions,  irrespective  of  any  facts  mentioned. 
We-are-(to)-have  a  beautiful  home  in-the  state-of- 
Indiana.  Those  vvho-have  imperfect  lessons  are  an  ob- 
struction to-the  progress  of-the  class.  My  hope-of  se- 
curing-the  situation  whereof  they  write  is  small.  They- 
are  considerations  whieh-have-not-been  well  weighed. 
^Nz-hopc-(to)-have  many  expressions  of  satisfaction 
and  much  active  help.  The  instructions  which-have- 
been  given  will  stimulate  the  imagination  in  no  objec- 
tionable way.  Such-have-been-the  indications  of-his 
activity  in-my  behalf  that  I-feel  under  obligations  to 
give  notification  before  my  resignation.  In  September 
it-will-have-been  two  years  since-the  election  of-this  rep- 
resentative. Things  which-have-been  said  have  given 
the  impression  that-his  sanction  would-be  obtained. 
They  mentioned  the  buildings  which-have-had  careful 
inspection.  It-is-a  conclusion  which-will-have-been 
reached  without  full  information.  My  recollection-is 
that  in  August  he-will-have-been  in  active  service  ten 
years.  With-the  exception  of-this  inscription  I-can  give 
the  signification  of  everything  in-the  collection. 


PREFIX  AND  AFFIX  SIGNS 

LESSONS  LXXVII— LXXX 


255 


LESSON   LXXVII 
Prefix  Signs 

189.  Abbreviated  or  arbitrary  forms  are  used  for 
many  prefixes  and  affixes.  The  following  are  exam- 
ples of  prefix  signs: 

a.  For  con,  com,  or  cog,  beginning  a  word,  a 

'°\ 
•dot:     •-*-*  -  A  —  "^  J*^   command,  conspire,  cognizant. 

composure  comfort"  conciliate 

.    composition  confront  comm-emoration 

construe  conference  concentr-ation 

condescend  concession  comm-ander 

congenial.  concise  comm-unication 

conjecture  conscience  comm-endable 

congratulation  comm-ission  comm-endation 

conflict  (  1  13)  cognizance  conservative 

b.  For  con,  com,  cog,  cum,  in  the  middle  of  a 
word,  a  space  : 

I          I     X    ^~~1- 

l\       hi  _  L!    decompose,  discontent,  incognito  ; 

L.     irreconcilable,  nonconducting; 
!•        unconscious,  accommodate; 


L 


N 

TAYLOR — 17.  257 


unrecompensed,  disencumber. 


258  PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGNS 

ac-com-plice  un-con-ditional  unre-comm-ended 

ac-com-pany  un-con-trolled  dis-comm-ode 

ac-comm-odate  en-com-passed  dis-comTposed 

in-com-bustible  non-comm-ittal  pre-con-ceived 

c.    For  contra,  contro,  contri,  counter,  a  dash : 
.  L !l^ contradict,  controvert ; 


— N-  _          i-^ contribute,  countermand. 

counterpart  counterfeit  counterpoise 

contribution  counterfeiter  controversial 

counterbalance  controversy  countersign 

counteract  3  counterplot  countermarch 

d.  For.  circum,  self,  a  circle  disjoined: 

*— y 

. x.       °l->        circumscribe,  circumvent ; 

__J ^^,       self-interest,  self-evident. 

circumflex  self-possessed  selfish 

circumference  self-supporting  self-love 

circumlocution  self-denial  self-willed 

circumnavigation  self-esteem  self-reliant 

e.  For  tincircum,  uncontra,  unself,  N  preced- 
ing the  required  prefix  sign : 

^/        uncircum scribed,  unselfish  ; 

*>—• 

L  uncontradicted. 


PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGNS 

Exercise  151. 


259 


Note.  — In  some  cases  the  character  of  the  outline  for  the 
part  of  tlie  word  following  con-  or  com-  makes  it  preferable  to 
represent  the  first  syllable  by  K-M ^or  Kn. 

co-mma       co-me-dy       co-mmodious 
comic          comrade        co-mmotion 
conic  commerce   co-mmiss-ary 


co-mmise-rate 

co-mmise-ration 

Conrad 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

Not6. — The  colon  as  used  below  indicates  that  the  signs  are 
disjoined. 


circumspect 

circumspection 

unaccomplished 

comprehensible 

incomprehensible 

contradictory 

contradiction 

commissioner 

conscientious 

commercial 

self-justification 

self-accusation 

self-respect 

self-satisfied 


circum  :sP 

circum  rsPshn 

N:Pl-SHt 

.Prns-B 

N:Prns-B 

contra  :D-R 

contra  :Dshn 

.SH-R 

.SH-N 

K-Mr 

self :  Jseshn 

self  :Kseshn  3 

self:Rs-P 

self  :sT  3 


26O  PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGNS 

Exercise  132 

You  deserve  great  commendation  for-the  concentra- 
tion of  effort  vvhich-could  accomplish  such-a  result.  It- 
is-a  comfort  to  know  that  our  action  has-been  confirmed 
without  conflict  or  controversy.  Through  self-love  and 
self-interest  he-will  confront  great  perils.  Your  un- 
selfish conduct  in-the  face  of-this  contradiction  is  very 
commendable.  Neither  self-respect  nor  conscience  will 
allow  anv  concessions  or  circumlocutions  for-the  pur- 
pose of  circumventing  their  design.  How  one  could 
condescend  to  lend  himself  as-an  accomplice  to-such-an 
act  is  incomprehensible  to  me.  The  letter  making  pay- 
ment contingent  upon  success  was-a  counterfeit  com- 
munication. He-was  so  self-satisfied  as-to-be  uncon- 
scious of-the  fact  that-his  seeming  condescension  arose 
from  selfishness.  I-can  vvait^here  with  composure,  be- 
ing out-of-the  confusion  and  commotion' of-the  busy 
streets.  In-spite-of  my  circumspection  I-fear  I-have 
made  statements  contradictory  to-yours.  The  court 
will  take  cognizance  of-the  existence  of-the  commission. 
He-was  conscientious  in  seeking  to  counterbalance  your 
influence  in  congress.  Conrad  will  accompany  him  to 
India  to  engage  in  commerce.  He  finds  self-justifica- 
tion in-the  fact  that-his  statement  to-the  commissioners 
is  still  uncontradicted.  Our  choice  of  material  for-the 
compositions  in  commemoration  of-our  independence  is 
uncircumscribed.  The  wheel  was  12  ft.  in  circumfer- 
ence. Though-the  rooms  are  commodious,  the  work  is 
still  unaccomplished.  A  comma  shotild-be  placed  be- 
fore and  after-the  clause.  His  self-esteem  will  insure 
circumspect  conduct  on-his  part.  Asbestos  is-an  in- 
combustible substance.  The  success  of-his  commercial 
career  is  quite  comprehensible  to  me.  The  power  of 
remorse  is  in  self-accusation. 


PREFIX    AXD    AFFIX    SIGNS  26 1 

REVIEW. 

I  congratulate  you  and  your  comrades  on-your  action 
in  competing  with  them  in-the  commercial  world.  I- 
was  conscientious  in  giving-a  description  without  draw- 
ing upon  my  imagination.  I  concede  that  we-are  under 
obligation  to-be  circumspect  and  avoid  the  protraction 
of-these  complexities.  It-was  my  expectation  that  your 
sell-denying  conduct  would-not-be  unconnected  with 
danger.  The  commander,  after-the  conquest  of-the 
army  and-the  rediiction  of-the  town,  treated  the  con- 
quered citizens  with  great  consideration.  By-the  use 
of-a  concordance  they-were  comparing  passages  referred 
to  as  contradictory.  Though  encompassed  with  diffi- 
culties and  threatened  with  destruction,  his  self-respect 
and  determination  would-not  permit  him  to  retreat. 
The  writing  of-these  compositions  is  compulsory,  but 
Augusta's  work  is  still  unaccomplished.  It  seems  in- 
comprehensible how  things  can  so  conspire  against  the 
preservation  of-this  fine  collection.  The  new  commis- 
sioner seems  to  find  selt-justijication  for-his  intention, 
but  he  deserves  our  commiseration.  My  opportunities 
for  congenial  work  5n-this  direction  are  some-uchat  cir- 
cumscribed. Being  cognizant  of-the  facts.  I-am  willing 
to  accommodate  you  to-the  exclusion  of-the-others.  I- 
shall  act  with  circumspection  in-my  conference  with 
them,  and  shall  say  nothing  to  counteract  your  infliience. 
He-made-a  concise  report  of-the  condition  of-the  patient 
as-to  fever  and  concomitant  symptoms.  He  defines  a 
comedy  as-a  play  that  ends  well.  The  vowel  is  marked 
with-a  circumflex.  He-has-the  distinction  of  having 
made  three  circumnavigations  of-the  globe.  The  com- 
missary was  ordered  to  advance  and  give  the  counter- 
sign. Inspection  shows  that-the  contract  is-the  counter- 
part of-this  except  as-to-the  valuation  on-the  construc- 
tion of-the  addition.  It-was  my-recollection  that  he- 
was  too  self-sufficient  to  endure  contradiction  or  re- 
strictive suggestions.  That-his  contribution  was  given 
from-a  selfish  desire  to  conciliate  us,  is  comprehensible 
to  me.  I-have  some  apprehension  that-the  compromise 
will  require  self-denial.  It-is-a  compliment  for  so  con- 


262 


PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGXS 


servative  a  person  to  accept  your  calculations  without 
investigation.  The  comical  creature  made  himself 
comfortable  as-a  self-invited  guest.  He-was  self-reliant, 
and  with-the  greatest  self-possession  demanded  an  un- 
conditional compliance.  They  concur  in-the  opinion 
that  langziage  of  so  self-evident  a  meaning  needs  no 
construing,  but  may-be  taken  in  its  ordinary  acceptation. 
His  observations  all  related  to-the  duration  of-the  con- 
tract. 


.     LESSON  LXXVIII 

Prefix  Signs — Continued 
f.    For  fore,  for,  F  disjoined : 

\g      forefinger,  forestall.- 


forego 
foretell 

g- 


forethought  forearm 

foresee  forefather 

For  inter,  intro,  enter,  Nt  disjoined: 
o 
^/C "-^"^-^    interline,  intermittent. 

intermingle     intermission       interlard       intertzrz'ne  (85) 
interlude          interlineation     interlaced    introvert 

h.    For  fore  and  inter,  in  many  cases  the  signs 
are  joined : 

A        forbear,  intercept; 


\ 


enterprise,  introduce. 


forebode 

foresight 

foreclose 

foreground 

unforseen 

forward 

forewarn 

forbid 


interrupt 

uninterrupted 

interpose 

intercept 

interpolate 

interpret 

entertain 

disinterested 


introduced 

intercourse 

interrogate 

interference 

interview 

interval 

international 

mtervocalization 


PREFIX.  AND    AFFIX    SIGNS  263 

i.    For  magnet,  magne,  magni,  M  disjoined: 

^  I         V_  magnanimous,  magnetic,  magnify. 

magnificent  magnesia 

masrnetism 


magnitude 

magnanimity       magnificence 

j.    For*  self-con,  self-corn,  a  circle  in  place  of 
the  con-dot: 


j Q^/ self-conceit,  self-conscious. 

self-control  self-confidence         self-convicted 

self-contained      self-condemned       self-complacent 

Exercise 


* 

reconcile 

incumbent 

disconsolate 

reconcilable 

unconstitutional 

discomfort 

reconciliation 

unconquerable 

discontinue 

recognize 

nob  compliance 

disconnect 

recompense 

irreconcilable 

misconstrue 

recommend 

unre-compensed 

misconduct 

reconstruction 

unre-cognized 

miscomputatio 

n    incomplete 

unre-conciled 

264  PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGNS 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

aforesaid  Fo-sD  interchangeable  Nt-CH-Bl 

intercession      Ntseshn  i  intersect  Nt-sKt  i 

entertainment  Nt-T-Mnt  intersection          Nt-sKshn  i 

introduction      Nt-Dshn  intermediate        Nt:Md   I 

introductory     Nt-D-R  foreknowledge    F:N-J 

PHRASING. 

190.    In  phrases,  a  con  or  com  may  be  represented  by 
a  space,  as  in  the  words  under  189  b. 

in  consequence     in  connection         in  conclusion 

in  consideration    in  conjunction       in  communication 

in  comparison       in  compliance       I  am  compelled 


Exercise 

Recognizing  his  self-sacrifice,  they-will  recompense 
him  in-a  magnificent  manner.  I-can  hardly  reconcile 
myself  to-the  thought  of  foregoing  this  pleasure  and  I 
foresee  that  my  brother  will-be  quite  disconsolate.  I-was 
forewarned  of-the  danger  by-your  magnanimous  inter- 
vention, and  so  was  forearmed  against  it.  I-am-com- 
pelled  to  suffer  much  discomfort  in-consequence  of-your 
non-compliance  with-my  request.  I-fear-the  reconcil- 
iation is  incomplete  ;  some  of-their  differences  seem 
irreconcilable.  They-have  misconstrued  my  language; 
when-the  words  are  rightly  interpreted  they-will-be  rec- 
oncilable with-my  conduct.  I  recommend  that  you  give 
the  work  to  Mr.  Williams  in-consideration  of-his  accom- 
modations to-us.  I-am  unrecompensed  for-the  work  in- 
connection  with-your  company.  His  misconduct  was  in 
intercepting  -the  letter.  We-are-compelled  to  discon- 
tinue our  visits,  however  much  we-may  regret  the  inter- 
ruption of-our  social  intercourse.  Our  offices  will-not 
accommodate  another  business  of  any  magnitude  with- 


PREFIX    AND    AEFIX    SIGNS  265 

out  interfering  with  our-own  interests.  I  considered 
that-the  interpolated  words  made-the  bill  unconstitu- 
tional, and  I  interposed  an  objection  to-its  introduction. 
I-was  unconscious  of-the  fact  that  there-was-a  miscom- 
putation  in-the  paper.  A  little  forethought  might-have 
forestalled  the  consequences.  The  words  may-be  used 
interchangeably.  I-had  to  interline  the  word  magnesia. 
I-am  in-communication  with  persons  interested  in-the 
aforesaid  reconstruction.  In-compliance  with-your  re- 
quest, I-will  wait  at-the  intersection  of-the  roads.  In- 
conclusion,  he-made  intercession  for-the  self-willed  and 
uncontrollable  culprit.  In-comparison  with-you,  he-is 
self-complacent  and  self-confident.  Our  pupils,  in- 
conjunction  with-those  in-the  intermediate  department, 
gave  an  entertainment  during-the  intermission. 

REVIEW. 

Anecdotes  of-the  days  of-our  forefathers  were  inter- 
mingled with -the  reading  of-the  inscriptions.  Your 
kindness  in  interceding  for  me  in-the  interview  is-not 
unrecognized  by  me.  This  distinction  is-a  reward,  in- 
consideration  of-your  foresight,  self-control,  and  deter- 
mination. On-account-of  an  unconquerable  dislike  for 
composition  writing,  George  magnifies  his  task.  Being 
interrogated  through-an  interpreter,  I-said  that-the  in- 
vestigations of-the  commission  had-been  uninterrupted. 
The  occurrence  was  so  disconcerting  that-the  entertain- 
ment was  interrupted.  I-will  act  \\\-conj unction  with- 
your  friends  in  securing  additional  legislation,  if-you- 
will  put  me  in-communication  with-them.  He  enter- 
tained us  in-the  interval  with  some  revelations  as-to-his 
activities  in-connection  with-the  enterprise.  We-are- 
compelled  to  admit  that-his  uncompromising  noncom- 
mittal attitude  ivas-not  unforeseen  by-us,  for  we-had-the 
foreknowledge  given  by  experience.  I-had  some  fore- 
bodings of-the  result  of-this  intercession,  but  my  discon- 
tent is  none-(the)-less  great.  I-am-compelled  to  recon- 
sider the  prospective  introductory  step  decided  upon  this 


266  PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGNS 

forenoon,  I-am  still  unreconciled  to-your  disconnecting 
yourself  frptn-the  firm  by-such-a  resignation.  The 
clause  is  incongruous  with-the  rest,  and  its  introduction 
as-a  substitution  is  incompatible  with-the  aforesaid 
agreement.  I-could-not  forbear  to  praise  your  playing 
of-that  interlude,  tor  it-was  incomparably  rendered. 
In-consequence  of-our  interference,  it-is  incumbent 
upon  us  to  carry  him  beyond-fat  intersection  of-the 
roads.  In-compliance  with-your  disinterested  sugges- 
tion, I-have  made-the  respective  interlineations  and 
corrections.  If-the  lines  are  produced  until  they  inter- 
sect, their  junction  will  form  an  obtuse  angle.  The 
figures  in-the  perspective  are  too  large  in-comparison 
with-those  in-the  foreground.  In-conclusion  he  intro- 
duced the  new  president  who  spoke  on  questions  of  in- 
ternational interest.  He-is-a  self-constituted  critic.  He 
orders  goods  of-an  intermediate  grade.  In-the  usual 
acceptation  of-the  words  they  amount  to-a  prohibition, 
and  are  destructive  of-our  hopes.  The  disorganization 
of-the  party  can-be  prevented  only  by-the  preservation 
of  unity  among  its  representatives.  The  signification 
of-the  characters  was-a  revelation  to-us.  His  publica- 
tions show  an  imaginative  nature.  The  acciisation 
was  that-the  agent  was  too  inactive.  There-was-an  in- 
structive and  exceptionally  attractive  display  of  farm 
productions  shown  by-the  new  organization.  The  pub- 
lication of-this  report  to-the  exclusion  of-ours,  irrespec- 
tive of-the  orders  of-the  organization,  is-an  intentional 
imposition.  His  words  were  instructive  and  set  us 
actively  to  work.  My  calculation  was  wrong  by-a  small 
fraction.  My  affectionate  aunt  did-not  notice  the  sub- 
stitution. The  business  is  in-a  state-of  disorganization 
and  degeneration.  The  notification  comes  to-the  mem- 
bers collectively. 


PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGNS  267 

LESSON  LXXIX 

Affix  Signs 

191.    The  following  are  examples  of  affix  signs: 

a.    For  ality,  ility,  arity,  etc.,  the  sign  for  the 
last  preceding  consonant  is  disjoined. 

ON  c-X 

\  \    / 


frugality,  formality,  liability. 

I       \         r\ 

K\      \          xo\^    disparity,  popularity,  prosperity. 

legality  credibility  feasibility 

prodigality  instability  regularity 

rascality  advisability  irregularity 

posterity  expansibility  plausibility 

principality  disability 

sensibility  responsibility 

b.    For  ble,  bly,   B  is  joined  when  Bl  cannot 
easily  be  written  : 

X         _  sensible,  accountable. 


forcible  unrea-sonable  irretrievable 

tenable  interminable(i8o.^)   responsible 

reasonable  incontestable  irresponsible 

c.  For  cial,  tial,  SH  is  joined  where  SHI  would 
be  inconvenient. 


—  N 


substantial,  provincial. 


presidential  penitential  credential 

potential  provid-ential  confidential 


268  PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGNS 

d.    You  fore,  for,  F  is  joined, 
therefore,  therefor. 


e.    For  ingly,  a  heavy  slanting  dash  is  disjoined 
like  ing-the. 

knowingly,  blushingly. 


charmingly  perseveringly          ti'ustingly 

amazingly.  lovingly  exceedingly 

f.    For  mental,  mentality,  the  ment  is  disjoined. 
V,x-^          \s~^      fundamental,  instrumental-ity. 


monumental  detrimental  sacramental 

supplemental  ornamental  elemental 


Exercise 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

experimental  sPr:Mnt  consequential  sKn-SH 

reprehensible  R-Prns-B  governmental   Gf:Mnt 

patentable  Pnt-B  3          .questionable     Kn(2)-B 

attainable  Tn-B  3  unquestion- 
circumstan-  able-y    N-Kn(2)-B 

tial-ly  sTn-SH3  inexcusable-y    N-sKs(3)-B 

capability  K:B  heretofore         Rt-F 

respectability  Rs-P:B  theretofore        DHrt-F 

indispensable  Nds-Pns-B  wherefore          wR-F 


PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGNS  269 

Exercise  Ij6. 

His  instability  in  business  and  his  prodigality  in-the 
use  of  money  are  inexcusable  and  will-be  detrimental 
to-his-own  interests.  He-was  sensible  enough  to  under- 
stand the  advisability  of  making  your  popularity  profit- 
able to-himself.  This  piece  of  rascality  is-a  forcible 
argument  against  the  feasibility  of-his  being  given  any 
governmental  responsibility.  Prosperity  is  possible  in 
any  business  wisely  chosen  and  perseveringly  followed. 
She  cares  for  her  little  brother  lovingly  on-account-of 
his  disability.  I-shall  trust  to  my  incontestable  right 
and-the  regularity  and  legality  of-my  claim.  You-had- 
the  ornamental  pieces  charmingly  arranged.  There- 
was-an  amusing  disparity  between-the  simple  manner 
of-the  child  and-the  formality  of-his  words.  Wherefore 
is-it  unreasonable  to  presume  that  you-have  some  liabil- 
ity to  error?  Such  conduct  is  reprehensible  and  you- 
will-be  held  accountable  for-this  irretrievable  loss  since 
you  knowingly  disregarded  instructions.  It-is  reasona- 
ble to  hope  that  our  object  is  attainable  through  his 
instrumentality.  He  progressed  amazingly  in-the  funda- 
mental principles  of-the  subject.  The  frugality  of-the 
people  theretofore  was  beyond  credibility.  Your  zeal 
is  pardonable  since  his  influence  seems-to-be  indispensa- 
ble to-the  success  of-the  presidential  campaign.  I-am 
responsible  for-the  statement  that-the  device  is  patent- 
able,  though  it-is  now  only  in-the  experimental  stage. 
He-was-a  man  of  great  capability  and  inflexible  pur- 
pose. He  lay  in-a  state-of  insensibility  and-the  arrival 
of-the  doctor  seemed  providential.  Only  circumstantial 
evidence  has-been  brought  in.  He  puts  his  answer  in- 
the  potential  mode.  We-can  get  plenty  of  irresponsible 
help  but  few  conscientious  and  thorough  workers. 


PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGNS 

Heretofore    it-has-been  very  questionable  whether    his 
respectability  would  save  him  from  an  exposure. 

REVIEW. 

This  supplemental  report  establishes  unquestionably 
his  great  capability.  The  expansibility  of  water  by 
heat  made  comprehensible  the  idea  of-a  steam  engine. 
I-am-compelled  to  admit  that  it-is-a  monumental  work 
-which-will  go  down  to  posterity.  The  affectionate 
child  spoke  pleadingly,  and  such  austerity  was  unnec- 
essary and  therefore  indefensible.  He  spoke  so  jest- 
ingly of-the  lamentable  situation  that  I-felt  at-once  the 
futility  of  placing  any  responsibility  upon  him.  He- 
has  keen  sensibilities  and  great  vitality,  and  cannot-be 
inactive.  The  accusation  is  that  he-is  too  irresponsible 
for-the  position  of  commissioner.  He-would  laughingly 
say  that  he-was  amenable  to  no  rules.  He-gave  a  de- 
scription of-the  magnificence  of-the  fashionable  scene. 
He-had-a  self -satisfied  and  consequential  air,  in-conse- 
quence  of-which  his  transgression  seemed  greater.  I- 
will-be  responsible  for-the  legality  of-these  commercial 
methods.  Very  alluringly  he  set-forth  our  prospects  of 
self-support  and  profitable  business.  The  sad  story  of 
unaccomplished  duty  was  interspersed  with  penitential 
sighs.  He-had-the  temerity  to  deny  the  plausibility 
of-the  stoiy  and  called  it  an  imaginative  production. 
His  generalizations  are  offered  as  finalities  and  ex- 
pected to  result  in-the  extinction  of-all  discussion. 
Such  brutality  is-a  most  reprehensible  transgression. 
Your  committee  has  well  performed  its  function  in-the 
ornamentation  of-the  rooms,  for  all-the  decorations  are 
attractive  and  pleasingly  arranged.  The  child  blush- 
ingly  received  mv  praises.  A  knowledge  of-the  fun- 
damental principles  of  stenography  are  attainable  in-a 
short-time,  but  much  practice  is  indispensable  to  profi- 
ciency in-the  art.  The  revolutionists  say  that  this  gen- 
eration will  see-the  extinction  or  modification  of  many 
things,  and-the  introduction  of  manv  reforms  in-connec- 
tion  with-the  government.  He  received  the  dictionary 
as-a  reward  for  faithful  study  in  common  fractions. 


PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGNS  271 

The  resurrection  of-these  destructive  ideas  has-been 
productive  of  great  harm.  Only  a  small  fractional 
part-of  the  land  has-such  productiveness.  Circumspec- 
tion \vill-be  used  in-the  introduction  of-these  corrective 
measures.  He  sends  a  long  account,  descriptive  of-the 
ornamentation  of-the  building.  They-ivill-\>e  circum- 
spect and  conscientious,  and  will  act  ^-conjunction 
with-us.  I-am-compelled  to-be  in-communication  with- 
the  aforesaid  commissioners  in  making  intercession  for- 
the  culprits.  The  reports  of-the  amount  of-the  capitali- 
zation are  contradictory.  These  revolutionary  aims  are 
incomprehensible  to-him.  The  picture  is  good  in  color 
and  perspective.  This  gift  to-the  society  is  in-con- 
sideration  of-your  collective  effort.  The  function  of- 
this  flexible  steel  is  that  of-a  spring.  In-compliance 
with-your  request  I-will  accept  the  aforesaid  proposi- 
tion. 


LESSON  LXXX 
Affix  Signs — Continued 

g.    For  ology,  alogy,  the  J  is  disjoined: 

^5 — -4- —  zoology,  mineralogy. 


Note.— An  added  syllable  is  shown  by  joining  its  sign  to  the 
disjoined  J : 

physiology  phrenologist  chronology 

"philology  phrenological  chronological 

theology  ornithological  genealogy 

theologian  etymology  genealogical 

anthropology  etymological  mythology 
phrenology 

//.    For  ship,  SH  is  joined  or  disjoined: 
S  / I         hardship,  township. 


272  PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGNS 

friendship  worship  horsemanship 

apprenticeship         fellowship  scholarship 

guardianship  partnership 

i.    For  soever,  sV  is  joined: 
(/    \^    whosoever,  wheresoever. 


t: 


j.    For  self  or  selves  a  small  or  a  large  circle  is 
joined  or  disjoined: 

"\     myself,  ourselves. 

"^^O*^ 

~~N        my  own  self,  our  own  selves. 

3o 

himself  yourselves  own  self  3 

herself  i  your  own  selves          one's  self 

k.    For  sameness,  bleness.  fztlness,  and  ings,  a 
small  circle  is  disjoined : 

V  /--0 

V^   I  feebleness,  lawfulness  ; 


irksomeness.  doings. 


teachableness  faithfulness  wearisomeness 

serviceableness  wakefulness  burdensomeness 

carefulness  peacefulness  tidings 

watchfulness  sinfulness  blessings 

/.    For  lessness.  a  large  circle  is  disjoined: 


_No 


artlessness,  baselessness. 


_  _ 

heedlessness  listlessness  carelessness 

lawlessness  harmlessness  groundlessness 

thoughtlessness  heartlessness  boundlessness 


PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGNS  273 

Exercise  757. 


.(    /I 


^o         (                               ( 

<-/*       J'     A  °   /"    ^ 

0               0 

O 

V-Q                                  °        0 

o         o 

192.    Words   formed   by   combining  two  words   are 

written : 

a.    With  the  parts  joined: 

hereunto  hefeon  hereto  hitherto 

whereunto         thereon          whereto        whereas 
thereunto  onto  thereto 

6.    With  the  parts  disjoined  : 
hereof  thereof 

c.    With  a  hook  for  the  second  part : 
herein  hereinbefore  whereof 

therein  hereinafter  wherein 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION. 

whatsoever       what-sV  thanklessness  TH:ss  3 

howsoever        how-sV  willfulness  wL:s 

whensoever'      wN-sV  skillfulness  sKlrs    i 

wheresoever     wR-sV  ownership  Nr(3)-SH 

whomsoever    whom-sV  workmanship  wRn-SH 

whithersoever  Wtr-sV  questionableness  Kn:s 

doubtfulness     Dt:s  3  wholesomeness  L:s  3 

usefulness          S:s  3  lordship  Rd:SH   I 

uselessness        S:ss  3  helpfulness  L-P:s 

thankfulness     TH:s  3  helpfulness 
TAYLOR — 1 8. 


274  PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGNS 

Exercise  158. 

Hitherto  we-have-had  reports  not  onlyof  thoughtless- 
ness, but  of  lawlessness.  We-were  tracing  our  gene- 
alogy to  please  our-own-selves.  The  schedule  is  at- 
tached hereto  and  made  a  part  hereof.  He  teaches 
phrenology  and  makes  phrenological  charts.  These  are 
the  tidings  whereto  I-call  your  attention.  As-a  theo- 
logian, he  adopts  the  chronology  of-the  Old  Testament. 
The  matter  whereunto  I-call  your  attention  is  herein- 
after fully  set-forth'.  The  partnership  agreement  herein- 
before mentioned  was  thereto  attached.  Our  signatures 
were  placed  thereon.  Let  those  who  claim  ownership 
write  their  names  hereon.  His  serviceableness  is  ad- 
mitted, in  any  capacity  whatsoever.  Success  may-be 
secured  to  one's  self  by  faithfulness  and  watchfulness  of 
details.  Zoology  and  mineralogy  are-not  taught  in-the 
high  school  of-our  township.  We  studied  physiology 
at-home  by  ourselves.  He-will  maintain  the  ground- 
lessness of-all  claims  by  whomsoever  made.  The  use- 
lessness  of-the  effort  is  apparent  where  such  willfulness 
is  united  to  helplessness.  I-was  filled  with  thankfulness 
for-the  attempted  usefulness  in-spite-of  the  doubtfulness 
of-its  value.  The  burdensomeness  of-the  task  is  in-the 
feebleness  or  lack  of  skillfulness  of-the  workers.  The 
questionableness  of-the  quality  of-the  workmanship  was- 
the  cause  of-our  carefulness.  It-is-no  hardship  to  follow 
you  whithersoever  you-may  lead.  The  artlessness  of-the 
child  and-the  peacefulness  of-the  scene  were-a  source  of 
restfulness.  He-is  engaged  in  etymological  and  philo- 
logical studies,  a  pursuit  wherein  he-is  showing  great 
'interest.  I-did-the  work  from-an  unselfish  motive,  but 
found  therein  blessings  for  my-own-self.  Whenever  I 
look  at-the  universe  of  stars,  I-am  impressed  by-the 
boundlessness  thereof. 


PREFIX    AND    AFFIX    SIGNS  275 

REVIEW. 

This  animal  is  noted  for  its  teachableness  and  harm- 
lessness  wheresoever  found.  George  has  no-one  but 
his-own-self  to  blame  for-the  irksomeness  of-this  task. 
The  lawfulness  of-his  claim  does-not  lessen  the  weari- 
someness  of-his  importunings.  His  thanklessness  is 
seen  herein.  He-is-an  eminent  phrenologist.  I  here- 
unto attach  my  bond  to  appear  whensoever  his  lordship 
may  command  me.  She-was  studying-the  etymology 
of-the  word.  Howsoever  he-might  try,  he-coulcl-not 
overcome  his  listlessness.  His  carelessness  and  waste- 
fulness in-the  stewardship  were  hitherto  unrebuked. 
Such  variableness  on-your  part  will  cause  you  to  forfeit 
their  friendship  and  fellowship.  The  duties  of-your 
clerkship  are  hereinafter  set-forth.  Wherein  do-the 
signs  of  good  workmanship  and  durability  consist?  The 
reasons  hereinbefore_/&//y  set  out  are  the  points  where- 
unto  your  attention  is  called.  These  young  men  are 
theological  students.  This-is-the  statement  of-my  posi- 
tion, and  hereon  I-shall  stand.  Therein  you-may  see-the 
worthlessness  of-this  certificate  of  scholarship.  They 
came  out  onto  the  balcony.  Mythology  is-the  subject 
whereto  his  attention  is  now  turned.  Thev  brought  the 
paper  and  I  put  my  signature  thereon.  The  study  of 
archaeology  is  fascinating,  and  my  time  is  wholly  given 
thereto.  The  \e\.\.ers-patent  are  attached  hereto  and 
made-a  part  hereof.  He  deplores  the  hatefulness  and- 
the  endlessness  of-the  task.  His  blamelessness  is  now 
fully  established,  whereas  heretofore  there-was  some 
doubt  thereof.  His  acquisition  of-the  title  in-the  inter- 
mediate time  is  beyond  my  comprehension,  for  it-was  in 
plain  contradiction  of-the  contract.  The  supposition  is 
that-the  drives  will  intersect  here,  but-the  intersection  is 
really  to-be  at  another  place.  It-is  convenient  that  their 
parts  in-the  entertainment  can-be  made  interchange- 
able. The  wholesomeness  of  such  companionship  is  un- 
doubted. "All  things  were  created  by  Him,  whether 
thrones,  principalities  or  powers." 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS    AND 
TECHNICAL   LANGUAGE 

LESSONS    LXXXI— XCI 


277 


LESSON  LXXXI 

General  Review  of  Difficult  Principles 
Note. — Unusual  directions  of  strokes  are  not  here  indicated. 

El,  Ar,  Shay :  Alacrity,  alma  mater,  arbitrator,  ar- 
mistice, arsenal,  Elkhart  (L-Krt),  erasure,  generously, 
hospit-al,  illimitable,  illiterate,  illumination,  impartial- 
ly, innocently,  insanely,  int-ensely,  int-ently,  irascible 
( 191^),  sarcasm,  irremediable,  irrepressible,  license, 
linguist,  Los  Angeles,  luscious,  nutritious,  remunera- 
tion, renunciation,  rheumatism,  seizure,  slavish,  solar, 
stereoscope,  superstitious,  ulterior,  vivacious,  when- 
\\  ill-you. 

Ses :  Accessory,  agnosticism,  incessantly,  intercessor 
(Xt-ssR  i),  irresistible,  metamorphosis,  necessitate, 
paralysis,  parenthesis,  paroxysm,  persistence,  resuscita- 
tion, romanticism,  sacerdotal,  schismatic,  scholasticism, 
susceptible,  suspension,  suspicion,  sustenance,  synthesis, 
vicissitude,  witticism,  inexhaustible. 

Brief  W  and  T  (joined  or  in  vowel  position)  : 
Brunswick,  bewitching,  Emporia,  Holyoke,  loquacious, 
quaver,  queen,  quintessence,  quorum,  quotient,  sand- 
wich, soliloquy,  tranquil,  twilight,  twinkle,  twirl,  uten- 
sil, utilitarian,  Waukesha,  wicked,  wooden,  zodiac. 

H-tick:  Hartford,  hardware,  humidity,  hurdle,  Hong 
Kong,  inhumanity,  rehearsal,  unhurt,  harbor,  herds- 
man, herbarium,  Herculean,  hermetically,  hermitage, 
hexagon,  hexameter,  hireling,  hominy,  horoscope,  hum- 
bug. 

279 


2So  PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

Double  Lengths:  Alternately,  amphitheater,  be- 
wilder, Centralia,  centrifugal,  centripetal,  defaulter, 
handkerchief,  heterogeneous,  hort-iculture,  imponder- 
able (191$),  unalterable,  instigator,  lethargy,  material- 
ism, metropolitan,  misanthropy,  numerator,  ostracism, 
rafter,  rapture,  reporter,  refrigerator,  retribution,  slum- 
ber, spectator,  squander,  swelter,  temperature,  yonder. 

In-hook :  Insolence,  insolent,  unskillful,  insobriety, 
insulation,  ensample,  unsaddle. 

Rel  and  Ler :  Alertness,  Burlington,  Florence, 
larynx,  patrolman,  pleurisy,  spectacular,  tabular,  tem- 
poral, thraldom,  tumbler,  valor. 

Medial  Hooks:  Adherence,  amendment,  Bltiffton, 
Bellefontaine,  belligerent,  Covington,  coherence,  coun- 
tenance, Constantinople,  cosmopolitan,  Exeter,  Harris- 
burg,  impervious,  labyrinth,  linseed,  longitude,  magis- 
trate, masculine,  melancholy,  mercenary,  miscellaneous, 
misprint,  mesmerism,  Montpelier,  oblivion,  obviate, 
panic,  peevish,  penury,  prefix,  prof-oundly,  pron-uncia- 
tion,  sardonic,  scandalous,  simultaneous,  subterranean, 
Mediterranean,  Macedonian,  supervise,  synonvmous, 
St.  Petersburg,  transient,  universal. 

Broken  Outlines:  Aggregate,  athletic,  Colgate,  cor- 
rugate, narcotic,  prepaid,  octagon,  probate,  pulpit,  su- 
pernatural, wardrobe. 

Unnatural  Division  or  Suppression  of  Syllables : 
Dero-gat-ory,  disint-egration,  emb-ezzlement,  inart-icu- 
late,  inad-vert-ent,  inel-igible,  i-nert,  iner-tia,  in-estima- 
ble, inord-inate,  int-ensity,  int-oxication,  i-nure,  invol- 
unt-ary,  jud-icious,  mandat-ory,  opt-imism,  ord-inance, 
pant-omime,  partic-ipant,  part-iciple,  spont-aneity,  stat- 
ut-ory,  stupend-ous,  sub-ord-inate,  u-nlawful,  u-nrest, ' 


PRINCIPLES,     EXPEDIENTS.    ETC.  281 

u-nrighteous,  ve-get-able,  vent-ilation,  verbat-im,  vind- 
icate, vind-ictive. 

Abbreviation  by  Omission  of  One  or  More  Conso- 
nants:  Bristol,  Birmingham,  Crawfordsville,  domestic, 
egotistical,  enlistment,  exhilaration,  expostulate,  Evans- 
ville,  Greensburg,  Haverhill,  Huntsville,  ineffectual, 
inherent,  Jacksonville,  Lawrenceburg,  Logansport,  lin- 
guistic, Mohammedanism,  perf-unctory,  Pensacola,  pro- 
crastination, punctuation,  sarcastic,  stockholder,  tasteful, 
testimonial,  transparent,  whimsical. 

Eshon:  Indecision,  inquisition,  inter-position,  natu- 
ralization, neutr-alization,  pensioner,  polarization,  pro- 
cessional, pulverization,  registration,  requisition,  solem- 
nization. 

Prefixes:  Cognomen,  counter-irritant,  contra-stimu- 
lant, circumfusion,  circumvention,  forsaken,  incontest- 
ible.  incompressible,  intermeddle,  interstices,  interroga- 
tory, interstate,  misconjecture,  non-conductor,  self- 
existent,  self-realization,  uncontroverted,  magna  charta, 
magniloquence. 

Affixes:  Malleability,  municipality,  originality,  po- 
tentiality, servility,  tangibility,  totality,  versatility,  vol- 
ubility, invisible,  prudential,  boastingly,  generalship, 
penmanship,  statesmanship,  meteorology,  phraseology, 
psychology,  technology,  terminology,  misgivings,  trust- 
fulness, lightsomeness,  unwarrantableness,  recklessness, 
sleeplessness.  . 

EXERCISE    ON    MISCELLANEOUS    PHRASING. 

I-am-very-sorry  when-I-am-told  that  you-may-regard 
what  he-is-said-(to)-have  promised-us  as  beyond-reach. 
I-am-sure-there-is-a  claim  that-can-be  put  in  somewhere- 
(or)-other,  and  \ve-may-as-well  follow  our-own-judg- 
ment  in-the-matter.  With-my-information  I-am-very- 


282  PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

sure  that  you-are-wrong  in  speaking  of-the  gifts  which- 
are-sent  in  out-of-respect-(to)-you  as  things  which- 
are-of-no-value.  By-all-ineans  let-us-not  fail  to-have 
such-as-can-do-so  furnish-their  money  in-advance.  We- 
will-take-those  which-are-said-(to)-be  best.  My-dear- 
sister,  to-all-appearance  now,  we  ought-(to)-be-able-to 
be  with-my-friends  as-soon-as  we-desire.  I-am-very- 
glad  we-declined  to  accept  goods  which-were-of-no-use. 
They  dismissed-us,  and  we-are-now  beyond-recall,  and 
we-are-glad-of-it.  Do-you-favor-the  idea  and  will-you- 
try  to  carry  it-out  (Tt  3)  in-our-own-case?  If-they 
grant-us  what-we-demand  they-will  appoint-us  and  send- 
tis  out  to  organize  lodges  in-all-sections.  Success  such- 
as-would-(have)-been  ours  in-all-circumstances  ought- 
(to)-have-shown  that  I-was-right.  You-are-right,  but 
we-dislike  to  insist  on  what-(is)-said-(to)-have-been 
prohibited. 


LESSON   LXXXII 
Principles  of  Abbreviation 

193.  Under  the  principles  followed  in  the  preceding 
lessons,  the  abbreviation  or  contraction  of  outlines  may 
be  extended  indefinitely  by  the  individual  stenographer 
(provided  always  that  legibility  is  preserved). 

This  and  following  lessons  contain  additional  words 
whose  outlines  may  be  shortened  by  the  omission  of  one 
or  more  sounds.  The  italicized  words  are  the  ones  to  be 
abbreviated.  The  abbreviated  outlines  may  be  verified 
by  reference  to  the  list  at  the  end  of  the  book. 

a.    Contraction  by  the  omission  of  k  or  g . 
The  exclamation  of  anguish  roused  me  from  my  deep 
abstraction.      In  extenuation  of-my  apparently  inexpli- 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  283 

cable  conduct  in  failing  to  acknowledge  the  benefaction 
immediately,  I-must  mention  the  multiplication  of-my 
duties  as  inspector.  The  governor  bespeaks  our  help  in 
exterminating  everything  which-has-the  aspect  of  resist- 
ance to-the  injunction.  We-cannot  secure  the  ratifica- 
tion of-the  estimates  unless  the  superstructure  is  in- 
destructible by  fire.  His  mortification  was  great  on 
finding  that-his  qualifications  for-the  position  were  in- 
sufficient. He  displayed  considerable  constructive  abil- 
ity as-well-as  a  knowledge  of  electricity.  His  identifi- 
cation as  our  benefactor  was-a  gratification  to-us.  The 
electrician  knew  it-was-an  infraction  of-the  rule,  but  he 
refused  subjection  to  any  interdiction.  The  warden's 
expeditious  measures  succeeded  without  the  infliction 
of  severe  punishments.  He  exclaimed  with  astonish- 
ment on  learning  of-the  falsification  of-the  accounts  by- 
the  sanctimonious  clerk.  He-is-the  personification  of 
enthusiasm  and  his  extemporaneous  address  helped  the 
languishing  cause.  In  retrospect  extenuating  circum- 
stances may-be  found.  The  poem  was  extemporized 
in- a  retrospective  mood.  In  extemporary  speeches  he 
frequently  indulges  in  retrospection.  He-gave  a  suc- 
cinct account  of-the  causes  of-the  war  with  ^Mexico. 
An  exclamatorv  sentence  may  contain  an  interjection. 
In  daily  walks  she  sought  distraction  from  her  troubles. 
The  child  is  studying  subtraction  in  arithmetic.  It-was 
fortunate  that  the  expulsion  of-the  stragglers  took-place 
before  the  explosion. 

b.    Contraction  by  the  omission  of  n. 
What  he-said  was  tantamount  to  calling  us  siuindlers. 
They  challenge  me  to  find   the  legendary  story  repre- 
sented in-the  frontispiece.     The  old  man  stood  near  the 
tenement  with-his  grandchild  and-a  large  Newfound- 


284  PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

land  dog.  He-will-have  charge  of-the  administration 
of-the  estate  and-the  transfer  of-the  property.  He-will 
recite  the  translation  as-an  atonement  for-his  nonsense. 
His  use  of  technical  nomenclature  amounts  to  pedantry. 
I-am  no  challenger  of-your  ministerial  methods.  The 
scoundrel  had  enjoyed  the  -patronage  of-the  victim  of- 
his  swindling  scheme.  All-his  merchandise  is  standard 
goods.  Thenceforward  he-was  engaged  in  sedentary 
occupations.  There-is-some  antagonism  to-the  new 
gymnasium.  They  dignify  the  new  minister  with-the 
title  of  "doctor."  He  thought  it  a  dignity  to-be  a 
spendthrift  (sPt-THrt). 

c.  Contraction  by  the  omission  of  r  or  /. 
There-is-some    discrepancy  in-their    accounts   of-the 

disagreement.  The  meaning  of-the  demonstration  was 
obscure.  The  manuscript  contained  some  nondescript 
characters,  whose  meaning  was  unintelligible  to-the 
ordinary  intellect.  The  property  in  New  Jersey  was 
irrecoverable.  Your  indulgence  in  bad  temper  is  be- 
coming intolerable,  and  may  cause  your  downfall.  He- 
was  working  in  differential  calculus.  For-this  patient  he 
prescribes  wine,  but  for  me  he  proscribes  its  use.  It-will 
simplify  the  mechanism  in-all-respects  (Nls-Ps)  to 
make-the  bar  revolve  on-a  pin.  It-is  permissible  to 
superscribe  the  title.  I-sign-myself  yours-truly,  J.  H. 
Mansfield,  of  Knoxville.  This  will  exemplify  how 
rapid  the  intellectual  development  may-be. 

d.  Contraction  by  the  omission  of  t  or  d. 

His  boastful  language  may  deceive-a  trustful  nature. 
She  thought  the  pestilence  might-be  stayed  by  priestly 
interference.  The  breastpin  came  through-the  post- 
office,  postpaid.  They-had  tin  soldiers  behind-a  paste- 
board breastwork.  We-are-glad-(to)-know  that  up- 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,     ETC.  285 

(to)-date  they-have  instituted  no  inquiries  in-reference- 
(to)-that  textbook.  He-is-a  descendant  of  Christopher 
Columbus.  I  just-now  met  Vestal  on-the  doorstep,  and 
he-is  ready  to  adjust-(the)-matter.  Lastly,  you-are  to 
add  the  alum  crystals.  In-reply-(to)-yours  of-this-date, 
I- will-say  that  he-has  traveled  the  whole  civilized-world, 
and  I-trust-that  his  lecture  will-be  interesting. 


LESSON  LXXXIII 
Principles  of  Abbreviation — Continued 

(See  193.) 

e.  Contraction  by  the  omission  of  h : 
They-are  down- hearted,  fear  ing- the  annihilation  of- 

the  army  in-the  hazardous  fight.  With  vehemence  they 
deny  that  they  uphold  the  enemy.  They-will  remove 
from  Wheeling  to  Terre-Harite,  Indiana.  I  faced  the 
hazard  of  mishap  on-his  behalf.  People  of-this  sort 
inhabit  the  town  to-which  the  vehicle  is  bound.  The 
brave  company  upheld  the  banner  until  annihilated  to- 
the  last  man.  Their  vehement  words  disclaimed  respon- 
sibility for-these  haphazard  arrangements.  The  speci- 
men was  preserved  in  alcohol. 

f.  Contraction  by  the  omission  of  p  or  b . 
The  subpoena  is-a  peremptory  command.     Thompson 

says  the  telescope  room  was  empty.  Such-an  ascription 
was  unjust  to  me,  and  brought  me  into  contempt.  Your 
offer  is  very  tempting. 

g.  Contraction  by  a  combination  of  two  or  more 
of  the  above  methods.   (Omit  the  italicized  consonants.) 

He   showed    me-the   superscription   on-the    envelope 


286  PRINCIPLES,   EXPEDIENTS,   ETC. 

and-the  memoranda  inside.  The  druggist  will  fill  the 
prescription.  I-was  ready  to  make-a  subscription. 
Common-sense  will  clear  away  all-this  mys/i  fixation  and 
sentimenta/ism.  Such  careless  use  of-my  microscope  is 
very  repreAensib/e.  The  report  of-the  work  in-that 
pes/ilentia/  region  will  require  some  simp/ifiVation.  He 
says  he-can  make-a  sufficient  discrimination  in  language 
by-the  use  of  Anglo-Saxon  (NG-ssN)  alone.  This  ex- 
penditure (sPt-Tr)  is-an  exemp/ification  of  what  I-said. 
His  forehead  was  broad  and  low.  The  number  of 
pages  I-have  to  transcribe  is  overwhelming.  Virginia 
is  in  North- America.  The  transcript  of-the  evidence 
shows  that-the  elements  were  antagonis/ic.  I-am,  yours- 
very-tm/y,  E.  A.  Canfie/d,  genera/-manager. 

h.  Contraction  by  an  unusual  division,  or  bvthe 
suppression  of  one  or  more  syllables.  (Omit  svllables 
indicated  by  italicized  vowels.) 

The  journey  by  land  was  pred-etermined  (Prt-Trnt) 
for  she-had-a  prejudice  against  voyaging  on-the  Atlant- 
z'c-Ocean.  The  child  had-an  ambz'tion  to  cross  the 
Pacif-zc-Ocean.  He-was  so  ambz'tious  to  prove  his  int- 
egrity that  he-went  beyond-the  jud-zcious  limit.  We- 
will  overt-ake  him  in-the  ant-eroom  where  some-(of 
the)-finest  pictures  are.  The  authent-icz'ty  of-this  deed 
is  certain  and  it  ant-edates  your  contract.  They  part- 
ake of-my  bounty  to-a  prod-z'gious  extent.  He  mastered 
the  whole  category  of  studies  some-time-ago  (sMt-M-G). 

i.  Contraction  by  the  omission  of  final  sylla- 
bles. 

The  memorandum  shows  my  share  to-be  very  infini- 
tesz'/wa/.  By  conservative  concessions  an  equivalent 
may-be  retained  and-the  pecuniary  entanglewe;//  re- 
duced to-a  minimum.  His  biographer  writes  that  he- 


PRINCIPLES.    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  287 

was  disliked  for-his  officious  and  ost-ent-ati0?Ay  behavior, 
lie-had  nothing  to  say  in-the  assem6/y  den-uncia/e>ry  of- 
the  democracy.  The  benevolent  old  man  is  perpetz/#//y 
(110)  seeking  opportw/zzYz'^s  for-his  philanthropy  (3). 
The  derangement  may  end  in  some  malignant  (i)  dis- 
ease. This  journey  and-the  study  of-the  topograp&y  of- 
the  country  will-be  beneficial  to-him.  I-have  5rrefrag#3/£ 
proof  of-the  essential  facts.  His  implac<7^/e  anger  needs 
no  nourishment.  I-felt  an  instinctive  repugnance  to  bring- 
ing together  elements  so  dissimilar  (i).  I- was  indignant 
( i )  at-his  surreptitiously  replen&Aing-his  glass.  Hoping 
for-a  legacy  they  endure  his  aristocra/z'c  idiosyncracies. 
The  Ycsembtance  shown  in-the  phot-ograph  suggested 
the  idea  of  infringement.  The  time  is  auspicious  (i) 
for- the  testing  of-your  agricultural  theories.  The  work 
of-the  architect  has-been  of  immeasura6/e  value.  He- 
was  ind-efatz£Y^/£  in-his  efforts.  He-was  hypocritical 
in  saying  there-was  no  ignominy  (i)  in  the  situation. 
Your  punctuality  in  furnishing-the  geographies/  and  as- 
tronornicat  notes  is  commendable.  The  hierogly^/«'c«/ 
inscription  is  very  fragmentary  (3),  and  therefore  its 
meaning  is  problematz'ca/  even  to  experts.  I-shall  make 
this  md-emmVy  (i)  contingew/  on-his  success.  Hoping 
for-a  favorable  answer,  I-am, 


288  PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

LESSON  LXXXIV 

Principles  of  Abbreviation — Continued 

(See  193.) 

j .  Contraction  by  extending  the  halving  princi- 
ple as  applied  to  phrases,  as  in  of-it,  it-had,  etc.,  already 
given. 

A  stroke  halved  to  add  otight  takes  first  position ;  to 
add  had  or  would,  third  position  ;  to  add  it  or  to,  the 
position  of  the  stroke-word.  (On  straight  strokes  have 
when  it  occurs  is  usually  shown  by  a  v-hook,  instead  of 
being  omitted.) 

//-0z/g^/-(to)-be  understood  z^z'/-has-been  well  ex- 
plained. It-ought-not-(to  have)-been  left  here  or  it- 
ought-(to)-have-\vA&-z.  cover.  It-ought-not-(to)- have 
delayed  any-one  for  it-ought-(to)-have-been  done  yes- 
terday. Such-ought-not-(to  have)-been  (sCHnt-Bn  i) 
the  case  for  there-ought-(to  have)-been  (DHrt-Bn  i) 
an  answer.  It  ought-(to)-have  your  attention  and  thev- 
oag"///-(to)-be  notified.  She-ought-(\.o  have)-been  in- 
vited, and  she-ought-(to  have)-had  time  enough  given 
her.  This-is-a  matter  •which-OHght-(to)-haveyourcn.v&. 
This-is  a  duty  rwhich-ought-not-(\.<.^-\^e.  neglected  when- 
it-is  (wNts  i)  left  to-you.  This-is-a  debt  which-ought- 
(to)-have-been  paid.  Be-it  known  that  those  wlio- 
have-been  solicited  for  aid  are  willing  to  give-it,  and 
will-be  benefited  by-it.  It-~vould-be.  impossible  to  wait 
for-it.  If-you-want-the  house  while-it-is-not  (wLts- 
Nt  i)  rented,  you-can  have-it.  Jr/bry-zV-not-be  that//;<?y- 
ivould  think-it  unfair?  They-would-not-know  (DHnt- 
N  3)  that  such-had-been  (sCHt-Bn  3)  your  orders. 
\-think-it  could-not-(have)-been  my  book  -which-had- 
the  mark  in-it.  Martha  saw-it  for  there-it-was  (DHrt-Z) 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  289 

in  plain  sight,  and  s/ie-/iad-been  waiting  for-it.  Will- 
zV-not-be  difficult  to  interest  them  in-it?  \-think-it-\s- 
not-a  gift  ivhich-%vould-have-been  acceptable.  It-is-a 
matter  which-would-V>c  much  discussed  where-it-is-not 
(\vRts-Nt)  understood.  All  have-had  time  enough. 
ft-~MOiild-have-\ieen  impossible  to  ship-it  if-you-had  de- 
cided to  take-it  earlier.  Is-this  delay  likely-to  (L-Klt) 
cause  trouble? 

k.  Contraction  by  the  joining  of  hooks . 
Blanchard  will  inspect  the  work  of-the  mandrel. 
They-will  penetrate  further  into-the  canebrake.  The 
parts  of-the  box  were  dovetailed  together.  The  rain- 
drops may  break  the  flue  of-the  lantern.  They-were 
hunting  reindeer  in-the  north.  The  scoundrel  wras 
found  in  Leaven~uoorth.  Is-his  work  at-the  roundhouse 
better-than-you-expected  ?  They-have  round-trip  tick- 
ets. Your-own-words  are  a  panegyric. 

I.     Contraction  by  the  use  of  intervocalization 
where  no  initial  hook  appears. 

The  children  were  blindfolded.  They-were  playing 
in-the  cornfield.  They-live  in  Plainjield.  This-is 
tenfold  more  beautiful.  Mansfield  will  endure  (Ntr) 
no  reproof.  The  vowel  is  sometimes  useful  in  entire. 

m.   Contraction    by    the    further  use  of    the    ses 
principle. 

It-is-as-t\\e  justice- of- the -peace  (Jss-Ps)  tells-us. 
2"ours-is-the  name  she  gives-us.  This  seems-as  thor- 
ough as-such  work  can-be.  He  takes-his  vacation  this 
month.  He  manages-his  pleasures  according  to  his- 
circumstanccs.  \i-\\e-docs-his  work  well  we-will  raise- 
his  wages,  \i-is-set-forth  in-a-way  to  convince-us  that 

TAYLOR  — 19. 


290  PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

he  pays-his  debts.  His-stiggcstion  has-something  of 
value.  They  oppose-his  views  and  lose-his  good-will. 
It-is- sufficient  that-his  cause-is  just.  \\.-is-sometimes  im- 
possible to  excuse-his  methods.  \\.-has-seemed  less-cer- 
tain since-his  arrival. 

n.    Contraction  by  the  further  use  of  the  loop 
principle. 

It  does-their  business  good  to  increase-thcir  employes' 
wages,  because-there-is  a  greater  interest.  To  oppose- 
their  wishes  will-test-their  (Tstr)  temper.  If  he  leaves- 
it  again  against-their  will,  they- will- not  pass-it  by  so 
lightly.  He  thinks-it  impossible  to  convince-their  father 
that-a  grocery-store  would  pay,  since-there-is  one  near- 
by already  established.  They-will  lose-their  wages 
unless-there-is  time  to  post-their  books  to-day.  I-fear 
they-will  ivaste-their  effort  to  reducert/ietr-accoimt  if-he- 
goes-there  now.  How-much  time-is-there?  Are-we 
a  I  most-there?  ^N\\^i-advantage-is-there  in-a  change 
tinless-they .  replace-their  desks  with  new  ones?  Of- 
course-there-is  no  objection  to  any  desk  ivhich-is-there 
now. 

o.    Contraction  by  the  use  of  triple-lengths. 

Ask  him  -whether-there-is  any  hope  of-a  rising  tem- 
perature. They-will  order-their  goods  by  letter.  They 
center-their  energies  in-the  business  to  ftirther-their- 
own  interests.  They  scatter-their  books  and  litter-their 
desks  with  papers.  1-zuonder-t/iere-is-not-a  crowd  ready 
to  tender-their  services.  If-this  truth  should  enter-thcir 
minds,  it-would  shatter-their  hopes.  They-must  rcnder- 
thcir  accounts  and  surrender-their  posts.  They-are- 
thcre  now  discussing  English  literature. 


PRINCIPLES,     EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  291 

LESSON    LXXXV 

Principles  of  Abbreviation  —  Continued 

(See  193.) 

p.    Contraction  by  the  further  use  of  hooks  for 
words  in  phrases. 

I  for-one  shall  thank  him  for-all-\\\s  kindness  to-all- 
0/-us  iM-our-lnurry,  if-all-others  refuse  to  acknowledge 
it.  At-our  request  let  Phillips  have-all  the  books  left  in- 
tw/'-possession  packed  in-one  box  tf/-0/--near-that-time, 
and  shipped  at-our-expense.  Though-all-our  attempts 
fail  z'«-0z/r-haste,  I  still  shall-o-uun  that-one  having  more 
time  might,  after-all,  succeed.  y4/-<?r-about-that-time 
he  promised  rt^-0//r-suggestion  to  pay  on-or-beiore  Janu- 
ary first  a  sum  which-would  z'/2-0#r-judgment  be  right. 
All-have-\)een  postponed  until  on-or-about  December 
first,  though  at-one-\\me  we-thought  they-would  be 
finished  by  November. 

q.    Contraction  by  the   further  use  of  the  circle 
with  a  hook. 


e-the  drain  upon-his  means  by  thus  living 
above-his  income  that  he-may  lose-his-property.  Such- 
are-the-indications  that-his  misfortune  or  perhaps  his- 
failure  is-rcally  inevitable.  His-children  wish  to-have 
Judge  Morris,  his-brother  made  his-guardian.  George 
says  such  tfre-the-facts  ;  and  that  .yz/c/J-are-his-intentions 
is  clear.  His-part  in-the  transaction  is-merelv  that  of-a 
friend,  because-his  love  for  his  father  is-great.  Such- 
/rtrrr-(the-con)ditions,  and  5?/<://-zt'^r«?-his-reasons,  as- 
#e<7/-(ly)-as-(I)-can-judge.  He-would-be  as-gtad-as 
any-one  if  sttc/i-ivere-not-the  case.  The  gift  is  refused 
ior-your-oivn-sake.  He-has-do  tic-tits  work  well  and 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

taken -his  pay.'   The  way  he  takes  to  pro-cc-his  position 
is-by-all  standards  unfair. 

r.    Contraction  by  the  use  of  a  large  hook  on 
TH  and  DH  for  have  or  of  in  phrases. 

7^hey-have  deserved  nothing  for  thev-have-ne\ev  tried. 
7*/iey-/iave-gone  away  and  they-kave-been  gone  a  long 
time.  They-are-(to)-have-\\.  as-soon-as-t/iey-/tave  paid 
for-it.  T*hey-~ivill-have-no\\}'mg  to-do  with-it.  We-will- 
think-of-tins,  for  \\e-think-of -\\&\'mg  some  building 
done  soon.  We-wou\d-t&irt&-of-tAeir  plan,  but  thcv- 
have-never  seen  fit  to  explain-it. 

s.    Contraction  by  the  further  use  of  the  in-hook 
and  the  eshon-hook. 

I-am  in-sympathy  with  your  views  in-some-(m)easi/rc, 
though  I-cannot  adopt  them  in-express-terms.  Though 
I-shali-be  in-some-ot/ier-place  during-the  next-session, 
I-will-be  with-you  in-spirit.  I- was  interested  in-his- 
expressions  of  pleasure  used  in-his-descriptions  given 
at-the  last-session.  In-his-solicitude  for-an  extra-session 
he-has  passed  in-some-degree  (in-sM-Gr)  the  litnit>  ^\ 
prudence.  In-his-great  excitement  at-the  first-session. 
he-did  tn-some-cases  forget  his  duty.  He-says  that  in- 
his-cxperience  he-has  found  it  best  to  proceed  in-his- 
usita/-way.  In-his-exami nation  of-the  desk  before-the 
night-session,  he  found  the  papers  in-somewhat  greater 
disorder  than  he  expected.  He  exclaimed  in-his-sur- 
prise  that  another-session  was  to-be  held.  In-his-carc 
for-your  interests  he-did  in-some-instances  leave  the 
room  while  the  meeting  was  in-session.  He  spoke  at- 
the  regtilar-session  in-his-grave  and  measured  tones, 
and  no-one  has-been  willing  to  put  an  obstacle  in-his- 
ivay,  either  then  or  at-/ /its-session. 


PRINCIPLES.    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  293 

/.    Contraction  by  the  further  use  of  the  princi- 
ple of  proximity  for  com  and  con. 

I-must-r0#fess  that  I-am-not-co/ztent,  but  I-will-not- 
rtwplain  if  I-can-ro/ztrive  some-other  way.  \Ye-arc- 
rcwvinced  that  in-all-his-rcwplaints  he  attempts  to 
hinder  the  action  we-rertwwend.  We-will-re>//tinue  on- 
this  line  though  \ve-m ust-cewf ess  it-has-not  our  approval. 
They-think  \ve-will-ffwpromise  though-their  offer  does- 
not-ro/ztain  what-we-demand.  I-cannot-c<?wplain  smce- 
the  property  was  sold  with-my-own-<%wsent.  We-will- 
rf//fess  that  you-are-right,  and  we-will-ccwtrive  to-do 
as-you-say. 

?/.    Contraction  by  the  extension  of  the  phrasing 
with  the  inverted  you. 

I-scnd-yoii  some  catalogues  to-day,  and  sJiouId-vou- 
have  need  of  more,  please  order  them.  Should-you-fiid 
it  to-your  advantage,  I-hope-you-will  call  at-our  office 
when  -you-can.  Should  -yo2i-ioidcrtake-ti\e  business, 
write  me  -uohen-you-know  /loiv-yoit-wtlt proceed.  Sho?//d- 
you-6e-\\}\\ing  to  undertake  the  work,  I-know-you-can 
succeed. 

LESSON   LXXXVI 

Punctuation  and  Other  Marks 
202.    Marks  are  sometimes  needed  as  follows: 

a.  The  dash,    \  —  ;  placed  across  the  line 

because  the  stenographer  sometimes  wishes  to  insert  it 
after  its  place  is  passed  in  the  writing. 

b.  Parentheses,  \  .     The    usual    signs 

'/ 

too  much  resemble  shorthand  characters. 


294  PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

c.  Hyphen    ^,  needed  occasionally. 

d.  Paragraph  sign,  Q,  ;  needed  only  when  the 

writer  has  gone  too  far  to  show  the  paragraph  by  inden- 
tation. 

e.  Italics,     

f.  Applause, 

g.  Laughter, 


h.  A  written  d  indicates  doubt,  where  the 
writer  has  not  understood  a  word.  Sometimes  the 
vowel  only  is  heard,  in  which  case  the  marked  vowel 
should  be  written  in  longhand.  In  reading,  thrs  vowel 
with  the  context  will  usually  suggest  the  correct  word. 

i.  For  reference  marks  to  matter  to  be  inserted 
at  some  point  farther  back,  a  circle  with  a  number 
inside  may  be  used,  placing  the  same  mark  at  the  point 
of  insertion. 

j.  Notes  of  the  writer's  own  or  interruptions 
from  the  audience  should  be  enclosed  in  brackets,  or,  if 
short,  they  may  be  entirely  encircled  by  a  line. 

k.  A  horizontal  wavy  line  indicates  an  interrup- 
tion and  unfinished  sentence;  also  a  blank  space  left  for 
the  insertion  of  a  name  or  date  or  any  other  matter. 

/.  A  row  of  shorthand  periods  indicates  the 
omission  of  a  part  of  a  quotation. 

///.    Where  it  is  desired  to  preserve  the  fact  of 
the  speaker's  contraction  of  words,  the  apostrophe  may 
be  placed  above  the  shorthand  sign. 
Read  and  transcribe  the  following: 

(For  first  sign  third  line  see  194.) 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  295 

Sentences  from  Lincoln's  Speeches. 


'/ 


"-    ^Ya   C 


296 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 


\ 

J_ 


L  . « .1  Co 


<Y  '  N«  X  A  \^  j»        X      f. 


\\ 


r 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS.    ETC. 


297 


LESSON  LXXXVII 

Reporting  Expedients 

The  amanuensis  needs  all  the  principles  used  by  the 
reporter.  The  student  who  has  completed  the  lessons 
and  practiced  the  exercises  of  the  book  to  this  point,  is  in 
possession  of  a  style  of  shorthand  writing  which  comes 
little  short  of  that  used  by  the  reporter.  He  is  capable 
of  writing  at  a  high  speed,  and  his  notes  have  the  ad- 
vantage of  the  greater  legibility,  gained  by  the  use  of 
group-consonant  signs  and  of  phrasing.  Here  are  added 
a  few  further  expedients,  by  which  the  verbatim  writer 
raises  his  speed  to  the  requirements  of  the  fastest  speak- 
ing. The  amanuensis  may  make  use  of  some  of  them 
to  advantage.  There  follow  also  a  few  suggestions  on 
technical  language,  which  may  help  the  stenographer 
who  is  preparing  for  woi'k  in  any  special  line  of  business. 

194.  Outlines  of  long  words  or  of  long  names  fre- 
quently occurring  in  the  same  matter  may  be  shortened 
by  writing  one  part  across  another  (indicated  by  +), 
as  in  the  following  examples: 

nevertheless  N+V 

notwithstanding    N+T 


in  controversy 
bankrupt 
bankruptcy 
hand-writin 


N+Tr 

B-NG+P 

B-NG+P 


First  National  Bank 
Metropolitan  Trust  Co. 
Board  of  Public  Works 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Go. 
Buildiiur  and  Loan  Association 


son  ill-law  sN+L 

brother-in-law     Br+L 

father-in-law        Ftr+L 
mother-in-law      Mtr+L 
sister-in-law          ssTr+L 
daughter-in-law  D-Tr+L 

first-N+B 
Mtr+Tr 
Brt+wR 
\Vst+K 

Blt+SH 


29^  PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

Savings  and  Loan  Association  sV+SH 

American  Express  Co.  Mr+sPr 

Agricultural  Department  Gr+D 

Railway  Postal  Service  Rl+P 

Civil  service  examination  sVl  +  sM 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association  NG-Mn+SH 

Young  Women's  Christian  Association  NG-wMn+SH 

Young  People's  Society  of  Christian 

Endeavor  NG-KrnfDf 

Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty 

to  Animals  ssT+Pr 

The  mortgage  is  held  by-the  Metropolitan  Trust 
Company.  The  report  of-the  bankruptcy  came  through 
the  office  of-the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.  His 
son-in-law  has-a  position  vvith-a  building  and  loan  asso- 
ciation. Notwithstanding  his  protests,  the  board  of 
public  works  ordered  the  improvement.  It-is  indeed 
late,  but  we-must-go  nevertheless.  The  handwriting  of- 
his  father-in-law  was  in  controversy  in-the  suit  of-the 
First  National  Bank.  The  business  is  wholly  bankrupt. 
My  sister-in-law  is  a  stenographer  for-the  American 
Express  Co.  He-will  take  the  Civil  Service  examination 
for-a  position  in-the  Railway  Postal  Service.  He-is-a 
member  of-the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  and 
president  of-the  Young  People's  Society  of  Christian 
Endeavor  of-our  chm-ch.  The  case  was  referred  by  my 
daughter-in-law  to-the  Society  for-the  Prevention  of 
Cruelty  to  Animals. 

195.  Phrases  repeating  a  word  may  be  abbreviated 
bv  writing  the  principal  parts  close  together  or  connect- 
ing them,  and  omitting  the  rest  of  the  phrase. 

a.    With  "and"  or  "by"  the  signs  are  placed 
side  by  side. 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  299 

b.  With  "from — to"  they  are  placed  near  each 
other,  the  last  a  little  lower  than  the  first. 

c.  With  "after"  they  are  joined,  or  written  one 
below  the  other;   but  when  they  are  straight  strokes  of 
the  same  direction  the  f-hook  may  be  used  to  represent 
after. 

He  waited  for-us  hour-(after)-hour,  while  we-were 
looking  for-him  (from)  house  (to)  house.  They  spend 
year-(after)-year  traveling  (from)  place  (to)  place,  but 
will  reach  home  by  (and)  by.  I-saw  him  (from)  time 
(to)  time,  as  he-went  (from)  town  (to)  town.  He-was 
at-his  place-(of)-business  week  (after)  week,  but  -lie 
grew  worse  day  (by)  day.  Knowledge  increases  year 
(by)  year  as-it  passes  (from)  man  (to)  man.  Day- 
after-day  I-saw-them  pass  (from)  street  (to)  street, 
walking  side  (bv)  side.  History  must-be  rewritten 
(from)  generation  (to)  generation,  almost  (from)  year 
(to)  year.  Week  (by)  week  the  business  grew  in 
importance  and  he-sent  me  reports  (from)  day  (to) 
day.  He-went  (from)  point  (to)  point  in-his  argument, 
taking  up  book  (after)  book  and  seeking  proof  (from) 
page  (to)  page.  The  road  has  been  repaired  (from) 
end  (to)  end,  and  we-(have)-been  going  (from) 
station  (to)  station  inspecting-the  work.  Boat-after- 
boat  crossed  the  stream  (from)  shore  (to)  shore.  The 
terror  deepened  (from)  hour  (to)  hour  and-the  people 
ran  (from)  door  (to)  door  seeking  comfort  from  one- 
another.  They  walked  (from)  room  (to)  room  ex- 
amining-the  exhibits  one  (by)  one. 

196.  Or  and  and  may  be  omitted  in  common  phrases 
by  writing  the  last  word  under  the  first.  Also  J/c  in 
names  may  be  represented  by  an  M  written  over  the 
rest  of  the  word. 


JOO  PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

McNabb  wrote  a  day  or  two  ago  for-an  answer  yes  or 
no.  McDonald  may  stay  two  or  three  months.  We- 
shall-be  here  a  week  or  so,  for  we-must  hear  from  good 
and  bad  alike.  One  or  more  of-the  members  recorded 
the  yeas  and  nays  on-the  first-(and)-second  ballots. 
McBride  was  passing  up  and  down  the  street,  and  in 
and  out  of-the  houses  all-day.  McDermott  was-an  out- 
and-out  republican  a  year  or  two  ago. 

197.  Ing-there  may  be   abbreviated   by  lengthening1 
the  clot  into  a  short  tick  continuing  the  direction  of  the 
final  stroke. 

He-was  waiting-there  for  some-one.  They-are  go- 
ing-there each  spring  for-(the)-purpose  of  selling-their 
wares.  They-are  leaving-their  partners  with -the  hope 
of  running-their  business  alone.  They-were  arrang- 
ing-their  affairs  before  buying-their  new  homes.  They- 
are  casting-their  money  in  and  taking-their  chances. 
They-are  always  arriving-there  too  late  and  losing- 
their  opportunity. 

198.  Ing  may  be  indicated  by  writing  the  following' 
word  or  syllable  close  to  the  part  preceding  the  ing. 
Or,  it  may  often  be  omitted  altogether. 

Is-he  carrying  out  his  plans  without  seeing  you?  I- 
hope  he-is  making  no  mistake  in  so  doing.  He-is 
making  it  impossible  by  engaging  them  this  evening. 
Acting  on-yotir  suggestion  he  was  giving  attention  to 
buying  up  property  in  Bowling  Green.  I-was  talking 
with  him  while  he-was  laying  this  pipe.  Reply(ing- 
to)-yours  let-me-say  that  he  showed-a  willingness  to  go. 

199.  Of  the   or  to   the    may   be   shown   by   writing 
words   close  together. 

The  name   (of   the)   hero   was  on-the  wall   (of  the) 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  301 

tower.  He  objects  (to  the)  evidence  because  it-i:,-no 
proof  (of  the)  claim.  When-the  jar  was  sent  (to  the) 
house  it-was  full  (to  the)  brim.  The  importance  (of 
the)  subject  compelled  the  head  (of  the)  department  to 
seek  the  facts  (of  the)  case.  He  stepped  (to  the)  front 
and  spoke  (to  the)  people  on-the  subject  (of  the)  strike. 
The  verdict  (of  the)  jury  secui'ed  me-the  full  value  (of 
the)  property.  The  result  (of  the)  trial  was  satisfactory 
(to  the)  defendant.  The  origin  (of  the)  evil  was-not 
in-the  freedom  (of  the)  press. 

200.  Skeleton  writing  may  be  resorted  to  under  high 
pressure.     Prepositions,  articles,  verbs  and  other  words 
necessary  to  the  sentence  may  be  omitted  and  supplied 
in  making  the  transcript. 

Example:  Roof  house  all  consumed  before  fire 
discovered  impossible  save  building  very  dry  weather 
house  burned  ground  short  time. 

201.  Where  an  expression  is  repeated  in  close  connec- 
tion, a  long  dash  may  be  substituted  for  the  repetition. 

Example:  No  attempt  has  been  made  to  defraud 
them,  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  mislead  them,  or 
even  to  keep  them  in  ignorance  of  our  purpose. 


LESSON  LXXXVII1 
Technical  Language 

203.  Special  kinds  of  discourse  should  be  practiced 
by  the  reporter;  and  such  practice  is  of  value  to  any 
stenographer  desiring  to  engage  in  a  particular  line  of 
amanuensis  work. 

The  following  lists  present  examples  from  classified 
vocabularies.  Further  matter  for  practice  may  be  found 


3O2  PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

in  technical    books,    descriptive    catalogues,    etc.,    and 
these  lists  may  be  extended  indefinitely. 

ARCHITECTURE. 

(See  first  hint  lesson  91.) 

Abutment,  architrave,  baluster,  balustrade,  banister,* 
bush-hammered,  chamfered,  collar-beam,  corbelled, 
dentils,  entablature,  finial,  flashings,  frieze,  gargoyle, 
girders,  grille,  groined,  grouted,  lavatory,  lintel,  loggia, 
Mansard,  mortise,  mosaic,  molding,  mullion,  newel, 
ogee,  parquetry,  pedestal,  pilaster,  plinth,  purlins,  quar- 
ter-round, risers,  rubble,  scantling,  scotia,  spandrel, 
stringers,  tenon,  terra  cotta,  threshold,  T-iron,  tongued 
and  grooved,  transom,  trimmers,  troweled,  vestibule, 
vitrified,  wainscot,  washers,  water-table,  weatherboard- 
ing,  well-hole. 

ELECTRICITY. 

Accumulator,  alternator,  ammeter,  ampere,  annun- 
ciator, armature,  candle  power,  cathode,  coefficient, 
commutator,  condenser,  conduit,  controller,  converter, 
demagnetize,  dynamic,  dynamometer,  dynamo,  elec- 
trode, electrolysis,  equalizer  (i),  galvanic,  galvano- 
meter, generator,  illuminator,  incandescent,  induction 
coil,  kilowatt,  ohm,  ohmmeter,  polarity,  radiators, 
rheometer,  rheostat,  static,  storage,  switchboard,  ther- 
mostat, transmitter,  volts,  voltage,  vulcanized,  watt. 

INSURANCE. 

Accrued  interest,  actuary,  appraisal,  arson,  assignor, 
assurance,  beneficiary,  casualty,  cyclone,  dividend,  for- 
feiture, hazardous,  inflammable,  insurability,  insurer, 
issuance  (3),  lightning,  longevity,  maturity,  mortality, 
mortuary,  policy,  premium,  pro  rata,  proviso,  realty,  re- 
coverable, reversion,  semi-annual,  tontine,  underwriter. 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  303 

MEDICINE. 

Abscess,  anaemia,  anaesthetic,  astigmatism,  atrophy, 
bronchial,  bronchitis,  bacteriology,  cardiac,  cartilage, 
cerebral,  congestion,  contusion,  convalescent,  convul- 
sion, diagnosis,  diathesis,  diphtheria,  eczema,  emacia- 
tion, epilepsy,  hemorrhage,  hypertrophy,  idiopathic, 
inoculation,  inflammatory,  inflammation,  influenza, 
laryngitis,  ligature,  lymphatic,  maxillary,  medicinal, 
melancholia,  meningitis,  microbe,  opthalmia,  paresis, 
pathology,  sciatic,  sensory,  strabismus,  thorax,  trache- 
otomy, tuberculosis,  typhoid,  vaccination,  vivisection. 

MECHANICS. 

Anvil,  bevel-gear,  buffer,  cam-wheel,  clamps,  coun- 
ter-balance, drill  press,  eccentric,  escapements,  flange, 
governor,  gudgeon,  hydrostatic  presses,  knuckle-joint, 
pile-driver,  pinions,  pulley,  ratchet-wheel,  screw-bolt, 
semaphore,  steam-gauge,  swivel-joint,  tilt-hammer, 
washer,  windlass,  winch. 

RAILROADING. 

Bill  of  lading,  collect  on  delivery  (C.  O.  D.),  con- 
signee, consignment,  consignor,  deadhead  (D.  H.), 
derail,  east-bound,  embankment,  en  route,  excursion, 
free  on  board  (f.  o.  b.),  gondola,  locomotive  (L-K-M), 
mileage,  overcharge,  perishable,  preferred  stock,  side- 
track, sidings,  stop-over,  tariff,  terminals,  time-table, 
tonnage,  tourist,  tracer,  traffic,  transatlantic,  transconti- 
nental, transit,  trestle,  vestibuled  train,  via,  way  bill 
(W.  B.),  west-bound. 

Note. — Where  the  name  of  a  railroad  is  frequently  repeated, 
an  arbitrary  sign  should  be  invented  for  it.  (See  194.) 

Atchison.  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe ;  Baltimore  &  Ohio; 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy;  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis  (Big  Four);  Lake  Shore  &  Mich- 


304  PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

igan  Southern  ;  Michigan  Central ;  Missouri  Pacific ; 
New  York.  Central  &  Hudson  River;  New  York, 
Pennsylvania  &  Ohio  (Xyp  &  O). 

LESSON   LXXXIX 
Technical  Language — Continued 

LAW. 

Adjudication,  allegation,  appellant,  appellee,  appur- 
tenances, attestation,  averment,  betterments,  bona  fide, 
caveat,  chancery,  codicil,  collateral,  complainant,  con- 
tributory negligence,  decedent,  defalcation,  demurrer, 
deponent,  devisee,  disclaimer,  easement,  ejectment, 
equitable,  escrow,  estoppel,  et  al.,  executor,  executrix, 
fee  simple,  garnishee,  guarantor,  guarantee,  guaranty, 
habeas  corpus,  hereditament,  hypothecate,  hypothetical, 
indefeasible,  in  re,  in  rem,  in  statu  quo,  incumbrance, 
interlocutory,  judiciary,  jurisprudence,  jurat,  juror,  lien, 
litigation,  malfeasance,  mandamus,  ouster,  overrule, 
parole,  per  se,  prima  facie,  procedure,  promissory, 
quasi,  quo  warranto,  recognizance,  referee,  replevin, 
replication,  requisition,  res  gestae,  respondent,  statute, 
statutory,  stipulation,  surrebutt-al,  surrogate,  testator, 
testatrix,  testamentary,  tort,  tro-ver,  usury,  venue,  ver- 
sus, waiver,  warranty,  witnesseth. 

ABBREVIATION  AND  POSITION. 

actionable  Kshn3-B  cross-examined  Krs-Mnt 

administrator        D-Ms-Trtr  direct  examina- 
administratrix  tion  Drs-Mn 

D-Ms-Trt-Ks  defendant  D 

assignable  Sn-B  indenture  Nd-Ntr  i 

constitutionality  .stTshn-T  plaintiff  P 

jurisdiction  Jrs-Dshn  prejudicial  Pr-Jt-SH 

recollect  R  severally  sV-T 

cross-examina- 
tion   Krs-Mn 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  305 

PHRASING. 

justice  (of  the)  peace 

party  of  the  first  part  Prt-first-P 

party  of  the  second  part  Prt-sKnt-P 

I  will  ask  you  L-sK 

I  will  ask  you  to  state  L-sK-sTt 

in  this  state  N-DHs-Tt 

at  all  times  Tit-Ms  3 

in  reality  Nrl-T 

anyhow  N-poid  I 

until  after  Tlftr  3 
to  the  best  of  my  recollection  Bs-Rshn 

Legal  papers  of  all  kinds  should  be  practiced,  in  or- 
der to  become  familiar  with  their  peculiar  phraseology. 
Below  are  given  a  few  samples : 

WARRANTY    PEED. 

THIS  INDENTURE  WITNESSETH,  That  Lawrence  M. 
Kellogg  of  Marion  county,  in  the  state  of  Indiana, 
conveys  and  warrants  to  Arthur  Trowbridge  of  Marion 
county,  in  the  state  of  Indiana,  for  the  sum  of  four 
thousand  dollars  ($4,000),  the  receipt  whereof  is 
hereby  acknowledged,  the  following  real  estate  in 
Marion  county,  in  the  state  of  Indiana,  to-wit:  Lot 
number  ten  (10)  of  Johnson's  subdivision  of  lots  five 
(5)  to  fourteen  (14),  inclusive,  of  Fisk's  addition  to 
the  city  of  Indianapolis,  subject  to  the  taxes  and  assess- 
ments of  the  year  19... 

IN  WITNESS  WHEREOF,  The  said  Lawrence  M. 
Kellogg  has  hereunto  set  his  hand  and  seal,  this  •  •  day 

of 19-  • . 

(Seal) 

TAYLOR — 2O. 


306  PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

BOND. 

KNOW  ALL  MEN  BY  THESE  PRESENTS,  That  William 
Brown,  of  the  county  of  Montgomery  and  state  of  Indi- 
ana, is  held  and  firmly  bound  unto  the 

Building  and  Savings  Association,  of  the  county  of 
Montgomery  and  state  of  Indiana,  in  the  sum  of  three 
thousand  dollars  ($3,000),  to  the  payment  of  which, 
well  and  truly  to  be  made  to  said  Association  or  its  suc- 
cessors, he  binds  himself,  his  heirs,  executors,  adminis- 
trators and  assigns,  firmly  by  these  presents. 

Sealed  with  his  seal,  and  dated  this  .  -  day  of 

I9-" 

The  condition  of  the  above  obligation  is  such  that  if 
the  above  bounden  William  Brown,  his  heirs,  executors, 
administrators  or  assigns,  shall  well  and  truly  pay  or 

cause  to  be  paid  to  the  above  mentioned  

Building    and   Savings   Association,    or   its   successors, 

on  or  before ,  the  just  and  full  sum  of  a 

loan  of  three  thousand  dollars  ($3,000)  this  day  to  him 
made,  together  with  interest  on  said  sum  .  .  .  then 
this  obligation  to  be  void,  otherwise  to  remain  in  full 
force  and  effect  .  .  . 

(Seal) 

AGREEMENT. 

THIS  AGREEMENT,   made  and   entered   into   on   this 

the  ••   day  of  19..   by  and  between   Aaron 

S.  Crane  of county,  state  of ,  of  the 

first  part,  and  the  Railway  Com- 
pany, of  the  second  part, 

WITXESSETH  : 

THAT,  W^HEREAS,  The  party  of  the  second  part  is 
proposing  to  construct,  operate  and  maintain  an  electric 
line  from  the  city  of to  the  town  of , 


PRIXCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  307 

and  desires  to  procure  a  right  of  way  for  the  said  rail- 
way through  the  land  of  the  said  party  of  the  first  part: 
Xow.  THEREFORE,  Said  party  of  the  first  part,  in 
consideration  of  the  benefits  accruing  to  him  from 
the  construction  of  said  road  and  the  payment  of  one 
dollar  ($1.00)  by  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  the 
receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged,  hereby  agrees 


And  it  is  further  expressly  stipulated  and  agreed  that, 
should  said  railroad  cease  to  be  kept  as  a  railroad,  then 
said  right  of  way  of  land  shall  revert  to  said  party  of 
the  first  part,  his  heirs  or  assigns,  said  party  of  the 
second  part  reserving  the  right  in  case  of  the  reversion 
of  said  land  and  right  of  way  to  said.  party  of  the  first 
part,  to  remove  all  of  its  said  railroad  materials  consti- 
tuting the  said  line  within  six  months  of  the  re-entry  of 
said  party  of  the  first  part 

IN  WITNESS  WHEREOF,  The  aforesaid  parties  have 
hereunto  set  their  hands  and  seals  this  ----  da  of 


(Seal) 

Bv.. 

j-V 

President. 

Secretary. 

Attest 


EVIDENCE. 

204.  In  reporting  the  testimony  of  witnesses  in  court 
it  is  found  convenient  to  commence  every  question  at 
the  beginning  of  a  new  line,  and  to  keep  answers  a  little 
way  from  the  beginning.  Each  answer  also  should  take 
a  new  line  unless  very  short.  The  following  extract 
illustrates  this  mode  of  taking  evidence.  The  form  of 
transcript  is  shown  in  the  Reading  Key. 


308  PRINCIPLES,   EXPEDIENTS,   ETC. 

f  ^ 


U     5     <\    -^x 

V y        J, 


>L 


0  V  '  .X 

J 


V  c 

\o 


>  s —        v — '   \ 

£     1  X 


86 


opi    < 


\ 


/     x" 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  309 

Exercise  on   Testimony. 
(Introducing  more  phrases.) 

What-is-(your)-name  ?     William  Stewart. 

Where-(do  you)-reside?     In  Freeport. 

How-long  (have  you)  lived-there  ?  As-near-as-(I)- 
can-remember  I-have  lived  in-this-state  twenty-three 
years  and  in-this-city  about  ten. 

What-is-(your)-business?     I-am-a  manufacturer. 

Are- you  the  defendant  in-this-action  ?     Yes-sir. 

I-call-your-(att)ention  to-an  interview  you-had  in 
September  with-the  plaintiff.  Do-you-recollect-that? 
I-do(n)'t-remember  the  exact-time. 

I-will-ask-(you  to)- state -whether -(or)- not  you -re- 
member having-a  conversation  with  him  in  Freeport  at- 
anv-time.  Yes,  but  I-am-5nclined-(to)-think  it-was 
later-than  September. 

In-order-(to)-give-you     an     opportunity    to    refresh- 
(your)  -  recollection,  with  -  your  -  per(mis)sion   I  -  will  -  . 
show-you  a  contract  that-was-made  at-that-time.     You- 
may-recall-that?     I-do,    and    I-am  (con)vinced    by-the 
date  (of  the)  contract. 

Do  -  you  -  acknowledge  now  that -the  (con)versation 
was  in  September?  Yes-sir. 

You  -  are -very- sure  of -it,  are -you -not?  Yes,  and 
wi(th)-reason,  since  (i)n-almost  every  page  the  date  is 
repented. 

Do-you-remember  whether-(or)-not  any  matter-(of)- 
importance  was  talked-of  in-that  (con)versation  ?  I-re- 
member  we-talked-of  several-matters  such-as-are  usually 
considered  important,  but  it-is  absolute(ly)-imposs,ible 
for  me  to  fix  upon  any-one  as  more-important  than- 
another. 

Well,    in-(the)-first-p(l)ace,    in -the    ( conversation 


3IO  PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

\vith-the  plaintiff  at-that-time,  didn't-you-speak-of  your 
expectation  of-a  gift  of  money  from-an  uncle  in  Kansas- 
City  which-might  reach  as-high-as  (s-toid-s)  $5,000? 
I-may-(have)-done-so. 

You-must-(have).-been  rather  (con)scious  (of  the) 
expectation  at-all-times.  Was-it-not  in-fact  one-(of 
the)-most-important  things  you  talked-of-there?  Well, 
it-was  one-(of  the)-most-important  circumstances  of-my 
life  at-that-time,  but  I-was-not  talking  of-it  to  every-one. 

Even  if-such-is-(the)-case,  is-it-not  likely-to-(have)- 
-been  talked-of  between  you-and-the  plaintiff  w'no-was 
one-(of  the)-best  friends  you-had  up-(to)-that-date? 
I-may-(have)-said  something-(or)-other  to-him  in-re- 
gard-(to  the)-matter,  or  referred  to-it  in-some-way- 
(or)-other  but  I-do-(n)ot-remember-it  now. 

You-may-not-remember-the  circumstances  (of  the) 
case,  as-it-has-not-been  recently  in-your-mind,  but,  with- 
your-(att)entiOn  called  to-it  now,  in-order-(to)-under- 
stand  the  matter,  I-will-ask-(you  to)-state-(to  the)- 
court  whether-(or)-not  you-did  in-fact  have-a  (con)ver- 
sation  with-the  plaintiff  on-this-subject.  Do.all-you-can 
to-recall-it  aiid  take  your-own-time  to  answer.  As-it- 
has-been  so  long-ago  my  remembrance  in-the-matter 
is-not  clear,  but  I-think-it-was  talked-of. 

You-are-certain-of-it,  are-you-not?  I-am-very-certain 
that-the  plaintiff  spoke-of-his-own  expectations. 

What-reason  had-he  for-it?  What-information  had- 
you  given  him?  Well,  in-order-(to)-accommodate-you 
I-will-say  I-am-very-certain  I-told-him  of-my  expecta- 
tions. 

On-that-particular-occasion  ?     I-didn't-say-that. 

Here-is-a  letter  of-recent-date  which  I-wish  you-would 
identify.  It-is-myletter. 

To-whom?     To  my  brother-in-law. 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  3!! 

In-that  letter  do-you-not  use  this  language: 

"  I-wish-the  bosses  (of  the)  Democratic-party  here 
would  haste n-their  affairs  along  and  finish-their-business 
with  B.,  in  order-that  we-might  receive  what-was  prom- 
ised-us.  While-they-try-to  work  against-us  they-are, 
in-reality,  working  for-us.  With-my-money  and  with- 
my-influence  I-intend  to  bring  things  to-a  crisis  soon. 
We-will-try-to  keep  S.  B.  quiet  anyhow  until-after-the 
election.  He-says  he-is  out-of-patience  and  it-is-his- 
intention  to  sue.  When-he-was  in  Freeport  in-Septem- 
ber  I-feared  that  such-were-his-intentions,  and  so  I-in- 
formed-him  then  that-my  uncle  had  promised  to-do 
spmething  for  me,  and  that  I-hoped-(to)-have-informa- 
tion  5n-a  week  (or)  two  that-the  promise  was  to-be 
carried  out  at-once." 

What-say-you  to-that?  To-whom  does  the  S.  B. 
refer?  I-suppose-it  was  Silas  Benton. 

The  plaintiff  in-this-case  ?     I-presume-so. 

Don't-you-know-it  ?     Yes-sir. 

In-order-(to)-be-certain,  look  at-the  letter  again,  and 
state-(to  the)-court  definitely  whether-(or)-not-the  S.  B. 
referred  to  in-that-letter  is-the  Silas  Benton  who-is-the 
plaintiff  in-this-case.  Yes-sir,  he-is. 

Then  you-did-have-a  (con)versation  with-the  plaintiff 
in-September  at-the-time  of-his-visit-there  in-regard-(to)- 
your  financial  expectations  from  Kansas-City?  Yes-sir. 

That-is-all. 

(No  objections  of  counsel  or  rulings  of  court  are  here 
introduced.  When  they  occur,  or  when  papers,  etc., 
are  introduced-  in  evidence,  the  fact  must  be  noted,  and 
a  full  statement  of  it  should  appear  in  the  transcript. 
See  court  records  for  examples.) 


312 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 


LESSON   XC 
Technical  Language — Continued 

RELIGION. 

The  student  should  practice  the  names  of  the  books 
of  the  Bible  and  Scripture  proper  names,  and  should 
write  Bible  language,  as  well  as  matter  from  religious 
periodicals  and  sermons.  In  writing  Bible  references, 
the  number  of  the  book  may  take  the  first  position,  the 
chapter  the  second  and  the  verse  the  third,  in  whatever 
order  these  may  be  given.  The  following  abbreviated 
words  will  be  found  useful : 


ABBREVIATION 

AND    POSITION. 

almighty 

all-Mt  i 

Holy  Ghost 

H-Gst  3 

angel 

Jl 

Holy  Scripture 

H-sKr  3 

archangel 

R-Ji 

Holy  Spirit 

H-sPrt  3 

archbishop 

R-CH-B 

irreligion 

R-Jni 

baptism 

B-Ps-M 

irreligious 

R-Js  i 

baptist 

B-Pst 

Jesus  Christ 

Jss-K 

baptize 

B-Ps 

Jesus  of 

benediction 

Bn-Dshn 

Nazareth 

Jss-N 

Catholic 

K-TH3 

Kingdom 

K  i 

Roman  Catholic  R-K-TH 

Kingdom  of 

ecclesiastic-al 

Kl-ssT 

Christ 

K-Krst  i 

evangelical 

V-N-J 

Kingdom  of 

celestial 

sL-sL 

God 

Kf-Gt  i 

hath 

TH3 

Kingdom  of 

hast 

St  2 

Heaven 

K-Vn 

holy 

H  3 

Lord 

Rd  i 

holier 

H-R3 

Methodist 

M-THtst 

holiest 

Hst3 

Methodist 

holiness 

H-Ns  3 

Episcopal   M-THts-P 

PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 


New  Testa- 

sectarianism 

sKt-sM 

ment 

Ntst 

skeptic-al-ism 

sK-Pt 

Old  Testa- 

thee 

i 

ment 

Ldst 

thy 

i 

orthodox 

R-TH-D 

thine 

i 

Presbyterian 

Prs-Bn 

thyself 

DHsi 

regeneration 

R-Jshn 

thou 

3 

Rev. 

R-V 

thou  art 

DHrt  3 

Rev.  Dr. 

R-V-Dr 

thou  art  not 

DHrnt  3 

sanctity 

sNG-T-T 

thou  hast 

DHst  3 

sanctify 

sNG-F 

thou  wilt 

DHlt3 

salvation 

sLshn 

verily 

Vr-L 

Exercise. 

The  text  is  from-the  Old  Testament.  He-will-not  be- 
lieve, though  an  archangel  from  celestial  realms  should 
speak.  He-is-a  member  of-the  Methodist-Episcopal 
church.  Albert  received  a  copy  of-the  New  Testament 
for  faithful  attendance  at-the  Methodist  Sunday-school. 
He-is-a  Catholic  and  holds  a  high  ecclesiastical  office, 
that  of  archbishop.  The  Evangelical  Alliance  under- 
takes to  determine  what-is  orthodox.  The  Rev. -Dr. 
Brown  will-be  present  at-the  dedication  of-the  new  Pres- 
byterian church.  The  sanctity  of-the  house  is  profaned 
by-the  irreligious.  His  irreligion  and  skepticism  are 
deplored.  The  reverend  gentlemen  were  discussing- 
the  subject  of  baptism.  There-is-a  Roman-Catholic 
church  and-a  Baptist  church  in-the  town.  He  teaches 
that  regeneration  is-the  condition  of  salvation.  He 
preaches  the  kingdoin-of-God.  He-says  the  book  of 
Isaiah  is  full  of  references  to-the  kingdom-of-Christ. 
"  Canst  thou  find  out  the  Almighty  unto  perfection?" 
"  Hast-thou  perceived  the  breadth  of-the  earth?  De- 
clare if  thou  knovvest  it  all." 


314  PRINCIPLES.    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

"Thou-art  become  cmel  to  me;  I-know  that  thou- 
wilt  bring  me  to  death.  Behold,  in-this  thou-art-not 
just." 

"  Sanctify  thyself  and  come  with-me  to-the  sacrifice." 

"And  Peter  said  unto  them,  Repent  and  be  baptized 
every-one  of-you  in-the  name  of  Jesus-Christ  for-the 
remission  of  sins,  and  ye-shall  receive  the  gift  of-the 
Holy  Ghost." 

"Another  angel  came  and  stood  at-the  altar." 

'•Philip  findeth  Xathanael  and  saith  unto  him.  We- 
have  found  him  of  whom  Moses  in-the  law  and-the 
prophets  did  write,  Jesus-of-Nazareth,  the  son  of 
Joseph." 

"How-much  more  shall  your  Heavenly  Father  give 
the  Holy -Spirit  to-them  that  ask  him." 

"It-is  your  Father's  good  pleasure  to  give  you  the 
Kingdom." 

"Blessed  are  the  poor  in  spirit,  for  theirs  is-the  king- 
dom-of-heaven. " 

"But  when  thou  doest  alms,  let  not  thy  left-hand 
know  what  thy  right-hand  doeth." 

"The  day  is  thine,  the  night  also  is  thine;  thou-hast 
prepared  the  light  and-the  sun." 

"Why  do  thy  disciples  transgress  the  tradition  of-the 
elders?" 

"He-had  promised  by-his  prophets  in-the  holy-scrip- 
tures." 

'•Wherefore  the  law  is  holy,  and-the  commandment 
is  holy,  just  and  good." 

"A  people  .  .  .  which  say,  Stand  by  thyself, 
come  not  near  to  me,  for  I-am  holier-than  thou." 

"And  after-the  second  veil  the  tabernacle,  which-is 
called  the  holiest  of-all." 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  315 

"Follow  peace  with  all  men,  and  holiness,  without 
which  no  man  shall  see-the  Lord." 

"Verily,  verily,  I-say  unto  thee,  we  speak  that  wc-do 
know,  and  testify  that  we-have-seen." 


LESSON   XCI 

Hints  for  General  Practice  and  Practical  Work 

To  students  working  without  a  teacher  the  following- 
suggestions  may  be  of  value.  They  refer  only  to  the 
note-taking.  For  forms  of  transcript  the  student  should 
consult  a  work  on  typewriting. 

HOW    TO    WRITE    NEW    WORDS    QUICKLY. 

Ill  the  experience  of  every  writer  new  words  occur. 
But  the  longest  word,  from  the  standpoint  of  phonetics, 
is  merely  a  string  of  syllables.  Any  stenographer  can 
write  a  single  syllable  instantly.  Therefore  he  can 
write  the  longest  word  quickly.  An  awkward  outline 
may  result,  but  it  will  be  legible  if  it  represents  all  the 
sounds  in  the  word.  Many  long  words  will  suggest 
their  best  outlines  at  the  first  writing.  For  those  which 
do  not,  a  better  form  can  be  thought  out  afterwards  and 
practiced  for  future  use.  The  following  words  will 
illustrate.  Write  them  one  after  the  other  as  rapidly  as 
possible,  putting  down  syllable  by  syllable  as  pro- 
nounced. 

procrastination  rehabilitation 

reverberatory  tetrahexahedral 

thaumaturgical  thermomultiplier 

patriarchism  miasmatical 

lexicographical  ineffectualness 

emancipationist  disproportionateness 

depopulator  chronogram  m  a  tical 


316  PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

Examine  the  outlines  to  see  if  any  may  be  improved. 
In  every  dictation  in  which  strange  words  occur,  take 
them  down  m  this  way  and  by  later  practice  bring  them 
into  the  familiar  vocabulary. 

THE  SECRET  OF  SPEED  AND  ACCURACY. 

The  student  who  has  practiced  all  the  exercises  in 
this  book  has  now  in  his  mind  thousands  of  word  forms, 
the  writing  and  reading  of  which  have  become  a  second 
nature.  After  finding  the  best  outline  for  a  new  word 
the  stenographer  should  always  use  the  same  form. 
The  amanuensis  in  any  special  line  of  business  should 
master  its  peculiar  vocabulary  as  quickly  as  possible. 
The  general  reporter  must  hesitate  at  nothing  whatever. 
To  know  word-forms  well,  so  that  they  can  be  written 
instantly  without  thought  and  recognized  at  sight,  is  the 
secret  of  speed  in  writing  and  of  accuracy  in  reading. 

HOW    TO    INCREASE    SPEED. 

Up  to  this  point  speed  has  not  been  a  special  object 
with  the  learner,  but  a  smooth,  quick  hand  should 
already  have  been  unconsciously  acquired.  Let  a  news- 
paper article  be  read  aloud,  not  too  fast,  but  steadily, 
at  a  pace  which  will  keep  the  stenographer  working 
hard.  The  writer  should  not  permit  himself  to  lose 
a  word.  The  arm  should  move  freely,  and  the  hand 
should  hold  the  pen  with  an  easy  grasp.  Otherwise 
the  muscles  will  soon  become  tired.  This  habit  should 
have  been  already  well  fixed.  Touch  the  paper  with  a 
light  stroke,  skimming  along  from  one  word  to  the  next 
without  any  lost  motion.  When  new  words  occur,  take 
them  as  above  directed,  and  go  right  on.  Do  not  let 
the  mind  dwell  on  what  has  been  written,  but  give  the 
whole  attention  to  the  word  in  hand.  A  divided  mind 
retards  speed ;  and  if  each  word  is  made  plain  all 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  317 

will  be  legible.  If  an  error  is  made  mark  it  out;  never 
erase.  After  writing  for  three  to  five  minutes,  count 
the  words  and  take  the  average  per  minute.  Go  through 
the  whole  of  the  shorthand,  examining,  improving  and 
practicing  outlines  if  there  have  been  new  ones,  and 
then  rewrite  the  article.  Decide  what  rate  of  speed  you 
wish  to  attain,  and  continue  to  practice  the  same  article 
until  that  speed  is  reached.  Then  take  another  article 
and  proceed  in  the  same  manner.  Read  everything. 
Practice  resolutely  in  this  way  until  new  matter  can  be 
written  at  the  desired  rate  of  speed.  Ordinary  dictation 
ranges  from  90  to  150  words  per  minute.  Business 
letters  and  circulars,  legal  papers,  newspaper  articles 
and  books  will  supply  material. 

HOW    TO    TAKE    DICTATION. 

Write  as  directed  in  the  last  paragraph.  The  stenog- 
rapher should  be  quiet  in  his  movements  so  that  the 
dictator  may  not  be  disturbed  in  his  thought.  Have 
sharp  pencils,  or  fountain  pen,  and  note  book  always 
ready.  Turn  leaves  quickly  and  without  noise.  If  a 
word  is  not  understood,  put  a  cross  in  the  margin  to 
mark  the  place,  and  when  the  dictation  is  finished,  or  at 
a  suitable  pause,  ask  what  it  was.  When  the  dictator 
stops  to  think,  the  stenographer  may  glance  back  over 
his  notes,  and  make  an  outline  more  perfect  here  or 
there,  place  more  vowels,  try  to  recall  a  lost  word,  or 
put  in  punctuation  marks.  Legibility  must  be  kept  in 
mind  constantly.  Every  new  word  must  be  sufficiently 
vocalized.  The  time  can  be  made  up  on  familiar 
matter. 

HOW    TO    READ    SHORTHAND. 

The  student  will  already  have  learned  that  shorthand 
cannot  always  be  read  word  by  word  like  print.  The 


3x8  PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC. 

signs  depend  to  some  extent  upon  the  context  for  their 
interpretation.  Therefore,  in  reading  notes  aloud,  the 
eye  should  glance  forward  along  the  lines  some  distance 
ahead  of  the  spoken  words.  In  this  way  the  sense  will 
be  gathered  before  the  words  must  be  pronounced. 
Such  reading  will  sound  as  smooth  as  the  reading  of 
print,  though  it  requires  closer  attention  on  the  part  of 
the  reader.  In  reading  for  transcript,  the  same  method 
should  be  used.  Then,  if  a  word  is  not  recognized  at 
sight,  analyze  it;  tha.t  is,  pronounce  the  represented 
sounds  in  close  succession.  If  it  defies  analysis,  recall 
your  common  errors  and  test  whether  the  sign  has  been 
correctly  made.  If  still  not  clear,  read  the  sentence 
with  particular  attention  to  the  meaning,  and  try  to  sup- 
ply a  word  that  will  make  sense.  A  synonym  will  often 
suggest  the  correct  word,  which  can  then  be  verified  in 
the  sign.  If  it  is  impossible  finally  to  read  the  word, 
after  patient  trial,  and  the  dictator  is  absent,  the  stenog- 
rapher must  supply  a  word  which  will  convey  the  mean- 
ing. It  is  sometimes  necessary  for  the  stenographer  to 
correct  the  language  of  the  dictator. 

REPORTING. 

This  is  simply  stenography  raised  to  its  highest  power. 
Here  absolutely  no  quarter  is  given  to  the  writer.  He 
must  take  the  words  at  whatever  rate  the  speaker  may 
choose.  He  must  go  on  and  on.  An  immense  amount 
of  practicing  must  be  done  before  the  stenographer  can. 
trust  himself  to  do  general  reporting.  He  should  be 
familiar  with  the  whole  of  the  last  chapter  of  this  book, 
and  should  write  miscellaneous  matter  on  almost  every 
subject.  The  amanuensis  who  has  the  patience  to  take 
the  training  of  a  reporter  can  command  the  highest  sal- 
ary. A  good  knowledge  of  English  is  of  course  essen- 


PRINCIPLES,    EXPEDIENTS,    ETC.  319 

tial,  and  no  knowledge  comes  amiss  to  the  reporter. 
He  should  practice  on  real  speeches,  sermons,  conven- 
tions, evidence,  etc.,  reading  or  transcribing  everything 
he  writes. 

The  ability  to  attain  the  necessary  speed  may  be 
tested  by  writing  longhand  from  dictation  as  rapidly  as 
possible,  and  yet  legibly.  If  one  can  take  down  175  or 
more  characters  (letters  or  figures)  in  longhand  in  a 
minute,  he  can  probably  reach  the  necessary  speed  for 
reporting;  for  the  strokes  used  in  a  single  longhand  let- 
ter are  often  equivalent  to  several  words  in  shorthand. 

The  ability  to  write  any  word  without  hesitation,  to 
read  when  there  is  an  imperfect  representation  of  sounds 
or  none  at  all,  to  keep  the  attention  alert  and  let  nothing 
escape  observation,  to  relax  the  hand  without  missing  a 
word  or  dropping  the  pen,  to  keep  the  mind  intent  on 
the  speech  to  be  followed,  in  the  midst  of  a  jargon  of 
tongues,  is  essential  to  the  most  unpretending  reporter. 
But  all  this  and  more  is  possible  to  ambition  and  perse- 
verance, if  one  has  the  natural  qualifications — -a  firm 
will-power,  strong  concentration,  enduring  nervous  en- 
ergy, quick  movements,  a  quick  comprehension  and  a 
fine  sense  of  language. 


KEY  TO  THE  READING  EXERCISES 


Peach,  pick  —  peck,  back — Beck,  pipe,  teach,  top, 
deep,  take,  cheap,  check,  cake,  keep,  catch,  cage. 

3 

Thick,  sheep — ship — shop,  shake,  path,  both,  push, 
bush,  fife,  faith,  thief,  thieve,  sheaf,  shove — shave, 
sheath,  sheathe. 

5 

Like — look,  life,  live — leave,  also,  Louis,  lily,  lame, 
Laura,  Elihu — Lehigh,  make,  many — -money,  among, 
Mary,  Mayhew — Omaha,  neck — knock,  name,  Nora, 
ink,  king,  ripe,  rich — reach,  wreck — rock,  roof — rough, 
rush,  ring — wrong,  awake,  honey,  delay — daily,  jelly, 
zeal,  Tom,  fame,  shame,  China,  avenue,  dairy,  jurv, 
theory — thorough,  depth,  deputy,  beneath,  memory, 
period,  shipwreck. 

7 

Move,  map,  month,  cash,  mimic,  victim,  fac- 
tory, Jacob,  liked — looked,  game,  gem,  refuge,  agency, 
Gothic,  engage,  manage,  magic,  bank,  shank,  rank, 
busy,  dizzy  —  daisy,  chaos,  Chicago,  rough  —  roof, 
nymph. 

9 

Shall  Bessie  have  him  manage  your  baggage?  Will 
Jessie  think  them  long  enough?  Which  package  was 
for  Rebecca?  Your  company  shall  take  no  advantage. 
Dora  saw  them  go  together  along  your  avenue, 
Fannie  make  change  for  Matthew? 

320 


KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES  321 


Are  they,  do  they,  have  it,  have  they,  for  him,  for  it, 
for  them,  for  which,  for  vour,  it  may,  it  may  have, 
it  was,  shall  be,  shall  have,  they  have,  they  mav,  they 
say,  they  shall,  was  it,  which  may,  which  was,  will  be, 
will  they,  may  have,  may  they. 


Your  publisher  will  make  no  advantageous  ar- 
rangement before  January.  They  neglect  no  public 
engagement.  Your  English  company  will  manufac- 
ture nothing  before  November.  Your  knowledge  will 
especially  help  your  management.  Your  name  will 
forever  be  familiar.  Your  New  York  legislature  will 
never  acknowledge  your  right.  They  may  represent 
your  New  Hampshire  company  February  5. 

'5 

Tom  may  be  writing  for  your  committee.  They  may 
be  going  into  camp.  It  may  be  your  commentary. 
They  may  be  condemning  your  saying.  Having  no 
cash,  they  may  continue  writing  for  money. 

'7 

Bee,  tea,  eat,  kev,  eke,  fee,  eve,  sea,  ease,  Lee,  eel, 
ill,  knee,  inn,  ink,  image,  reap,  rip,  wee,  peach,  pitch, 
ring  —  wring,  pithy,  cheap,  chip,  keep,  Kitty,  vim, 
theme,  sheep,  ship,  leap,  lip,  meek,  Minnie,  sheaf, 
pity,  Lizzie,  myth,  limp,  reedy,  needy. 


Pay.  ape,  aid,  day,  Ed.,  edge,  ache,  egg,  fay,  lay,  ail 
—  ale,  ell,  aim,  nay  —  neigh,  way  —  weigh,  ray,  hay,  bake, 
Beck,  decay,  epic,  effigy,  wretch,  tame,  deck,  game, 

TAYLOR  —  21. 


322  KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES 

gem,  fame,  fetch,  cake,  keg,  dairy,  bury — berry,  lady, 
Lettie,  Jerry,  levy,  vary,  ferry,  namely. 

21 

Bah,  la,  fa,  ha,  ash,  am,  Emma,  Abbie,  agony,  balm, 
Adam,  damp,  calm,  camp,  thatch,  sham,  attack,  lamb, 
patch,  nap,  Hannah,  tap,  apathy,  Alva,  rang,  amity, 
famish,  fathom,  becalm,  anatomy,  mammoth,  camera, 
adage,  vanity,  matinee. 

23 

Paw,  taw,  jaw,  off,  odd,  saw,  awl,  olive,  balk,  lock, 
wrought,  rod,  Pawnee,  Polly,  jolly,  shop,  knotty, 
knock,  mock,  pomp,  comma,  dodge,  dock,  moth,  shock, 
Gothic,  rock,  foxy,  embody,  comic,  nominee,  botany, 
concoct,  demagogue,  Choctaw. 

25 

Low,  oath,  oak,  go,  obey,  echo,  joke,  coke,  foam, 
thumb,  depot,  wrung,  muff,  buggy,  dump,  numb, 
below,  funny,  domino,  evoked,  monetary,  monkey, 
locate,  Kokomo. 

27 

Ooze,  shoe,  canoe,  doom,  nook,  booth,  push,  loop, 
move,  loom,  cook,  tooth,  entomb,  bamboo,  ambush, 
Tippecanoe,  uncouth,  Altoona. 

29 

Isaac,  item,  pipe,  tithe,  dime,  chime,  pike,  like,  lime, 
knife,  coy,  ahoy,  noisy,  joy,  toy,  annoy,  couch,  gouge, 
mouth,  Howe,  view,  dew,  hue — hew,  eschew,  juicy, 
few,  eon,  Genoa,  Judea,  payee,  Leah,  boa,  cocoa, 
poesy,  Vienna,  piano,  Moab,  laity,  Deity,  gaiety,  naiad, 
heroic,  Miami,  boyish,  Jewish,  ruin,  Messiah,  bayou, 
dewy. 


KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES  323 

31 

Each  will  own  she  saw  us  in  July.  Though  they  see 
no  use  for  it,  they  may  buy  it  and  take  it  away.  She 
was  allowing  no  outlay  of  money  a  month  ago.  If 
they  use  my  knowledge  at  Albany  in  any  way,  how 
shall  they  pay  for  it?  By  which  common  road,  if  any, 
will  they  come  out?  Will  they  issue  the  check  in  my 
name  ? 

33 

Why  had  they  no  wish  to  be  at  home  at  any  time? 
The  young  lady  will  thank  us,  and  be  happy  if  she  may 
have  charge  of  teaching  any  language.  Was  she  ever 
wholly  busy  in  anything  of  importance  ?  They  hope 
the  timely  outlay  of  two  thousand  dollars  in  advertising 
will  help  much  to  enlarge  and  improve  the  manufac- 
ture. The  fact  was  they  had  given  the  usual  or  average 
length  of  time  to  bookkeeping. 

35 

Isaac  ought  to  be  willing  to  have  us  come  to  him 
to-day  or  to-morrow.  How  many  of  them  will  Ida  buy 
of  me?  Who  had  your  map  of  Iowa  on  which  Leo 
and  Isaac  should  be  busy  together  all  day?  Renew 
and  keep  to  your  ideal,  which  should  be  your  object 
now  and  all  your  life.  How  much  of  your  idea  should 
they  deem  altogether  new?  Ida  was  in  fact  asking  who 
should  be  on  your  committee,  although  she  already 
knew.  It  should  be  highly  important  to  them,  however, 
to  know  how  long  they  may  be  talking  together.  They 
may  be  in  time  to  go  to  Rocky  Height  by  way  of  my 
newly  improved  highway. 

37 

I  do,  I  had,  I  have,  I  hope,  I  judge,  I  know.  I  never, 
I  see,  I  say — saw,  I  was,  I  wish,  I  shall.  I  think. 


324  KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES 

I  am — may,  I  may  be,  I  may  have,  I  may  say,  I  will, 
I  will  be,  I  will  do,  I  will  say. 

I  come — came,  I  go,  I  should,  I  should  be,  I  should 
judge,  may  I,  do  I,  was  I,  if  I,  have  I,  shall  I. 

39 

By  the,  hope  the,  if  the,  for  the,  have  the,  think  the, 
in  the,  of  the,  all  the,  to  the,  on  the,  should  the,  how 
the,  take  the. 

At  the,  had  the,  which  the,  see  the,  was  the,  use  the, 
may  the,  or  the,  but  the,  shall  the. 

By  a,  be  a,  hope  a,  if  a,  for  a.  have  a,  think  a,  shall 
a,  in  a,  take  a,  of  a,  to  a,  on  a. 

At  a,  had  a,  which  a,  see  a,  was  a,  use  a,  may  a,  or 
a,  but  a,  and  a,  and  the,  &  Co.  * 

Buying  the,  buying  a,  having  the,  having  a,  doing 
the,  doing  a,  seeing  the,  seeing  a,  showing  the,  showing 
.  a,  owing  the,  owing  a,  knowing  the,  giving  a.  (The 
a  in  above  phrases  may  be  read  and.) 

41 

Ripe,  orb,  wreck,  argue,  racy,  Ursa,  rash,  Irish, 
Raleigh,  earl — early,  Aurora,  arid,  reach,  urge,  earthy, 
aroma,  roomy,  rhyme,  revive,  orphanage,  heirloom, 
area,  row,  arrow,  Erie,  array. 

43 

Cherry,  fairy,  fair,  infer,  inferior,  Ezra,  sower, 
sherry,  shower,  Laura,  lower,  error,  curry,  ivory,  Peru, 
Maria,  Myer,  Myra,  Murray,  Emory,  hero,  abhor,  rear, 
roar.  Avery. 

45 

Lock,  elk, •limb,  alum,  limp,  Ellery,  lobe,  alto,  latch, 
Elihu,  Lehigh,  lunch,-  lynch,  lasso,  althea,  lobby,  alight, 


KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES 


0-3 


oolong,  loathe,   lovely,  Elvira,  link,   Albino,  lilac,  lul- 
laby, logic,  Albany,  almanac,  Alabama,  litany. 

47 

111.  ally,  Eli,  folly,  fuel,  vowel,  valley,  vial,  mellow, 
zeal,  Powell,  aureole,  waylay,  royal,  hollow,  Howell. 
tallow,  dial,  jewel,  jelly,  rally,  commonly,  Lowell, 
lowly,  Lola,  Lillie,  lull,  loyal,  continual-ly,  wrongly, 
kingly,  Longley,  Gaelic,  loyalty. 

49 

Tissue,  dish,  dash,  fish,  lash,  Lucia,  Elisha,  shell, 
Shellev,  shallow,  sham,  shame,  bushy,  gash,  shabby, 
sheathe,  mesh,  gnash,  famish,  thievish,  lavish.  Letitia. 
Theodosia,  ash,  showy,  shoe. 

53 

Peas — peace,  bees,  toss,  toys,  oats,  Otis,  conduce, 
juice,  chose,  ages,  edges,  choice,  case,  gaze,  guess, 
aches,  gas,  ashes,  shoes,  thaws,  face — phase,  efface, 
fees,  views,  vows,  gnaws,  nice,  noise,  ounce,  alms, 
muse,  Hayes,  raise — race,  rise — rice,  rouse,  debase, 
deduce,  invoice,  annoyance,  ominous,  famous,  pathos, 
noxious,  factious,  cactus,  covetous. 

55  • 

Sip,  sap,  sob,  spy,  seat,  seed,  sought,  side,  stay,  soda, 
sage,  siege,  sky,  sake,  soggy,  sack,  sieve,  Seth.  scythe, 
seize,  cease,  sash,  sing,  sang,  sung,  song,  snowy,  sunny, 
psalrri,  sum — some,  sway,  sacks,  stays,  spies — spice, 
signs,  science,  suffuse,  sadness,  speedy,  speech,  skip, 
Scotch,  skim,  spike,  savage,  civic,  spacious,  suffocate, 
symphonv. 

57 

Upset,  bestow,  passive,  baseness,  absence,  spasm, 
dozen,  di>mav,  dusk,  disease,  chastise.  Jessup,  chosen, 


326  KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES 

Atchison,  exude,  Saxon,  sketches,  gossip,  cask,  oxen, 
gasp,  gazette,  visit,  visage,  musty,  mask,  massive,  un- 
seen, museum,  unsafe,  husk,  unmask,  namesake,  maj- 
esty, knapsack,  vouchsafe,  thickset,  gvpsum,  damson, 
keepsake,  venison,  damask,  pastime,  Pacific. 

59 

Lesson — lessen,  listen,  Lawson,  Allison,  Alaska, 
nicely,  Leslie,  search,  serve,  seriously,  vassal,  sear — 
sere,  sour,  assessor,  misery,  loser — looser,  Ellis,  Alice, 
alas,  arrows,  arose,  resign,  arsen,  axle,  resume,  officer, 
sincere;  resource,  laxity,  rapacity,  apparatus,  dissolve, 
refusal. 

61 

Pieces,  bases,  basis,  spaces,  teases,  doses — dozes, 
tosses,  juices,  chooses,  axes,  axis — access,  guesses, 
gazes,  voices,  effaces,  fuses,  thesis,  theses,  assesses, 
masses,  Moses,  ounces,  nieces,  senses,  census,  leases, 
roses,  houses,  recess,  Sussex,  saucer,  Caesar,  scissors, 
Cecil,  Sicily,  Cicero,  sausage,  incisive,  suspicious,  syn- 
opsis, exercise,  capsize,  stoicism,  asceticism,  hypothesis. 

63 

Paused,  past — passed,  stoop,  stab,  dust,  teased,  stout, 
stood,  chest,  joist,  ghost,  gazed,  stack,  stick,  vast,  fist, 
stiff,  stove,  zest,  assessed,  loosed,  lost,  style,  stole,  mast 
— massed,  moist,  steam,  stamp,  nest,  noised,  sting, 
stung,  roused,  rust,  story,  stare — stair,  store,  waste — 
waist,  west,  yeast,  housed,  hist — hissed,  spaced,  spiced, 
suffused,  sophist,  psalmist,  agonized,  text,  thickest, 
fenced,  fixed,  mixed,  enticed,  deduced,  digest,  evinced, 
infest,  storm,  stirrup,  amethyst,  stage-coach,  stellar, 
molest,  staunchest. 


KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES  327 

65 

Postal,  costly,  tasteless,  mostly,  honestly,  restless, 
unjustly. 

Castor,  Nestor,  Hester,  Foster,  minster — minister, 
Baxter,  teamster. 

Posts,  excesses,  posters,  tests,  Hester's,  guests,  mas- 
ters, lists,  wastes,  chests. 

67      . 

Weep,  web,  wood,  widow,  wage,  wedge,  week — 
weak,  wax,  wavy,  waif,  withe,  wash,  wing,  willow, 
wall,  wily,  wire,  wary,  worst,  win,  wine,  winces,  win- 
now, Yates,  yoke,  yam,  yell,  Uriah,  York,  yelk,  un- 
wary, warp,  workhouse,  wolfish,  walrus,  waxen,  wing- 
less, wink,  witness,  wampum,  Walker,  window,  weaver, 
sweep,  swoop,  sweet,  Swedish,  switch,  swag,  swing, 
swamp,  swim,  swirl,  swell,  swallow,  swerve,  wisdom, 
equip. 

69 

Query,  bequeathe,  squeeze,  twitch,  twig,  acquit, 
equity,  Aquilla,  equinox,  twist,  untwist,  squib,  quake, 
bewail,  quest,  inquest,  bequest,  qualm,  twang,  thwack, 
quack,  squaw,  quarry,  quota,  quoth,  wide,  widest,  in- 
signia, maniac,  folio,  youth,  unite,  unison,  ague,  rescue, 
sue,  suit,  due. 

7J 

We  said  we  would  go  with  you  and  we  were  ready 
to  do  so.  We  say  what  we  know  but  we  will  do  what 
you  say.  Were  we  saying  what  would  suit  you  ? 
Would  you  know  what  we  were  to  do?  What  were 
you  saving  when  you  were  in  the  1'oom  ?  Were  you  in 
New  York  while  we  were  at  home?  What  were  they 
to  do  while  you  were  doing  this?  Would  we  succeed 
as  you  said  if  you  and  I  should  go  together?  Would 
you  have  said  what  you  were  saying  if  you  had  seen  us? 


328         KEY  TO  THE  READING  EXERCISES 

73 

Heap,  hop,  hub,  hitch,  huge,  hedgerow,  hatchway, 
hack,  hawk,  hook,  hackney,  heave,  havoc,  heath,  hush, 
hash,  hall — haul,  hail — hale,  ham,  hum,  hemp,  hemor- 
rhage, hang,  hung,  hanger,  handy,  hare — hair,  hire, 
Hiram,  hearse,  hurl,  horror,  whey,  whig,  whack, 
whistle,  whiskey,  whine,  Whitney,  whiff,  whip,  whir, 
wharf,  whim,  Mohawk, 'hedgehog,  mishap,  rehash. 

75 

Sign — sine,  assignee,  sum,  assume,  wake,  awake, 
days — daze,  daisy,  moss,  mossy,  haste,  hasty,  dishonest, 
dishonesty,  rest,  reset,  yeast,  yeasty,  seek,  ask,  switch, 
assuage,  suppose,  espouse,  sofa,  ossify,  spices,  auspices, 
sail,  assail,  Syria,  Assyria,  season,  assassin,  sage, 
osage,  gust,  gusty,  ghost,  gusset,  mist — missed,  mistv, 
dust,  dusty,  rust,  rusty,  roast,  russet,  designs,  decency, 
bestows,  apostasy,  menaced,  amnesty,  fixed,  fixity. 

79 

Beat — beet — bead,  pit,  bet — bed.  paid, boat — bowed — 
bode,  boot,  tight — tide — tied,  died,  deed,  debt — dead, 
date,  Ted,  cheat,  jot,  edged,  jet,  chewed,  kite,  guide — 
guyed,  caught,  cut,  coat — code,  goat — goad,  gate — gait, 
oft,  fought,  feet — feat — feed,  fight,  vied,  fit,  fate — fade, 
fed,  vat,  viewed,  aft,  thought — thawed,  east — eased, 
shot — shod,  sheet,  showed,  shed,  shade,  shoot,  heat, 
— heed,  hot — hod,  Hoyt,  head,  hat,  hate,  hood,  hoot, 
meet — meat,  mead,  mate,  made — maid,  mat,  mad, 
mote — moat,  mode — mowed,  mud,  neat,  need,  knit, 
gnawed,  nod,  gnat,  Ned,  net,  end,  ant — aunt,  lead, 
lit — lid,  late — laid,  let — lead,  ailed,  old,  art,  erred. 


KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES  329 


Sipped,  sobbed,  spot,  pots  —  pods,  bites  —  bides, 
stopped,  steeped,  sapped,  spout,  spades,  boats  —  bodes, 
stooped,  heaped,  hopped,  wept,  swept,  whipped,  sedate, 
statute,  deeds,  dots,  dates,  debts,  didst,  stitched,  cheats, 
jets,  guides,  stocked,  walked,  wicket  —  wicked,  scout, 
skate,  sect,  stacked,  staked,  waked,  hooked,  hacked, 
sift,  fights,  swift,  heaved,  fates  —  fades,  waved  —  waived, 
stuffed,  seethed,  thoughts,  soothed,  seized,  sized,  ousts, 
assets,  shouts,  hushed,  washed,  salt,  slight  —  slide, 
sealed,  lots,  styled,  steeled,  stilt  —  stilled,  wild,  wilt  — 
willed,  yield,  slats,  slate,  consult,  smite,  steamed, 
smote,  summed,  stemmed,  signed,  wind,  hint,  hunt, 
sand,  sounds,  saint,  snowed,  went,  heeds,  hoods,  sort, 
hired,  soured,  soared  —  sword,  seared,  arts,  stared, 
steered,  Ward,  wired,  word. 

83 

Cadet,  cashed,  ignite,  adapt,  debate,  dashed,  dimmed, 
agitate,  Egypt,  epithet,  begged,  shaft,  astute,  assumed, 
thatched,  theft,  vivid,  knocked,  notched,  envied,  moved, 
maimed,  lodged,  laughed,  lift,  lulled,  rocked  —  rocket, 
react,  wrecked,  reached,  arched,  urged,  rapid  —  wrapped, 
repute,  rivet,  sketched,  scathed,  schemed,  spiked, 
snatched,  snapped,  solved,  designed,  descend,  decent, 
dismayed,  poisoned,  lisped,  lessened,  listened,  risked, 
reasoned,  resent,  result,  absent,  hastened,  absolute, 
dispute,  instead,  upward,  reward,  Edward,  rectitude, 
rectified,  legitimate,  dictate,  absurdity,  evident,  con- 
fident, latitude,  altitude,  obliterate. 


Epitomize,  cupiditv,   petrified,  butter,  detached,   de- 
tect,   (leadlv.    tawdry,     Chad  wick.     Chatham,     Chatta- 


330  KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES 

nooga,  goodness,  catalogue,  aspect,  cotton,  cottage, 
codify,  catsup,  evidence,  confidence,  fetish,  fatten, 
esteem,  estimate,  estuary,  slightly,  lateness,  ultimate, 
olden,-  mitigate,  lighten,  lightness,  lottery,  model, 
symptom,  meditate,  mattock,  Madison,  medicine,  noti- 
fied, needle,  nettle,  reticent,  ratify,  heedless,  headache, 
hotly,  hidden,  artless,  erratic,  attitude,  pathetic,  meth- 
odic. 

87 

Oust,  aside,  saved,  safety,  fight,  Fido,  salt,  solid, 
inked,  iniquity,  bought,  body,  badly,  bodily,  tight — tied 
— tide,  tidy,  knot,  knotty,  shade,  shady,  sent — cent — 
sgent,  senate,  loft,  lofty,  notes,  notice,  pit,  pity,  midst, 
modest,  jet,  jetty,  gate,  Katie,  might,  mighty,  lot,  Lot- 
tie, hot — hod,  haughty,  road — rode  —  rowed,  select, 
pasted,  toasted,  adjusted,  posted,  feasted,  assisted, 
listed,  rested,  hoisted,  stated,  committed,  insisted,  com- 
mended, computed,  deeded,  started,  cheated,  heated, 
admitted,  connected,  voted,  yielded,  shouted,  feared, 
swayed,  mastered,  picked,  resigned,  loved,  least — 
leased,  revised,  tossed. 

89 

Fighter,  fetter  —  feather,  fodder,  theater,  thither, 
Easter,  Esther,  oyster,  aster,  shatter,  shutter — shudder, 
loiter,  lighter,  latter — ladder — lather,  later,  motor,  mut- 
ter— mother,  niter,  anchor — anger,  ember,  weather, 
whither,  winter,  holder,  smoother,  smattering,  slaugh- 
ter, starter,  swelter,  hanker,  hunger,  anchorage,  rancor, 
languor,  neutral,  anthracite,  asteroid,  Anderson,  wil- 
derness, render,  finger,  cumber,  laughter,  temperate, 
alternately. 

9i 

My  dear  sir,  I  shall  be  there  as  a  spectator  and  hearer 
\vlun  the  last  chapter  is  read.  The  other  day  I  heard 


KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES  331 

that  Potter  was  hastening  hither  and  thither  gathering 
up  evidence  for  the  case  out  there.  We  would  be  there 
to  help  each  other  search  for  the  writer.  Were  there 
any  others  up  there  who  showed  by  their  faces  that  they 
liked  the  picture?  We  were  there  with  the  maps  before 
he  got  there.  I  went  there  in  September,  while  Arthur 
still  lived  there.  I  rather  think  there  were  hotter  days 
last  year.  Would  there  be  enough  debaters  left  there 
if  I  came  away  ? 

95 

Able,  plow,  ply,  blast,  bluster,  claw,  glue,  eagle, 
closed,  cloister,  flue — flew,  oval,  bloom,  plush,  blos- 
som, clam,  club,  clash,  clock,  clasp,  classic,  flame, 
flash,  flask,  cable,  audible,  chapel,  pupil,  fable,  sample, 
rebel,  steeple,  stubble,  peddle — pedal,  battle,  shuttle, 
huddle,  Mitchel,  cudgel,  tackle,  bugle,  ethical,  vocal, 
knuckle,  oracle,  haggle,  baffle,  shovel,  level,  ireful, 
stifle,  Bethel,  bushel,  official,  facial,  camel,  animal, 
enamel,  kennel,  channel,  panel,  funnel,  laurel,  mural, 
rural,  unlikely,  plural,  flannel. 

97 

Plot — plod,  plight — plied,  bleat — bleed,  plat — plaid, 
plate — played,  cleat,,  glowed,  glued,  Clyde,  glide, 
glade,  clad,  flight,  flat,  float — flowed,  flute,  flayed, 
athlete,  blotter,  clatter,  flutter,  supply,  supple,  sable, 
settle,  saddle,  satchel,  sickle,  civil,  social,  cereal,  dis- 
ciple, disable,  adducible,  visible,  feasible,  peaceable, 
gospel,  paschal,  physical — fiscal,  musical,  rascal,  Has- 
kell,  peaceful,  bicycle,  plausible,  civilized,  displaced, 
disclosed. 

99 

Price — prize,  brow,  trace — trays,  otter,  gross — grows, 
auger — augur,  fry,  over,  throws,  author,  Asher,  Homer, 


33-  KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES 

honor,  inner,  prior,  breath,  trudge,  trash,  grim,  crash, 
acreage,  frames,  fresh,  froth,  throngs,  throbs,  deeper, 
cheaper,  copper,  fiber,  hopper,  betray,  astray,  ultra, 
Andrew,  preacher,  treachery,  ledger,  voucher,  major, 
Roger,  baker,  tucker,  checker,  cracker,  thicker,  sugar, 
locker,  rocker,  maker,  angry,  fever,  shaver,  silver, 
hover,  pressure,  treasure,  fisher — fissure,  leisure,  meas- 
ure, erasure,  Palmer,  plumber,  grammar,  rumor — 
roomer,  hammer,  trimmer,  shimmer,  miner — minor, 
banner,  Elinor,  trade — trait,  effort,  fruit,  gratitude, 
co-operate,  record,  Bradley,  orchard,  greater,  traitor — 
trader,  brighter,  fritter. 

101 

Spray,  supper,  sober,  straw,  cedar,  suitor,  screw, 
succor,  seeker,  sever,  suffer,  sooner,  sinner,  sprite, 
sobered,  secret,  sacred,  screwed,  straight — strayed, 
construed,  stopper,  steeper,  stupor,  stutter,  stagger, 
Stocker,  sister,  sisterly,  spring,  sprinkle,  soberly,  so- 
briety, supreme,  stripe,  strap,  streak,  stretch,  stream, 
streamer,  string,  struggle,  scrap,  script,  scribble,  scratch, 
scream,  sprightly,  straightway,  stratum,  stratagem, 
secretly,  scrutiny,  secretary,  whisper,  Jasper,  Caspar, 
lisper,  reciprocate,  pastry,  extra,  illustrate,  mystery, 
frustrate,  orchestra,  rostrum,  disagreeable,  disgrace, 
Oxford,  gossamer,  listener,  disaster. 

103 

Grassy,  approach,  shimmer,  breezy,  crooked,  brook, 
reaper,  shipper,  pitcher,  archer,  tremble,  bracelet, 
Emerson,  freckle,  fretful,  grateful,  traceable,  Detroit, 
bribery,  travel,  flicker,  prop,  freak,  cripple,  dagger, 
excrescence,  tapestry,  draggle,  blasphemer,  refract, 
shrubbery,  glimmer,  frugal,  crinkle,  trample,  crumble, 
generous,  apostrophe,  Nebraska,  contrary,  Pressley, 


KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES  333 

precisely,   thrust,    creditors,    daughter,    editor,    auditor, 
tatter,  slippery,  chronicle. 

I05 

Jeer,  hill,  heel — heal,  tear — tier,  tearful,  till,  peerage, 
lyric,  gear,  filbert,  repeal,  congeal,  revere,  jail,  delicate, 
entail,  snail,  smelter,  shellfish,  relish,  velvet,  repel,  dis- 
pel, verity,  felony,  barb,  barber,  asparagus,  Bernard, 
ballast,  marsh,  marker,  fallacy,  discard,  scarlet,  canal, 
charter,  alarm,  carpet,  spark,  scalpel,  cartridge,  tardy, 
barge,  parch,  bark,  parcel,  Martha,  lark,  bard,  dart, 
cart — card,  chart — charred,  mart — marred,  lard. 

107 

Policy,  torpid,  tolerate,  George,  fork,  Thorpe, 
enormous,  Norway,  hall,  tall,  doll,  polka,  bulky, 
bolster,  burst,  import,  comport,  disburse,  turkey, 
gurgle,  culprit,  discourse,  courtesy,  cursed,  exculpate, 
gold,  sculptor — sculpture,  shore,  vulnerable,  lore,  lurk, 
slur,  mourner,  murky,  moulder,  knoll,  null,  roll — role, 
hull,  poorly,  contour,  full,  foolish,  moor,  file,  pile,  tire, 
lyre,  mile,  mire,  Nile,  boil,  toil,  coil,  foil,  howl,  scowl, 
skewer,  queer,  squeal,  twill,  square,  dwell,  quail,  quart, 
quorum,  quire — choir,  pure,  inure,  dearth,  mirth,  infirm 
fertile,  shirk. 

109 

Inspire,,  unsparing,  ensober,  insuppressible,  unstrung, 
inscribe,  unscrupulous,  inscrutable,  insufferable,  un- 
social, ensnare,  unsupplied,  instill,  install,  unskilled, 
uncivilized,  unseal,  unsolved,  enslaved,  insulate,  in- 
sulator, insular,  insult,  unsold,  unsepulchred,  unsullied,, 
insomnia. 

in 

April,  Blair,  droll,  saddler,  Charles,  curl,  scholar, 
furl,  floor,  flour — flower,  fowler,  frill,  thrill,  ethereal, 


334  KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES 

Merrill,  gnarl,  gnarled,  snarl,  scrawl,  enscroll,  ocular, 
bachelor,  clearly,  inaugural,  imperial,  nobler,  trifler, 
flourish,  pleurisy,  corporal,  corporeal,  funeral,  North 
Carolina,  oracular,  muffler,  mackerel,  neuralgia,  astral. 

"3 

Mary  Moore  loves  to  roam  over  hill  and  hollow.  He 
got  into  the  saddle  and  rode  sadly  away.  They  will 
care  for  our  civil  rights  and  carry  us  safely  through  this 
crisis.  They  were  melting  tar  for  the  roof  of  the  tower. 
She  was  frail  and  weak,  but  freely  offered  her  aid. 
Clara  says  it  has  a  pearly  look,  though  it  is  clear  it  is 
not  a  pearl.  Her  hair  is  somewhat  curly,  but  does  not 
curl  easily.  Flora  Barlow  will  send  them  a  barrel  of 
flour.  The  sun  came  out  in  glory,  but  the  glare  hurt 
my  eyes.  The  golden  rule  is  a  royal  law. 

117 

Pawn,  bane,  weapon,  Spain,  spoon,  plain — plane, 
brown,  auburn,  burn,  sprain,  tone,  den,  sadden,  Sutton, 
train,  torn,  strewn,  stone,  Staten,  chin,  churn,  sojourn, 
Eugene,  keen,  skein,  clan,  green,  screen,  corn,  scorn, 
weaken,  often,  oven,  Stephen,  soften,  flown,  haven, 
frown,  fern,  thin,  heathen,  thrown  —  throne,  ocean, 
shine,  shorn,  assign,  Allen,  Helen,  slain,  learn,  swol- 
len, moan,  omen,  summon,  salmon,  mourn,  human, 
noun,  run,  ran,  serene,  warn,  worn,  sworn,  Aaron, 
arraign,  urn — earn,  horn,  yarn,  iron,  stern,  swain, 
swoon. 

119 

Pounce,  bounce,  bounced,  bounces,  puns,  punster, 
plains — planes,  prince,  .princes,  spurns,  duns — dunce, 
dance,  dances,  danced,  trance,  trances,  trains,  widens, 
tolerance,  chance,  chances,  chanced,  churns,  cans, 
canst,  canister,  Kansas,  fans,  Stephen's,  fence,  fences, 


KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES  335 

offense,  offensive,  evince,  evinced,  thence,  Athens, 
assigns,  shuns,  shines,  lens,  saloons,  silence,  learns, 
woolens,  mains,  immense,  moons,  mince,  minces, 
minced,  minster — minister,  noons,  onions,  announce, 
announces,  rinse,  rinses,  rinsed,  concerns,  warns,  hones, 
Stearns. 

121 

Kitchen,  cabin,  token,  deacon,  chicken,  Japan, 
beckon,  balloon,  shaken,  famine,  Nathan,  marine, 
liken,  lagoon,  laden,  legion,  leaven,  linen,  lemon,  Ore- 
gon, Roman,  reckon,  regain,  retain,  routine,  ordain, 
origin,  region,  repine,  orphan,  refine,  yeoman,  coach- 
man, Babylon,  escutcheon,  napkin,  Michigan,  sunken, 
sylvan,  sermon,  surgeon,  Ruskin,  muslin,  festoon,  Bos- 
ton, destine,  oxygen,  dragon,  brighten,  Herman,  de- 
cline, dethrone,  chaplain,  chagrin,  enthrone,  enshrine, 
incline,  recline,  McLain,  refrain,  Jordan,  drunken, 
illumine,  Napoleon. 

123 

Pint  —  pined,  bond,  paint  —  pained,  pant,  bounds, 
pent — penned,  append,  opened,  spanned,  prints, 
planed — plaint,  sprained,  suspend,  splint,  tint — tinned, 
stint,  stand,  daunt,  dawned,  sweetened,  taint,  dent, 
tents,  stained,  stoned,  constituent,  sustained,  consistent, 
trained,  strands,  joints,  chant,  chained,  churned,  kind, 
skinned,  cleaned,  scorned,  screened,  weakened,  count, 
gland,  crowned,  grounds,  seconds,  scanned — scant,  fond 
— font,  flint,  event,  found — fount,  faints,  frond,  front, 
friends,  frowned,  thinned,  throned,  assigned,  shunned, 
lined,  lint,  leaned,  land,  lend — lent,  slants,  silent, 
learned,  mind,  mint,  mount — mound,  mourned,  Ham- 
mond, anoint,  rind,  warned — warrant,  round,  rents  — 
rends,  rained — reigned,  earned,  around,  ironed,  ar- 
raigned, errand — errant,  horned,  swooned,  impugned. 


336  KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES 


I25 

Depend,  deepened,  adamant,  diamond,  tyrant,  talent, 
casement,  occupant,  augment,  assessment,  resident, 
potent,  payment,  beckoned,  buttoned,  Iceland,  infant, 
invent,  unearned,  moment,  elegant,  elephant,  lament, 
ailment,  remind,  recant,  recount,  reckoned,  regained, 
repent,  refined,  refund,  renowned,  vagabond,  vigilant, 
ligament,  regiment,  Richmond. 

127 

Pointer,  pander — panther,  painter,  binder,  plunder, 
printer,  tinder,  pretender,  enchanter,  canter — candor, 
counter,  encounter,  calendar,  founder,  fender,  flounder, 
inventor,  thunder,  asunder,  slander,  cylinder,  Icelander, 
render — renter,  reminder,  leathern,  Lutheran,  modern, 
eastern,  hindrance,  furtherance. 

129 

Plunge,  brownish,  planet,  cabinet,  Lebanon,  panic, 
abandon,  dependent,  stupendous,  boundarv,  tangent, 
drainage,  denounce,  trinity,  tonic,  continent,  Trenton, 
lieutenant,  tendency,  Standish,  ingenuous,  Argentine, 
jaunty,  Jonathan,  vacancy,  pecuniary,  mechanic,  chronic, 
arrogantly,  groundless,  laconic,  recondite,  eloquently, 
elegantly,  envenom,  finer — finery,  phantom,  faintly, 
French,  frantic,  authentic,  shanty,  Lennox,  London, 
Atlantic,  landscape,  demeanor,  diminish,  mandate, 
momentum,  seminaiy,  unanimous,  synonym,  rainbow, 
random,  roundly. 

IS1 

The  finest  of  our  programs  was  arranged  by  the 
violinist.  Monroe  took  the  keenest  delight  in  his  work. 
He  is  not  friendly  to  the  tyrant,  but  denounces  him  in 
the  plainest  terms.  Ernest  Randall  was  a  volunteer  in 


KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES  337 

the  Spanish  war.  Stanley  suddenly  dashed  the  loosened 
rock  over  the  cataract.  She  instantly  saw  the  truth  of 
your  remark.  The  dedicatory  exercises  were  unfinished, 
the  grandest  part  being  yet  to  come.  He  admonished 
us  in  gentle  but  impressive  tones.  The  light  vanished 
and  darkness  and  silence  ensued.  The  wretched  man 
obediently  stepped  down  from  the  platform.  He  per- 
sistently refused  to  show  us  the  finished  work. 

*33 

Beef,  puff,  tough,  dove,  deaf,  chaff,  cough,  reef, 
rove,  hoof,  skiff,  surf — serf,  bluff,  cliff,  proof — prove, 
brief — breve,  grove,  dive,  achieve,  cave,  rough,  hive, 
swerve,  starve,  contrive,  brave,  drive,  drove,  cleave, 
crave,  grief  —  grieve,  groove,  glove,  strife  —  strive, 
turf,  curve,  carve,  doves,  droves,  delves,  achieves, 
caves,  gloves,  groves,  heaves,  paves,  cleaves,  puffed, 
gifts,  rafts,  cleft,  drift,  drafts,  achieved,  proved,  ap- 
proved, braved,  delved,  contrived,  grooved,  craved. 

'35 

Beaver,  braver — bravery,  buffalo,  brevity,  bivouac, 
beverage,  deafen,  define  —  divine,  devote,  devoid, 
David,  diver,  devour,  defense,  adverse,  divinity,  advo- 
cacy, driver,  Jeffrey,  mischievous,  cover,  quiver,  quaver, 
recover,  clover,  clever,  Grover,  grievance,  rival — rifle, 
reveal,  river,  Rover,  reverence,  Hoover.  They  will 
stand  on  the  defensive  and  defer  attack  until  the  forces 
from  the  river  shall  arrive.  If  you  will  telephone  me, 
I  will  be  governed  by  your  advice.  Previous  to  the  dis- 
covery of  this  contrivance,  another  device  was  used. 

'37 

They  ran  to  the  house  only  to  see  it  in  ruins.  In 
which  zone  is  Mount  Zion.  We  do  not  deny  that  we 

TAYLOR— 22. 


338  KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES 

have  done  some  mischief.  Doan  will  assign  everything' 
to  Mr.  Doney,  the  assignee.  They  are  bent  on  teach- 
ing the  benighted  people.  He  will  lead  the  lion  through 
the  lane.  Hovey  was  hiving  the  bees.  Your  words 
might  mean  many  things.  As  soon  as  the  meeting  ad- 
journs we  shall  commence  our  journey.  The  whole 
clan  went  to  the  new  colony.  Brown  should  by  no 
means  menace  Bryan.  She  was  studying  botany  while 
in  Boston.  He  drives  rapidly  away  with  his  trophies  of 
success. 

139 

Potion,  portion,  separation,  caption,  adoption,  por- 
tioned, passions,  tuition,  station,  imitation,  rotation, 
affectation,  invitation,  limitations,  conditioned,  magi- 
cian, logicians,  caution,  section,  diction,  education,  af- 
fection, vacations,  reaction,  execution,  occasioned,  cau- 
tioned, vision,  elevation,  revision,  invasion,  fashioned, 
fruition,  session,  mission,  assumption,  motions,  notion, 
donations,  ammunition,  nomination,  ancient,  delusion — 
dilution,  population,  stimulation,  desolation,  consola- 
tion, orations,  relation,  variation,  assertion,  adoration, 
toleration,  Hessian. 

141 

Suppression,  compulsion.  Egyptian,  libations,  cor- 
ruption, meditation,  vegetation,  exudation,  citations, 
temptations,  cogitations,  recitations,  institutions,  frus- 
tration, petitioned,  collision,  factions,  eviction,  evasion, 
intoxication,  suffusion,  excavation,  aversion,  secession, 
cessation,  immersion,  remission,  locomotion,  presump- 
tion, exemption,  resumption,  ascension,  illumination, 
elimination,  ordination,  remuneration,  personation, 
ignition,  hallucination,  assassination,  fascination,  coro- 
nation, stipulations,  capitulation",  spoliation,  resolution, 
irresolution,  laceration,  ulceration. 


KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES  359 

H3 

You  do  not  think  I  have  not  used  constitutional 
methods,  do  you  ?  You  had  not  time,  and  have  not  yet 
time,  for  such  irrational  employment.  He  cannot  wait 
patiently,  and  the  books  are  not  ready.  You  cannot 
take  traditional  accounts  as  authentic.  May  not  some 
course  be  adopted  which  will  not  excite  sectional  ani- 
mosities? They  are  not  rational  in  their  methods,  and 
I  cannot  understand  them.  The  auctioneer  will  not 
accept  goods  which  are  not  salable.  They  were  admo- 
nitions which  were  not  heeded.  The  story  of  the  mis- 
sionary was  shorter  than  any  other  one.  He  may  have 
been  there  to  see  the  elocutionist.  A  proportional 
charge  will  be  made  to  each. 

H5 

Proposition,  incision,  rescission,  taxation,  imposition, 
vexation,  opposition,  causation,  civilization,  realization, 
sensational,  authorization,  relaxation,  crystalization, 
transposition,  legalization,  annexation,  demoralization, 
centralization,  colonization,  fertilization,  superposition, 
transition,  protestation,  statistician,  detestation,  profes- 
sions— provisions,  professional  —  provisional,  depriva- 
tion, subdivision,  supervision,  combinations,  inanition. 

147 

Combative,  preparative,  co-operative,  receptive,  dis- 
tributive, perceptive,  deceptive,  restorative,  illustrative, 
authoritative,  tentative,  nutritive,  defective,  refractive, 
recreative,  speculative,  prerogative,  lucrative,  figura- 
tive, stupefactive,  putrefactive,  negative,  invective,  in- 
effective, reflective,  assertive,  commiserative,  relative, 
narrative,  positive,  sensitive,  preventive,  inventive,  sug- 
gestive, substantive,  retentive. 


34-O  KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES 


Commitment,  contest,  commensurate,  commingle, 
commentary,  concomitant,  concoct,  conciliatory,  de- 
composition, discommode,  uncontrolled,  uncondemned, 
incompetence,  inconceivable,  incongruity,  inconsistent, 
inconvenience,  reconquer,  accomplice,  nonconformist, 
unrecommended,  contraband,  contradictive,  contradis- 
tinction, counterplot,  contravention,  controvertible,  con- 
tribution, controversy,  countermarch,  counterpoise, 
circumjacent,  circumvolution,  circumfused,  circumgy- 
ration, circumpolar,  circumrotary,  circumscription, 
self-assertion,  self-defense,  self-educated,  self-destruc- 
tive, self-made,  self-seeking,  self-abasement,  self-in- 
flicted. 

»53 

Foreshadow,  forerunner,  forejudge,  forecastle,  fore- 
shorten, foretaste,  forecast,  forefront,  foredoom,  fore- 
lock, foreordain,  interfused,  interdict,  interdependence, 
intervene,  intercommunication,  interjection,  interlock, 
interloper,  interstate,  intermeddle,  forfeit,  forsake,  for- 
bore, forsooth,  forswear,  forehanded,  forethought,  fore- 
noon, forlorn,  interrogative,  interweave,  interpretation,- 
magnificent,  magnitude,  magnetize,  magnetism,  mag- 
netician,  self-condemnation,  self-conscious,  self-control, 
self-command,  self-complacent. 

'55 

Hospitality,  risibility,  admissibility,  sociability,  fidel- 
ity, infidelity,  technicality,  similarity,  popularity,  jocu- 
larity, assignable,  insurmountable,  indigestible,  inde- 
clinable, confidential,  providential,  inferential,  reveren- 
tial, surprisingly,  alarmingly,  cheeringly.  charmingly, 
trustingly,  exceed  inglv,  shockingly,  smilingly,  sneer- 
ingly,  sacramental,  elemental,  regimental. 


KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES  341 

'57 

Tautology,  osteology,  geology,  doxology,  courtship, 
guardianship,  relationship,  judgeship,  partnership,  faith- 
fulness, pliableness,  blithesomeness,  indispensableness, 
allovvableness — vvholesomeness,  wrath  fulness,  youth  ful- 
ness, thankfulness,  filings,  rulings,  shiftlessness,  shame- 
lessness,  joylessness,  fearlessness,  faithlessness,  heed- 
lessness,  aimlessness. 

SENTENCES    FROM    LINCOLN'S    SPEECHES. 

When  the  war  began  it  was  my  opinion  that  all  those 
who,  because  of  knowing  too  little  or  because  of  know- 
ing too  .much,  could  not  conscientiously  approve  the 
conduct  of  the  president  (in  the  beginning  of  it)  should, 
nevertheless,  as  good  citizens  and  patriots,  remain  silent 
on  that  point,  at  least  until  the  war  should  be  ended. 

And  now,  without  endorsing  anything  else  he  has 
said,  I  will  ask  this  audience  to  give  three  cheers  for 
Hickman. 

(The  audience  responded  in  three  rousing  cheers  for 
Hickman.) 

What  is  the  form  of  government  under  which  we 
live  ? 

.The  answer  must  be,  "  The  constitution  of  the 
United  States."  That  constitution  consists  of  the  orig- 
inal, framed  in  1787  (and  under  which  the  present  gov- 
ernment first  went  into  operation),  and  twelve  subse- 
quently framed  amendments,  the  first  ten  of  which  were 
framed  in  1789. 

I  am  in  some  doubt  whether  to  introduce  another 
topic  upon  which  I  could  talk  awhile.  (Cries  of  "Go 
on"  and  "Give  it  us.") 


342  KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES 

This  opinion  ...  in  one  branch  at  least  is,  in 
the  hands  of  Mr.  Polk,  like  Fingal's  gun, 

"  Beats  wide  and  kicks  the  owner  over." 

A  few  men -that  own  capital  hire  a  few  others,  and 
these  establish  the  relation  of  capital  and  labor  right- 
fully. 

(The  speaker  proceeded  to  argue  that  the  hired  la- 
borer, with  his  ability  to  become  an  employer,  must 
have  every  precedence  over  him  who  labors  under  the 
inducement  of  force.  He  continued:) 

Some  time  after,  my  colleague  (Mr.  Richardson)  in- 
troduced the  resolution  I  have  mentioned. 

In  1826 published  his  Com- 
mentaries on  American  Law. 

... was  in  favor  of  further  acqui- 
sition of  territory  as  fast  as  we  might  need  it.  ... 
I  do  not  say  this  as  giving  his  exact  language,  but  he 
said  so  substantially,  and  he  would  leave  the  question 
to  be  settled  by  the  people  of  the  acquired  ter- 
ritory. (That's  the  doctrine.)  Maybe  it  is.  Let  us 
consider  that  for  awhile. 

You  will  not  abide  the  election  of  a  Republican  presi- 
dent. In  that  supposed  event  you  will  destroy  the  Union, 
and  then  you  say  the  great  crime  of  having  destroyed 
it  will  be  upon  us!  That  is  cool.  A  highwayman  holds 
a  pistol  to  my  ear  and  mutters  through  his  teeth,  "  Stand 
and  deliver,  or  I  shall  kill  you,  and  then  you  will  be  a 
murderer!"  (Laughter.) 

EVIDENCE,    PAGE    308. 

(The  heading,  the  Q  and  A  for  question  and  answer, 
and  the  numbering,  appear  only  in  the  transcript.) 


KEY    TO    THE    READING    EXERCISES  343 

Louis  M.   Brown,   a  witness  for  the  plaintiff,  being 
duly  sworn,  testifies  as  follows: 

DIRECT    EXAMINATION. 

Questions  by  Mr.  Spahr. 

1  Q.    Please  state  your  name. 
A.    Louis  M.  Brown. 

2  Q.    What,  if  any,  connection  did  you  have  with  the 
Brown  Iron  Works  in  the  summer  of  1889? 

A.    I  was  president  of  the  Brown  Iron  Works. 

3  Q.    How  long  had  you  been  connected,  up  to  that 
time,  with  the  Brown  Iron  Works? 

A.  I  was  president  of  the  Brown  Iron  Works  from 
the  time  of  its  organization,  which  was  in  1888,  I  be- 
lieve, or  in  1887. 

4  Q.    Prior   to   that  time  had  you   been    engaged  in 
business  with  any  person? 

A.  Yes,  I  had  been  in  business,  immediately  prior 
to  that  time,  with  Mr.  Dickson,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Brown  &  Dickson. 

5  Q.    Mr.  George  Dickson? 
A.    Yes,  sir. 

6  Q.    Now  I  will  ask  you  to  state  to  the  court  how 
long  you  had  been  in  business  with  Air.  Dickson. 

A.    Since  the  summer  of  1881. 

7  Q.    Is  that  the  Mr.  Dickson  who  is  the  defendant 
in  this  suit? 

A.     Yes,  sir. 

8  Q.    Prior  to  the  summer  of  1886,  what  business  had 
you  been  engaged  in  ? 

A.  I  had  been  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  J.  H.  Phil- 
lips &  Co.,  dealing  in  machinery,  and  before  that  I 
practiced  law. 


ABBREVIATION  AND  POSITION 

ALPHABETICAL  LIST 


345 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


347 


aHe  to                             <v       .     _ 

about 

advance 

abstraction                V 

/  t 

1 

ad^'ertise-ment 

acceptance                  ^       -i 

affertionate                         V 

d 

arreptat'oii 

3  fores?)  jd                      Vp 

arrident 

after                                    1      V 

arridental-ly 

afternoon                         ^  ? 

according               <          e~' 

afterward              v^/ 

account 

ago 

arrnrate 

apree 

arcnsatioii                        Q 

apreed 

accuse 

agric'ulture-al              =  —  .  

accused 

ah                                                  / 

accuses    r                           o 

/•-        ^ 
alcohol                      ^  — 

fment    ~            *  __, 
acknowledge-                        / 

Alexander                     ^   -^ 

^rqiiaint                      <^^ 

all 

acquaintance                —  ^s> 

all  of 

acquisition 

allow                                         s~ 

act 

I 
allowable                                   /\ 

action                             _, 

1    N 

allowance                 /^—  J> 

actionable                       y 

allowed 

active                                        \ 

r 

almighty                              ^ 

actively                               ^_ 

almost                       "^ 

activity 

along                             ^  ^ 

actor                                           1 

along  th^re                      ^^    -^ 

actual-ly 

already                          ' 

added                         / 

althouph                           / 

addition                 i 

\     ,  

altogether 

additional                      i  /•— 

always 

adjourn                                tf 

ambition                       ^  —  s- 

administer                \^-^ 

ambitious                          0^ 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


am  not 
among  other 
an 
and 
angel 
Anglo-Saxon 
anguish 
annihilate 
annihilation 
annual 
another 
another  one 
antagonism 
antagonistic 
antedate 
anteroom 
anxious 
any 
anybody 
any  one 
any  other 
any  other  one 
anything 
anywhere 
apparent 
appeal 
appear 
appearance 
appearances 
appeared 
appliance 
appliances 
applicable 
applicant 

"•"••                      applirfttinn           \ 

-  —  —  .—  —  '        applied 

.       apply 

^     ^ 

appointment 

\ 

/                         apprehend 

^,  .0  ^         apprehension 

cv 

"-^                            •           X 

rf£                       appropriate           N\^ 

> 

^~7^                   a  pprnve-a  1 

^ 

L             archangel 

13 

archbishop           -^^^ 

/ 

^    ^s            arrhitert-nre 

"^ 

x_    ^>           are  not 

^  1 

"-  j     *>    ~^            aristocrat-ic-cy       q 

^^  n  an'tTimptic                       -^ 

~~\-           arrr.npement               ..  ^ 

-^7 

y 

"~7               •     »u                  s 

&-/               flrrn-p  there         ...     s 

/ 

^                 1 

3"=!                           r                             ° 

^  ' 

<  ?                            [course 
as  a  matter  of      'f'       ' 

N.  ° 

asrription 

}          ^ 

as  has  —  is  —  his        O 

as  it                               a 

as  it  i« 

^ 

aspect                     \ 

•Vj                                                           I 
\    ^-            assemhle-y             \ 

u 

_S        assignable 

1 

X                           •                         ] 
0                          assignment              i^ 

\ 

O               assistanrp                         / 

I 

^       assure 

9 

^                        assured               — 

s 

^                       as  there                                (• 

7 

6    . 
\             as  there  is 

& 

N       as  to                         /? 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


'    [ment 
astnnish-ed- 

aware  nf 

"" 

astrnnmy-er-            A 

away 

^     ^ 

as  well  as    tical     L: 

<£_          awe 

.               1 

at 

awful 

l 

at  all                       T 

awhile 

r 

at  all  events 

baye 

v 

\ 

at  first                   -   L 

bankrupt  cy 

\v 

at  hand 

baptism 

\ 

at  it 

bantict- 

v~-\ 

Atlantic.  Orean       V*  —  D                      bantize 

\     N 

at  least 

r                   beautiful-ly 

N» 

at  length 

p        because 

^  —  ° 

atonement             K 

before 

\ 

at  once 

|                began 

V 

attain 

J 
1         begin 

'     , 

attainable                  1 

becnnner 

N,  . 

attained                 \ 

begun 

attainment 

J 
I         behalf 

\ 

at  their 

behavior 

\x   V 

at  their  own 

behind 

'S 

at  the  present 

1            be  it 

\ 

atthesame[time             1        \>        belief                       \> 

attract        ttime   1                            believe                            \> 

L 
attraction 

1                 believe  their 

\ 

attractive 

n        believed 

^          ^ 

audience               J 

belong 

\ 

aught 

beloved 

^ 

auspicious 

<             benediction 

\ 

authenticity            (. 

benefaction 

I  \ 

1             ) 
average 

L                  benefactor 

\N^^ 

avoid 

/      v       beneficial 

V    \ 

award 

benevolent 

X      V- 

35° 


ABBREVIATION    AXI)    POSITION 


Benjamin                 \ 

rapitali7atinn                 \, 

bespeak                            % 

captain                                         \ 

\ 
beyond        r-     i 

car^ful-ly                              ,      - 

biographv-er-        \  —  => 

category                .      _,  — 

blindfold                        ^ 

catholic                           —  7 

boastful                                V 

(, 
cause 

bookkeeper          \     ^ 
bookkeeping               \  —  , 

caused                   '    ° 

causes 

bookstore                   \  ^ 

celestial                               £ 

bountiful                  \ 

century                   "^  _^ 

breastpin                               N, 

rprtain-ly                       ~^ 

breastwork               \^        « 

certainty                         n^\ 

brother                   % 

certificate                 n/ 

N 

brotherhood                  % 

challenge                        / 

business                            1    \, 

/       /• 
challenger                      / 

hut                              i 

~y 

change-d                ' 

buy                                  \ 

changeable             r/ 

by                                            \ 

character                          c  

bv  all                      \ 

characteristic             *  °  — 

by  all  <~>ur                        j 

characterize          •'  ° 

by  it                                                            X 

characterized             c  ** 

by  our                     Ji 

cbarartpri'7p<!                  «  ° 

J                                    .\ 
by  our  own                       > 

charpe                               ,       / 

by  their                               _S*_ 

&                                    / 

by  thf>ir  <^WTI            \. 

charitable            .  ^     \ 

calculation                      *  —    -> 

cheerful-ly                        £. 

California               c  —  f 

rh.'M                                        ^ 

call                                ' 

railed                                        "~ 

/>     1 

children               •  •  •  ••' 

rall-prl  fnrfh                        '      ' 

Christian  ity       

cannot 

Christopher        ,         J 

capability                          \ 

circulate                  .         e^^~ 

capable                                \ 

09 

circumspect                           \ 

capital                           \ 

circumspection          \> 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


circumstances 

p 

circumstantial-  . 

d 

riv  P 

ntizen                L  :     ' 

J                                             i                / 

J          contradiction         L 

classification           .    c— 

-f               contradictory              L— 

collect 

corn-fipld 

C  

collection 

correct-ly 

collective 

D      correction 

collectively         — 

corrective 

commercial         ..^  —  <"""" 

^                    correspondence     '     \ 

;_.              correspondent                  c     ^ 

common              -~  i 

countrvman           =a^Z 

commonly           _    C. 

countrymen                     —  ^ 

creature    r   i* 

comprehend       ".  -  "^ 

[aliou 

comprehensible.    ... 

X                   crossexamined                    =  —  ^^ 

comprehension  ., 

NX                                .                                          s~    <r--r- 

\      crystal                 <;  —  (.        / 

conclude 

cure 

conclusion 

i             curious                                    D 

conclusive-lv      rt 

.  D       dang'1'"                    L 

Connecticut         „  —  »_. 

dangerous               _          L 

conscientious     _  <. 

^                    Danville                            «           J 

consequence 

dare  not                  ' 

consequent 

f\                                                                i 
defendant                                  1 

consequential 

.2.           deficient-cy              1. 

conservative        .ox^ 

^x^V         degeneration                   J 

delight                           £ 

considerate 

1                                                     f 

delinquency          y 

consideration 

q 

considered    ,  ;, 

Hpliver-y                                              ' 

constitutional-              L 

J                     r 

deliverance             J 

construction 

q                                                                               i 

democracy                     1  —  b 

352 


ABBREVIATION    AXD    POSITION 


democrat-ic 

L~^                     disappointment  Jl 

demonstration 

disapproval                   J, 

demoninate-ion 

U   J       discharger        t 

"     1, 

denunciatory 

L-                      discourage-          \—, 

/ 

department 

y     i                                                /  i 

L                discrepancy               J  —  , 

derangement 

L   -      discrimination     J  —  ^~>, 

\ 

derive 

disorganization 

J-6 

descendant 

L=>              '   displeasure                \ 

describe 

dissatisfaction 

described 

dissatisfied           1 

t 

description 

dissimilar                    <JN 

descriptive 


distinction 

^^ 

destructible         _t 

distraction           i 

destruction 

\^     1                  District   of   Co-1     [p- 

destructive 

C     1           divulge  tlumbia 

J 

determination 

,              r          doctor                    1 

7 

determine 

1                                                       1 
u       L                      doctrine                           J 

determined 

J        L           dollar 

1 

develop-ment 

do  not                       .1 

devolve 

L            ,      don't  you                         1 

dictionary 

I/         doorstep 

J 

did  not 

J                          doubt 

\ 

didn't  you 

,                                                 i 

±                 doubtful-ly 

differ-ent 

L         doubtfulness 

difference 

doubtless                 ^-n           ° 

differences 

f                                                                                                   r 

L                   down                                i 

differential 

1                                                    ^ 

I  downfall 

• 

dimcult-y 

downhearted        i 

^ 

dignify 

downright            j        I 

,.       .                                               V                                                                  1, 

dignity        [tion    '  —  i                      downstairs                    3        /j> 

direct  examina-  J—  ^!                      downward              i 

direction 

L                 duly                       *       i  / 

disadvantage 

1                                                 V 
L         duration 

3 

disagreement 

J  ,     /           during                    i 

L 

ABBREVIATION  AND  POSITION 


353 


during  all 

eventful                     V> 

each 

ever                                       V^ 

each  of                                        £_ 

every                                      j 

each  other              / 

everybody                   \ 

eastward                          j 

every  <^ne                             J 

ecclesiastical 

<>v 

every  other  one                       \ 

^                   1 
everything             ^-^ 

cfficicnt-cy-ly           ^  d- 

everywhere                 t^^ 

^1,                     / 

evart-ly 

<\ 

electrician                           £ 

exaggeratory         2^"^ 

S~          \j 

examined 

''M'l;in<Ter                                  I 

example                  _^^ 

v—  "1  / 

fndnr^                 b*—  •«£      *• 

exasperate                  <-\ 

enp-ap-ement                            / 

except                                       ^ 

England 

exceotion                 v> 

F.ngli«;]i                      ^£_ 

\<^~ 
exreptinnal-ly                _SJ 

enlarge-ment               ^~7 

—  jt> 

eyrliqngp                                        / 

P7it;injrlpment                     v  ^_  ^  

excliangeable         ^/ 

entertainment        ™ 

exclaim                         *  —  ^  ^ 

enthusiasm                    o 

exclamation                    «>    .^~^ 

enthusiast-ic                               h 

exclamatory          e  —  ^^^ 

entire 

exclude                        ^~ 

v  —  ~f 
entirely                            L 

exclusjon                      G  —  -^ 

ecjnal-ly 

exclusive                e  —  a 

equivalent                       i>» 

exemplification                         -O 

esperial-K-                                 ) 

*>vpmj-.lifv                           V 

e?sential-ly             I  ^ 

exercised                        —  *r 

establish-ed-ment               ) 

exhibit                                      * 

evangelical                         2^.  -f 

exhibition                ^ 

v        / 

even    , 

expert                                    \ 

TAYLOR  —  23. 

354 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


expectation 

extravapant-ce      "] 

1     9 

expediency               y  \ 

L     . 

extreme                             \^ 

expedient                        J     \ 

extremity 

u 

\               J 
expeditious              \ 

eye 

1 

1  J 
expenditure               L-^  "^ 

fart                                    I 

expense-ive                           \ 

failure 

^ 

experience               >> 

faithful-ly               V^ 

experienced                  °\ 

falsification 

^ 

experiences                          °\ 

familiar-lv            V^—  . 

^> 

experiment   -        *\^ 

family 

experimental 

fashionable 

I 

explain 

favor                     *>v 

^s 

explained              \ 

favorable-y                   'N 

explains                        \ 

favored                               V 

^ 

explanation                            \ 

feature                   ^ 

" 

explicit                  \, 

P>bruary                      V. 

<? 
explore                          \ 

feel 

\  ^ 

express                                 *\^ 

fellow                    ^ 

expressed               N& 

fill 

expresses                       °\o 

filled 

"s. 

expression                             °\i 

financial                  V>^^- 

expressive           Jv^ 

first                                  o 

expressly                  ^  °NS/ 

follow 

L 

extemporaneous          j-^S 

fnr                                    ^ 

extemporary          *-~^s^ 

foreclose                           V 

extemporize          £s>*£LL 

foreclosure                v 

extensive                            J 

forehead                  ^  ~^ 

extenuate              L  . 

foreknowledge          '    v>- 

/ 

exteniiation                    L  O 

forenoon                  ^~^  -^ 

exterminate                        L-^  . 

forever 

^ 

extermination       l^-^> 

for  it                      v- 

v^- 

external                        ^1 

«~\X" 

fnrmal-ly                               * 

extinction                                L^> 

former-ly 

^ 

extraordinary         1 

for  instance                V  P 

ABBREVIATION 
forward                  \^^ 

AND    POSITIC 

government 
governmental 
governor 
grandchild 
gratification 
Great  Britain 
Greenfield 
gymnasium 
had 
had  had 
had  it 
had  it  not 
had  not 
hadn't  you 
half 
Hamilton 
hand 
handle 
handsome 
handwriting 
haphazard 
happen 
happened 
happens 
happier 
happiest 
happiness 
happy 
has 
has  his  —  as 
has  it 
hast 
has  there 
hath 

for  their                        V 

for  their  own         \ 

fortune-ate-ly 

foundation 

v> 
fraction                               "^ 

fractional                <-x 

fragment-ary         (       ^\ 

1  
frank                            <^ 

Franklin               =x 

frankly 

frequent-ly            _^ 

from                                 \ 

from  their                         c^\ 

from  their  own     ir^\              > 

frontispiece               ^ 

f,.nv              5  ^ 

function                  br^JZ 

furnish-ed                    ^ 

furniture                              ^ 

future 

general-lv                    ,/ 

generalization                   ^ 

generalize               „/ 

generation                     / 

gentleman                             ,/ 

gentlemanly          ~s 

i 
gentlemen                      y 

gentle-ness    r                     ^ 

lei                 ( 
geographv-cal-      /-^> 

geometry-cal              ^—^ 

give-n 

give  it                     ~ 

God 

355 


35( 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


have                                 \w 

himself                   x—  * 

have  harl 

his                                    ° 

have  it                                           V 

his  has  —  is                                ° 

have  not                 v^ 

history                     |^_ 

have  their                       \ 

hold                               ^ 

hazard                                         ) 

holier 

hazardous                   )         ) 

holiest                      >? 

he                                   }         *     , 

holiness                      /^_j> 

height                             1 

holy                                           / 

helrl                                              f 

Holv  Ghost            >  —  ° 

help                                        /      \ 

Holv  Scriptures          ^*  —  ° 

helpfulness           I      \ 

Holv  Spirit                           /*\ 

*x-"% 

home 

^  p                  O 

henceforth                  V 

hope                                \ 

her                                J 

\ 
hope  of                                  v 

hereafter                            s 

hopeful-ly                \ 

herein                         J 

X 

hope  to  have                       \ 

hereinafter                             j> 

hour                                              -x 

hereinbefore                   _^ 

household               / 

heretofore              x^           \ 

House  of  Rep- 
resentatives          s\ 

lier  own                                   j 

herself                                         d 

how 

hesitate                  1 

however 

hesitation                      ) 

howsoever                     S 

he  will                                 « 

\ 
hundred                  ^ 

he  will  have            * 

hundred  dollars           ^, 

he  will  not                     ^.      s  — 

husband                 )         '   / 

hieroglyphic-al              X 

hvpocritic-al                /\ 

high 

hypocris^                              s\ 

higher                           ^\ 

I 

highest                                   ^ 

idea                                 ] 

highly                       v^~ 

identical                                -, 

highway                             > 

identification          1 

him                                        ^  —  ^ 

I  did  not                 J^        3 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


;57 


idiosyncrasy            s  s 

incorrect-ly 

HI-                                   1* 

increase 

]  do  n«t                                    1 

indebtedness                    i.  -^ 

if 

indeed 

if  it                                     v- 

indefatigable                    -V. 

if  not                                           ^ 

indemnity 

if  there                    V 

indenture 

V 
ignominy                             s—  ' 

indescribable-v                 \ 

I  bad  not                             j 

indestructible            ^li 

imagination        .  / 
imaginative     r,.  rs_ 

indicate                   ~^~   \ 

indicator                ^ 

Ly       •-—  -3 

immeasurable-             J 

indication 

immediate-lv 

indifferent-ce            V~~^I. 

imperfect-Iy               \> 

indignant 

implacable                        \, 

indispensable                    ^\ 

importance 

indulge                    7 

important 

indulgence                  3? 

impossibilities 

inefficient-lv-cy           "    \^  J 

•i  i    •          /"  —  & 

impossihle-ity 

inexcusable-y 

imposition 

inexperience                          —  i 

impracticable                   ^~^\ 

inexperienced        -j 

impression               ""^ 

inexplicable                     \     . 

x"^\ 
improbable                        \ 

Q<                       ^v 

inevpressihle-y                 X 

^~^\        \ 
improper-ly                 ^ 

/-    •                            ^  —  ^°     ^\ 
infinite                                        N 

improve-d                ^  —  >- 

infinitesimal             "^^A 

improvement                 -  —  - 

'     ^~4 

infliction                                     V-> 

in 

influence 

inactive 

influenced                      ^~^ 

in  all 

influences                       ^-^ 

incapable     M  i                      \ 

influential                v.  —  *^_ 

incomprehensi-          X^ 

informal-lv                                  ' 

inconsiderable                       T 

information            ^~^ 

inconsiderate            ' 

infraction               ^-^\ 

in  controversy                 T 

.      ,    .                                                <J        x_Tx 

mfnnKement                       J 

353 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


inhabit 

intelligible-y        ^ 

inhabitant                      "^-^ 

intend 

in  it 

intense 

initial                     v  —  «--' 

intention 

iniunction                     ^J^Z 

/: 
intentional-ly                 — 

in  order                                ^ 

intercession 

in  our                     *  —  " 

interchangeable       ^ 

inquire-v                      ~~^ 

interdiction                           ^\, 

in  receipt                            H 

interest                    1 

in  reference           ^"~"V 

interjection                 /^ 

in  regard                      ^  —  *~ 

intermediate                      ^^ 

in  relation                    ^~^ 

intersect                   ~a~ 

in  reply                  ^  —  \ 

intersection                  ^^ 

in  respect                      *  —  "*\ 

in  their                             v  — 

inscription 

in  their  own                -^ 

insecure 

intimate                        ~~^ 

insecurity 

intolerable                         f 

insignificant-ce 

introduction         '"~1i 

inspect                       "\ 

introductory 

inspection                    ^^^V, 

investigation          ^^V 

inspector 

investment                        ~~^-. 

mstinctive-ly                1_    \ 

Iowa                             j 

institute                     ^-~£ 

irrecoverable-y              j  —  3 

instruct 

irrefragable                 _2[\ 

instruction             L 

irregular-ly-ity    J  — 

instructive                     J 

irreligion 

instructor                                1 

irreligious 

*x  0                    i 

insufficient-cy            v  J      ( 

irrespective                 A 

integrity                         ^*~ 

is 

intellect                             ^~ 

is  as  —  his 

intellectual-ly        7^ 

p 

is  at  hand 

intelligence                ^7 

is  he  not 

intelligent                          v 

is  it—to 

intelligently              ^7 

is  it  his                               a 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


359 


island 

larger 
larger  than 
largest 
lastly 
lawyer 
lefthand 
legendary 
legislation 
legislator 
legislature 
length 
lengthen 
lengthwise 
liberty 
literature 
little 
long 
longs 
longer 
longer  than 
longest 
lord       ' 
lordship 
machinery 
machinist 
majority 
malignant 
management 
manhood 
Mansfield 
.  manufactory 
manufacture 
•manufacturer 
manuscript 

7 

issue                                 / 

x 

is  there                                    & 

x 

it  had 

2    I 

i 
it  had  not 

r~\ 

I 
it  ought 

7^— 

it  ought  to  have 

(2^_ 

itself                    .  k  
it  will 

r? 

S7 

it  will  havp                 1. 

Zz  5 

it  will  Tint                                      ;f 

—  i 

it  would 

( 

it  wnnld  havp 

t 

X 

January                                       /  ^ 

x^ 

Jpffprsnp                     &    ^ 

X] 

Tesns  Christ                    c/— 

^    1 

J                                               -       / 
JPSMS  <">f  Nazareth                       °  -^ 

iudicions                 x 

—  p 

J                               j 
junction                a/        <^_p 

iunior                                        x 

X  ^? 

J                                                                    tX 

jury                             x1 

^-f 

/       / 

justification                * 

~\ 

juvenile                                / 

y 

kingdom 

^^ 

kingdom  of  Chri<5t              '     ^ 

0 

kingdom  of  God 

—y 

<^~  

knew                                 ^  ^ 

-~~—/ 

knowledge                             x 

H5 

Knoxville                 ^      V 

!  -x 

language 

~Aj^X 

languish                                 C^, 

"^V 

37 

large                             x 

—  _^ 

x 

largely                                /> 

"^ 

360 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


many  other           -•  —  -    —  -  •" 

miss 
misunderstand  - 
misunderstood  - 

Maryland                       --^v"    *-? 

^ 

Marylander                        ,  —  -J 

Massachusetts        / 

modification 

5J     • 

may  bf>                                 ^  —  - 

more  and  more- 

r-^—  v 

may  have  been                    -  —  . 

more  or  less 

^/" 

may  have  been     ^-—  •  ^ 

more  than 

t  N 

mav  it        fthere 

morning 

_,  s 

may  not                     ^ 

mortification 

a. 

me 

movement 

meanwhile 

Mr. 

f^ 

merhaniral             '—  

Mrs. 

=  ^ 

member                           \ 

much 

/ 

memoranda                             1 

multiplication 

_  «-\^ 

memorandum      ^—^^—^ 

my 

^•N 

men 

my  dear 

^"^ 

mention                           ^-^ 

my  own 

•—> 

merchandise         '=""'> 

myself 

<~* 

)      <~^ 
mere                           J 

mystification 

'     K 

merely                            ^^ 

natural-ly 

messenger              _2    : 

nature 

7- 

Methodist                      "^ 

near 

S-^ 

Methodist  Epis-          "^1 

neglect 

v  ^  

Mexico     tcopal  _^ 

neglectful 

., 

microscope                  ^~~'  ~^\ 

negligence 

^  ^  B 

mine 

negligent 

minimum               ^^—^ 

neighborhood 

N--A, 

minister                         _J 

neither 

^_^ 

ministerial 

neither  one 

^_^> 

minority                  ^—^^ 

never 

^v 

minute                           "* 

nevertheless 

^v 

misfortune                            ^ 

•   new 

mishap                            V 

newer 

misrepresent 

Newfoundland 

^ 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


361 


obligation                _i! 

^—* 

ohlipatory                             X/ 

obscure                                \  

observation           \r 

obstacle                       "  v 

New  Testsunent               ^a 

obstruction                           '\, 

c  o 
occurrence 

of 

of  all 

nomenclature     -^-^~>  — 

officious-ness       V  J 

of  it                                    V 

nonsense                    ^  -*-  -*" 

of  its                                         ^ 

no  one                        .        v  —  ? 

c\ 

of  our 

no  other               'v-^  ~^ 

of  our  own 

no  other  one                 ^  —  —  ^ 

of  their                                V 

nor 

of  their  own             \ 

North  America            ZTLrra; 

oh 

-  *~~t 
northern                                   ^ 

O1H  Testament                       f 

^-"•X 

northwest                         o 

on 

nor  will 

once  in  a  while        ^  SL  J^~ 

n<>t 

one                                        ^  rf 

nothing                                       ( 

on  either  hand        •* 

—  v 
notification  p.                   \o 

on  the  one  hand           u 

not  withstand-- 

on  the  other 

nourishment                         J 

onward      thand       ^ 

Nn\-pmher                                     V 

opinion 

now                           x.-^s 

opportunity                              <\ 

or 

numher                             tNv 

ordinary                     •> 

A. 

object 

organ 

objection                       -Ss 

organic 

objectionable                        \ 

organism 

object!  ^'f                  -^ 

organi/ation                            6 

ohiector                             ^-^ 

orcranize                                 ° 

3c?. 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


organized 

parent                        «\ 

original-ly 

^/                   parliament-ary             c\ 

ornamentation 

/**           partake                              <\. 

or  not 

J                         particular-ly           ^ 

orthodox 

/\                 part  of                            <\, 

ostentatious-ly 

a           party                                       ^ 

other                       " 

I                                 passengpr                  _V 

other  than 

^                       pastehoarH                         \^ 

otherwise 

<\            patent 

ought 

1                                                                    ^ 
TJ         patentahle 

ought  not 

patronage                Jj  \/-/^ 

ought  to  have 

pecuniary                       \  _, 

our 

\                        pedantry                 \  ^ 

our  own 

^\                Pennsylvania                   f>     3^ 

ourselves 

^N            people                                 \ 

out 

peremptory             \^/ 

outlay 

\s-                  perfert-ly                          X, 

outline 

|/-^         perhaps                                  *\ 

out  of                       i 

•                                              _ 
permanent              \^, 

out  of  their 

i                   permissible                   *\^-^ 

outset 

1        i               Deroendicular-lv                    _\ 

outside                 i 

r                                                   <\              \ 
;'               perpetnal-ly              \\            r 

out  there 

i                     personification         \»    * 

overtake 

Aj> 
1     ^  —        perspective                  _V 

over  there 

X                      pestilence             \^ 

overwhelm 

j  '^'V^          phenomena             V<—  ~^-^ 

owe 

,         phenomenon         V<—  >. 

owes                    k 

Philadelphia          V 

own 

philanthropic             ^     r 

owned 

philanthropy-ist                    o 

owner 

Plainfield 

^. 
ownership 

-^                                                   v-  v  S- 
olaintiff                           \ 

painful-ly 

\          pleasure                    J 

parallel 

~\                     plentiful-ly                      ^ 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


363 


plentv                   ,  *s 

productive             _X 

positively                     \> 

productiveness       J    X 

3                              . 
possibilities                     b      X> 

professor                         ^~?  X 

possible-v-itv        X> 

proficient-cv        X, 

pnsfnffirp                                 X, 

profit 

postpaid                                           X, 

profitable                                  *V 

povertv                        X 

prohibition 

power                         \     /- 

X 

proliibitionist                *X 

powerful-lv                    \    S 

N> 

proper-lv                    %     _^ 

practicable           *\ 

property                                      ^ 

practical-ly                      "^ 

proscribe                    >  v 

practice                          ^ 

practiced               ^ 

prospective              x^ 

practices                        *\^ 

protraction                    ^  X- 

predetermine                        ^ 

provide 

prejudice                X 

public                    X 

prejudicial                       X, 

publication 

preliminary                  _/           \ 

publish                                     X 

Presbvterian          X= 

\r 

publisher               \ 

prescribe                     ^  X  —  . 

punctuality                ^^    \__ 

prescription               X  —  2 

punishment           \ 

preservation         Xr 

put 

pretty                            <\ 

\ 
qualification             V^   <  —  ^  —  3 

previously                          X^ 

quality                                1 

priestly                  X^" 

question 

principal-ly                   *\ 

questionable          —  = 

principle                               X, 

ciuestionableness                       .„ 

principles                    >> 

questioner                         . 

private 

quick 

privilege                                     *\ 

quicken                               " 

probable-v              X 

quicker 

X  <\ 
problematical               X 

quickly                          — 

orodieious                              'v 

quitclaim                     ~t  —  ^^ 

~7 

production                \             f 

ratification               ^, 

ABBREVIATION'    AND    POSITION 


read                           ^ 

restrictive                .XjJ        ^ 

real  estate                   ,/^ 

resurrection                    ^          X 

recollect-ion         ^X      ^ 

retrospect                        X^^  ^  , 

reduction                 .XI, 

X"^ 

retrospection                  ^X   ^ 

refer-ence                       X^V 

retrospective                   X^ 

regeneration                    stf 

revelation               X° 

regular-lv-ity         X' 

reverend                      /XV^ 

religion                          «/ 

Rev.  Dr.                              X\- 

religious                          / 

revolution                 /-> 

relinquish-ment    ,X^"^ 

revolutionary                  ,oX 

remarkable-v               X^~\ 

revolutionist                       ^-, 

remember                       X 

revolve                    ^XV 

remembered           <\ 

Rhode  Island                     /V> 

remembrance                X 

right  hand                 ^^-^ 

remonstrate                  "^^t 

salvation                         /"^ 

renew 

sanctify         •                      *~^V 

renewal                     X^^V 

sanctimonious         "^"^-^  «• 

renewed                         ^X" 

sanction                           ^_p 

repeatedly  . 

sanctity                                •*—  •  i 

replenish                     ^X\ 

sanguine                                   1 

reprehensible                  s^\ 

satisfaction                       p 

represent             X^\ 

satisfactorv-ly                          f 

representation            ^X\, 

satisfy-ed                 p 

representative                XX 

scientific                          "^ 

republican              .X\ 

scoundrel                            „_  / 

republicanism        -X^\^ 

scriptural                   °~> 

repugnant-ce          XX   '"^ 

scripture                          "    ^ 

request                          ^X" 

secretary  of  state                            o-p 

resemble-d-ance                         j.  —  ^ 

secretary  of  war     B-«xX' 

resignation             /*    3 

sectarianism                  ^  —  , 

respect 

secure 

respectability             X\\ 

secured 

respective              /\ 

security 

responsible-itv                /\ 

sedentary                               e^X 

\ 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


see                               ) 

skill 

0  — 

seem 

skillful-ly 

«_ 

seemed 

skillfulness 

^_0 

seen                          *—  ' 

so  far  as 

] 

self-accusation 

somebody 

Vo 

self-justification                  ^ 

somehow 

C<e 

self-respect            ^^\ 

some  one 

n  N 

self-satisfied                         j> 

some  other 

dd±^ 

°l 
sentimentalism            0  ^—  -. 

some  other  one 

•^  ^ 

separate                  <K 

something 

/c~-~*<^^s 

September                    v_ 

.    sometimes 

set  forth                                    ? 

.     somewhat 

<y- 

set  off                         £ 

.    somewhere 

^-^^^ 

several                           v 

south 

C 

shall                                       2. 

southeast 

\ 

t 

shall  there                   ) 

southeastern 

\> 
C  *£ 

she                                   -J 

southern 

w^ 

c 

she  had 

southerner 

I 

j 
she  ought                 ~. 

southwest 

°> 

shoestore                      ^ 

southwestern 

°^" 

shorthand                         J 

speak 

\ 

should                      ' 

speak  of 

V, 

signature 

special-lv 

s 

significant-ce                      ° 

specialty 

\ 

signification 

specification 

S.       1 

signifv-ed                       ° 

specialization 

s 

similar                                 *~^ 

spoke 

>,    £ 

simplification            ~~\o 

spoke  of 

\, 

•simplify                                V 

spoken 

\ 

since 

stenographv-er 

^^ 

p 
situate                        ' 

St.  Louis 
straightforward  . 

r 

situation                         C 

i^ 

skeptic-al                           °  —  \ 

stranger 
street 

i 

skepticism 

i        7 

366 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


feJp^pypp                              ,    J  

structure                         \ 

tempt                               U 

\      Q 

tenement                               fc> 

j—          „ 

subjection             ^^ 

tenMd                    J 

subjective                      i> 

Terre  Haute                  *£«  ' 

testament                              •» 

subscribe                 "  —  v 

textbook                  1    g 

subscription                  «  —  •"' 

than                                                        / 

substantial-ly                     \r 

thank                             / 

o 

substitute                if 

thankful-1  v                     ( 

substitution                  j* 

thankfulness                  ^-      f 

subtraction                                  * 

th^nklpssnpcc;           f 

successful-ly            ^^             *•* 

thanksgiving        ,          / 

succinct                    ^—  •  — 

that                       .                     ( 

sufficient-ly-ry               ^^ 

that  are 

suggest                  £. 

3 

tn^t  arp  not 

suggests                         y° 

that  will                                          f 

suggestion                             J 

that  will  not            C 

superficial                  \, 

thp 

y 

superintend-ent 

thee                                          ^ 

superscribe                        °S>r^v 

their  c>wr.               ,) 

superscription         \  —  => 

them                                   ( 

superstructure             °S. 

themselves                             (n 

surprise                            I    N. 

thenceforth            L 

surprised               "N^ 

thenceforward              V 

surprises                        °\o 

the  other                   / 

surreptitious-ly               ^^ 

the  other  one          >       / 

suspect                    \ 

therefore                         *       J 

swindle                              ^ 

-                   V. 
therein                         ,/ 

swindler                                   ^ 

theretofore                       "> 

take  care                |  — 

V     ^ 

there  will                                 ' 

tantamount-                             L^ 

th^sp                      ^° 

terhn'Vfll                    1  —  •.. 

they  are                                 ) 

telpcrram                    |  

they  3rp  nnt                                    3 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


they  will 
they  will  not 
they  would 
thine 
thing 
think 
think  it 
Thompson 
those 
thou 
thou  art 
though 
thou  hast 
thousand 
thou  wilt 
through 
throughout 
thus 
thy 
thyself 
time 
timely 
to 
to  all 
to  all  of 
to  be 
to-day 
together 
to  have 
to  have  been 
to-morrow 
to-night 
too 

C                          to  oiir  own 

f.              topography 

| 

toward 

1 

j 

*                           transact 

J        •,    • 

(                transaction 

]_j> 

(           transcribe 

Lr. 

^-^  t                transcript 

1_X 

/                transfer 

L 

/         transgress 

^    l_o 

transgression 

]  -) 

i                 translate 

\- 

/         translation 

V- 

f                        transport 

\ 

•    I, 
transportation 

] 

^          treasurer 

^  1 

trustful 

~s        H 

1 

/                 truthful-ly 

1         i 

\>       / 

\           unaccomplished 

L 

«                             unaware 

~~~_ 

'                  uncertain 

"       ^    o/ 

*~       under 

underneath 

—  r 

<:                 understand 

f 

^,        understood 

Vj 

\                         undertake 

a 

N 

undertook 

l  
a 

1     <  undoubtedly 

i  

unexpected 

X^_jD 

v                     unexpressed 

<^ 

/ 
^^^y       unexpressive 

V 

nnfav~>rable-y 

V 

:*_-£x 

v                    unfortunate-ly 

J 

368 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION' 


vehement                   v^. 

vehicle                              5^ 

unintelligible                   ^L. 

verilv                     JL. 

union 

verv                                     A 

T'nited  States 

X'fstal                                        V. 

United  States 

vice-president     V.? 

Virginia                      j     V 

7= 

virtuous                   •>, 

unquestioned         v_^  —  = 

was                             '      ) 

Washineton                       <L^ 

unsatisfactory        x—  f 

^1 
was  it                     ) 

unscriptural 

was  not                          .) 

unsecured              j. 

was  there                           A 

unskilled 

watchful-ly             / 

unspeakable-v                      \ 

water                           "  ~*\ 

J                       \ 
until                         r 

•     J 

unusual-ly                   ^-^ 

we  are 

unwilling                                 /r 

we  are  not 

unwise                                J 

we  are  to  have              *^ 

upheld                          \ 

we  had  not            s 

r 

iipludd                                            \ 

we  know                        • 

upstairs                        V>> 

we  made 

US                                            A  ' 

we  mav     rKilJ         <r~N 

X. 

[been 
we  mav  have  '             <f~b 

11SP                                                        \ 

we  may  have 
been  there      <f      ^> 

used 

useful                                            N 

we  mean                 <?~~* 

? 

usefulness                 \             ^ 

we  meant                       *^ 

U«;e|essness                              \ 

\ve  might                               *~~ 

; 
ustial-ly                               °       J 

we  must 

valuable                   C 

were                                 c 

valuation                     \     r 

were  it                                ^~ 

VJ 

value                                          C. 

were  not                  ,^» 

ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


369 


r 

whereby                 «^_  .^ 

wherever                        fa£_-!^i 

wh^rpf^rp                          ,^^V 

wherpin                      j^X, 

whereof                       (/^ 

wlierpp'^pvpr           ,Xx 

c 

whether                                 ~~N 

G 

whether  or  not      ~^\ 

whirh                                    J/ 

c 

whirh  arp                                  / 

which  are  not        ,f 

whichever                     £ 

which  had 

whatever                       ^ 

which  have             / 

whirh  might 

what  we 

which  ought  not 

what  we  were                 ^ 

which  ought  to      £ 

what  were 

fhave            ? 

which  wprp    L                              / 

3 

which  were  not 

what  were  you 

which  will               /" 

-  —  \ 
what  WP  would                      --'  . 

whirh  will  h^vp            £ 

what  would 

which  will  not                       ./> 

what  would  n<'t 

whirh  would 

what  would  we 

which  would 

what  would  yon.     -^ 

while           Lnave                    £ 

<~) 
what  you 

whithersoever       "X 

0 

what  you  were 

wh<">                               X.        * 

what  yon  would                  -^ 

who  are                      } 

Wheeling                               u. 

who  are  not                     .» 

whpn 

whoever               *_ 
who  have                  ,, 

whenever                           ^"""X^ 

whpnsoPvP,-                             ^ 

wh'^lp-'v                          s~ 

where                     «i— 

wlK>lp«alp                            /-*> 

wholesome              s*    " 

TAYLOR      24. 


37° 


ABBREVIATION    AND    POSITION 


wholesomeness         s~° 

w^nman                             /r^\ 

whom                      / 

women                               ^^^ 

whomsoever                t 

wonderful-lv                        ^V 

whose                                           t 

workman                  •tt/> 

whosoever                 x 

workmanship             ,/I 

who  were 

workmen                                  ,/• 

who  were  not 

world                           r 

who  will                   f 

wonld 

whr>  will  not                        •* 

would  we                                  r> 

why                                                 J 

would  we  not          r> 

would  vou                       o 

willfulness                      f^~ 

would  vou  not                       O    . 

willingness                              f 

\> 

ye 

will  it                            /- 

year                                 " 

will  not                                /= 

yearly                                       (_ 

wise                                    .              « 

yet 

wiser                          ^     „ 

von                                     i 

1      "X 
wisest                                          T- 

young 

wish 

younger                   x  _^ 

wished 

youngest                          _^. 

with 

yniir                                                        /^ 

within                                    ^ 

your  own                  £L 

with  me                        <r~^ 

yourself                            6 

with  mv                              *~~^ 

yourselves                             <5 

without 

yniirs  rpspprtfully          h^X 

( 
with  reference         ,/\^ 

with  regard                   </*~ 

X^           K^ 

yours  verv  truly       6 

with  relation                     ^/u 

^j\ 
you  were                      |        <"> 

with  respect            ,/\ 

you  were  not                         ^ 

withstand                         f 

with  what                               c 

you  would  not     .  .          ^ 

•  i                               O 
with  vn" 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


Form  L9-25;,t-9,'47(A5618)444 


UNIVERSITY  of  CALIFORNIA 

AT 
LOS  ANGELES 


THERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


A  000  571  343  3 


256 

T194n 

1904 


KEK 


